Neuropsychological Functioning and Psychosocial Outcome in Adults with Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Sobanski ◽  
Alexandra Sirtl ◽  
Barbara Alm ◽  
Oliver Hennig ◽  
Tobias Banaschewski
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Neuropsychological Functioning ◽  
Neuropsychological Impairment ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Global Assessment Of Functioning ◽  
Psychosocial Impairment ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

This study explores the association of neuropsychological functioning with ADHD-symptoms and psychosocial functioning in a clinical sample of 131 adults with ADHD. Neuropsychological functioning was assessed with the computerized Test Battery of Attentional Performance (TAP). Overall psychosocial impairment was assessed with the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF). Neuropsychological performance was impaired in 39.6 % of the ADHD-patients meeting a predefined impairment criterion of a perfomance reduction of 1.5 standard deviations below normative controls in ≥ 2 TAP-subtests; 28.4 % of the patients showed regular performance in all neuropsychological tests. Severity of neuropsychological impairment was inversely correlated to severity of psychosocial impairment (GAF score; = -.24, p < .001) but not to childhood or adult ADHD symptoms. Overall severity of neuropsychological impairment explained 10 % (p < .05) of variance of psychosocial impairment.

Samuel, D.B. & Ranseen, J.R. (2006, October). Stimulant medication’s effects on adult ADHD symptoms and NEO PI-R personality traits

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Samuel ◽  
John D. Ranseen
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Stimulant Treatment ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Adhd Symptomatology

Previous studies have indicated a consistent profile of basic personality traits correlated with adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (e.g., Ranseen, Campbell, &amp; Baer, 1998; Nigg et al., 2002). In particular, research has found that low scores of the Conscientiousness trait and high scores on Neuroticism have been correlated with ADHD symptomatology. However, to date there is limited information concerning the range of effect resulting from medication treatment for adult ADHD. During an 18 month period, 60 adults were diagnosed with ADHD based on strict, DSM-IV criteria at an outpatient clinic. This evaluation included a battery of neuropsychological tests and a measure of general personality (i.e., the NEO PI-R). Eleven of these participants returned to complete the battery a second time. The pre-post comparisons revealed significant changes following sustained stimulant treatment on both the neuropsychological and self-report measures. These individuals also displayed significant changes on two domains of the NEO PI-R. They showed a significant decrease on the domain of Neuroticism, indicating that now see themselves as less prone to experience negative emotional states such as anxiety and depression. Additionally, they also reported a significant increase on their scores on the domain of conscientiousness. This increase suggests that they see themselves as more organized and dependable.

scholarly journals A Within-Sample Comparison of Two Innovative Neuropsychological Tests for Assessing ADHD

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Anna Baader ◽  
Behnaz Kiani ◽  
Nathalie Brunkhorst-Kanaan ◽  
Sarah Kittel-Schneider ◽  
Andreas Reif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Continuous Performance Tