scholarly journals Anthropometric measurements of a neonate vis-a-vis maternal nutritional status

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 640
Author(s):  
Surinder Singh ◽  
Pancham Kumar ◽  
B. R. Thakur

Background: The incidence of low birth weight i.e. <2500gm babies in India is 30-40% as compared to 7.5% in the developed world. The objective of this study was to find correlation between neonatal anthropometric indices and maternal nutritional status.Methods:Out of one thousand twelve live births during the study period 529 newborns which were fulfilling the required criteria were enrolled in the study. All the enrolled newborns were assessed for weight, length, OFC, MAC, MAC/OFC and Ponderal index. Maternal nutritional status was assessed by maternal weight, maternal height and BMI. Maternal data also comprised of demographic and social factors viz. maternal age, socioeconomic status, dietary habits, maternal education, occupation, parity, residence, altitude and antenatal care. The correlation between neonatal anthropometric indices and maternal nutritional status was studied using appropriate statistical methods.Results: The study population had mean maternal weight 50.0593±7.97, mean maternal height 154.148±9.0388 and mean body mass index 21.5871±10.458 which were significantly higher than national figure (NFHS 2 data). The mean birth weight was 2822.80±447.64, mean length 48.0319±2.1963, mean OFC 33.6866±1.3510, mean MAC 8.8866±0.8349,MAC/OFC 0.2636±2.039 E-02 .The study showed 29% LBW babies. The study showed highly significant positive relationship between maternal nutritional status assessed by maternal weight, height and BMI; and neonatal anthropometry i.e. birth weight length, OFC MAC, and MAC/OFC ratio.Conclusions:Maternal nutritional status has strong linear correlation with neonatal anthropometry. Shorter and lighter mothers tend to give birth to small babies with lower anthropometric measurements. Improvement in the maternal nutritional status can lead to better neonatal anthropometric indices which can be helpful in decreasing the neonatal morbidity and mortality.

BMC Nutrition ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Devaki Gokhale ◽  
Shobha Rao

Abstract Background Low birth weight is highly prevalent in rural India. As a chronic undernutrition problem, poor birth outcomes are closely related to various nutritional factors more prominently the poor maternal anthropometry at conception. The purpose of the study was to identify how compromised maternal nutritional status in early pregnancy affects the birth size of rural Indian mothers. Methods It was a prospective observational study on singleton pregnant women (n = 204) from 14 villages in Mulshi Taluka of Pune District, Maharashtra, India. Maternal weight (Wt), height (Ht), body fat percent (BF%), head circumference (HC), and sitting height (SHT) were measured at early pregnancy (< 13 weeks of gestation) and infants’ weight and length were measured within 24 h of birth. Groups means were tested using a ‘t’ test while the trend in means was tested using ANOVA. Results Mothers were young (21.46 ± 2.09 yrs), thin (46.46 ± 6.1 kg), short (153.39 ± 5.79 cm), and poorly nourished (19.74 ± 2.41 kg/m2). Mean birth weight was low (2655 ± 507 g) and prevalence of LBW and stunting at birth was highest among mothers in the lower tertile of each of the anthropometric indicators. In particular, stunting was significantly higher for mothers in lower tertile compared to higher tertile of Wt (44.6 Vs 64.6%) and was also true for HC (43.7 Vs 60.6%). Risk for LBW and stunting at birth was almost similar and was significant (p < 0.01) for mothers in the lower tertile of Wt, Ht, BMI, SHT, HC, and BF% as compared to those in the higher tertile of these measurements. Conclusion All the anthropometric indicators of current undernutrition at first trimester as well as that in utero reflected by smaller HC, impose risk for LBW and stunting at birth especially among young rural mothers.


2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 1712
Author(s):  
Brinda Prasanna Kumar ◽  
Adarsh E. ◽  
Sahana G.

Background: It is well established that maternal body mass index (BMI) and haemoglobin (Hb) level has an impact on foetal growth. Various studies have concluded that intrauterine growth as reflected by the Ponderal index (PI) is strongly influenced by various maternal factors. Therefore, we undertake this study to address the evidence gap to establish the strength of association between maternal nutritional status as indicated by her pre-pregnancy BMI and haemoglobin levels and neonatal PI.Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional, observational study was conducted that included 236 normal newborns and their mothers. A predesigned questionnaire was used to collect relevant socio-demographic data and obstetric history. Details regarding the maternal pre-pregnancy weight were collected from antenatal records, maternal height was measured and BMI was calculated. Neonatal birth weight and recumbent length was measured. PI was calculated and co-related with the maternal BMI and haemoglobin values.Results: 11.9% of the mothers were underweight and 51.3% had normal BMI. Majority of the mothers (62.7%) had normal Hb levels and 0.4% were found to have severe anemia (Hb <7 mg/dl). We saw a significant positive correlation (p<0.05) between BMI and birth weight, BMI and PI that is, with decrease in BMI there was a significant decrease in the birth weight and PI of the newborn. There was no significant correlation between haemoglobin level and PI.Conclusions: Our study showed a positive association between maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and birth weight, BMI and PI. Therefore, interventions aimed at improving the nutritional status of the mother have a direct impact on the foetal growth outcomes.


2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 6203-6205
Author(s):  
Yoga Dwi Oktavianda ◽  
Syahru Ramadhan ◽  
Thalia Mufida ◽  
Ummul Mukminin ◽  
Rima Irwinda

Low birth weight is one of the determinants of infant mortality, morbidity, and disability, which can even have an impact on the future. Several studies have suggested that the condition of low birth weight (LBW) infants is influenced by the lack of maternal nutritional status in early pregnancy. Moreover, the prevalence of malnutrition in Indonesia is still high. Therefore, this study attempted to analyze the relationship of maternal nutritional status in early pregnancy as a predictor of LBW infants. Using a cross-sectional study design, this study involved 62 pregnant patients aged 20–35 years who had antenatal visits and a term delivery at Puskesmas Kecamatan Cakung. The measurements of body mass index (BMI) and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) in early pregnancy are used to determine the maternal nutritional status. Pregnant women with BMI <18.5 or MUAC <23.5 cm are considered to have less nutritional status. Meanwhile, LBW infants are defined as babies with birth weight <2500 grams. This study proves that the risk of birth of LBW infants is increased in pregnant women with BMI <18.5 (underweight) (OR 5.37) and less MUAC (OR 20.4).


2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eka Nurhayati

<p>Prepregnancy BMI (Body Mass Index) is used as a guide to the nutritional status of the mother before pregnancy and also determine the optimal weight gain in pregnancy. Meanwhile, weight gain during pregnancy is a decisive indicator of the nutritional status of the mother. This retrospective study design aimed to determine the relationship of pre-pregnant BMI and maternal weight gain during pregnancy with birth weight babies. The sample was 71 mothers with children aged 0-6 months were selected by purposive sampling. The results showed 67.6% most respondents in this study had pre-pregnant BMI normal and 62% of respondents experienced weight gain during pregnancy, according to the recommendations. There is a significant relationship between pre-pregnant BMI birth weight (p=0.006), as well as weight gain during pregnancy had no significant relationship with birth weight, with p=0.024.</p>


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devdatt Pitale

Abstract Introduction: Nutrition during pregnancy plays an important role for an optimum outcome of pregnancy. Women may be malnourished even before they become pregnant and this may further adversely affect the pregnancy. Maternal undernutrition can lead to poor intrauterine growth and low weight of the baby at birth. Moreover, the leading causes for maternal deaths like hemorrhage and infection are related directly or indirectly to nutrition. Aim of the Study: To study the impact of existing food habits on pregnancy outcome in a south Indian population. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted at a tertiary health care and research institute in India. From the antenatal clinic, 350 women who satisfied the following inclusion and exclusion criteria were admitted to the study. Results: The majority of pregnant women belonged to the age group of 21-25 yrs (47%) followed by the 26-30 yrs age group (40%).The number of teenage pregnancies was 30 (8%) whereas 5% of pregnant women belong the age group of 31-35 yrs.83% of the study population belonged to the low socioeconomic class. Majority of the babies (66%) had the birth weight in the range of 2.5-2.9 kgs. 29 % of babies had birth weight in the range of 3-3.5 kgs. There was a significant association (p value < 0.05) between the socioeconomic status of the mother, parity and her calorie intake. The present study found a statistically significant association between the maternal nutritional status, the birth weight of the baby and the need for NICU admission (p value < 0.05). Conclusion: Maternal food habits have an impact on the pregnancy outcome. Maternal food habits are influenced by many factors like socioeconomic status, parity, social food taboos and pregnancy itself. The pregnancy outcomes like birth weight, need for NICU admission and postnatal complications are influenced by maternal nutritional status.


Author(s):  
Vidyadhar B. Bangal ◽  
Satyajit P. Gavhane ◽  
Swati D. Gagare ◽  
Kunal H. Aher ◽  
Dhruval K. Bhavsar ◽  
...  

Background: Birth weight is one of the important determinants of neonatal wellbeing. Birth weight has many determinants that mainly include maternal nutritional status and the term of gestation. Low birth weight is associated with high neonatal and childhood mortality and morbidity. Over the years the birth weight is showing the increasing trend in developing countries like India. The study aimed at finding out the changing pattern of birth weight over a decade in rural India.Methods: A retrospective analysis of over 45,000 births that took place in Tertiary care hospital from year 2008-2017was undertaken. The socio economic determinants of birth weight were studied.Results: The incidence of low birth weight declined from 47 percent to 35 percent over ten years. The mean rise in birth weight in ten years was observed in both male (176 grams) and female (151grams).The incidence of very low birth and extremely low birth was found declined. There was positive co relationship between improved birth weight and improved socio economic status, delay in age at marriage, higher maternal weight gain during pregnancy, improved pre pregnancy nutritional status of women.Conclusions: There is steady decline in incidence of low birth weight over last ten years in study area. Improved maternal health, better nutrition, improved quality of antenatal care and various efforts and actions from the government side have contributed in improving the birth weight.


Author(s):  
Tyas Aisyah Putri ◽  
◽  
Yuni Kusmiyati ◽  
Ana Kurniati ◽  
◽  
...  

ABSTRACT Background: Stunting is a cyclical process because women who were themselves stunted in childhood tend to have stunted offspring, creating an intergenerational cycle of poverty and reduced human capital that is difficult to break This study aimed to investigate the risk factors of stunting in children aged 25-59 months. Subjects and Method: A case control study was conducted at Kotagede I health center, Yogyakarta. A sample of 78 children aged 25-59 months was selected by simple random sampling. The dependent variable was stunting. The independent variables were birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding, maternal height, and maternal education. The data were obtained from questionnaire and analyzed by a multiple logistic regression. Results: The risk of stunting increased with low birth weight (aOR= 4.24; 95% CI= 1.70 to 10.60; p= 0.001), non-exclusive breastfeeding (aOR= 2.43; 95% CI= 1.28 to 4.62; p= 0.010), short maternal height (aOR= 2.13; 95% CI= 1.79 to 2.53; p= 0.002), and low maternal education (aOR= 2.30; 95% CI= 1.12 to 4.69; p= 0.033). Conclusion: The risk of stunting increases with low birth weight, non-exclusive breastfeeding, short maternal height, and low maternal education. Keywords: stunting, low birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding, maternal height Correspondence: Tyas Aisyah Putri. Study Program in Midwifery, Health Polytechnics Ministry of Health, Yogyakarta. Jl. Tatabumi 3 Banyuraden, Gamping, Sleman, Yogyakarta. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6285725003949. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.112


Author(s):  
Dr. Pratibha Patil ◽  
Dr. Sanjay Patil

Poor nutritional status and inadequate food intake during and prior to pregnancy not only affect Women’s health but also have negative impact on growth and development of fetus.  The birth weight of an infant is a powerful predictor of growth and survival of infant and is dependent on maternal health and nutritional status, pre-pregnancy weight and general weight gain are all strongly associated with fetal growth and development. So, improving maternal nutrition prior to conception and during pregnancy are potential strategies to improve birth weight. The Present study has been carried out to discuss the circumstances under which the effect of maternal nutrition on birth weight can be observed, and to determine the specific contributors of calories and protein to birth weight. Materials and methods: The present study has been carried out at Teaching Medical College and hospital to find out correlation between various factors responsible for maternal weight gain and nutrition with birth weight of baby and to standardize diet chart for pregnant mothers in rural area. The study included 100 women who were followed up from 8 to 10 week of pregnancy till delivery. Anthropometric measurements including maternal weight, height and total weight gain in pregnancy and infant’s birth weight were recorded and all mothers were interviewed for their bio-social variables. Results: The mean birth weight is below 2.4 kg in age <19 years and in 30 years and above, it is >2.5 kg.  The mean birth weight in primipara is 2.4 kg and then it gradually increased maximum up to 2.6 kg in multipara. The mean birth weight in 2.4 kg in mothers below 145cm.Above that till 160 cm there is steady increase in birth weight up to 3.08 kg. The mean birth weight was lowest in cases where maternal weight is below 40 kg and it reached maximum 3 kg in weight group 60-69 kg. The mean birth weight is 2.4 kg in weight gain between 5-9 kg and maximum up to 3 kg in weight gain between 15-19 kg. The mean birth weight is 3.2 kg in high socioeconomic group and 2.2 kg in low socioeconomic group. Conclusion: There is definite relation between maternal age, parity, height, pre-pregnancy weight, weight gain during pregnancy, socioeconomic status and daily dietary intake per day and birth weight of baby. So health policies should be aimed at early detection and effective management of under nutrition to reduce the burden of low birth weight babies and there is a need to focus attention on better maternal nutrition and education on birth spacing, early pregnancy and family planning.


2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Wrottesley ◽  
C. Lamper ◽  
P. T. Pisa

Maternal nutritional status (MNS) is a strong predictor of growth and development in the first 1000 days of life and may influence susceptibility to non-communicable diseases in adulthood. However, the role of nutrition during this window of developmental plasticity in Africa is unclear. This paper reviews published data to address whether maternal nutrition during the first 1000 days is important for Africa, with a focus on MNS and its associations with fetal growth and birth, neonatal and infant outcomes. A systematic approach was used to search the following databases: Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, SciSearch and Cochrane Library. In all, 26 studies met the inclusion criteria for the specific objectives. MNS in Africa showed features typical of the epidemiological transition: higher prevalences of maternal overweight and obesity and lower underweight, poor diet quality 1 and high anaemia prevalence. Maternal body mass index and greater gestational weight gain (GWG) were positively associated with birth weight; however, maternal overweight and obesity were associated with increased risk of macrosomia and intrauterine growth restriction. Maternal anaemia was associated with lower birth weight. Macro- and micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy were associated with improvements in GWG, birth weight and mortality risk. Data suggest poor MNS in Africa and confirms the importance of the first 1000 days as a critical period for nutritional intervention to improve growth, birth outcomes and potential future health risk. However, there is a lack of data beyond birth and a need for longitudinal data through infancy to 2 years of age.


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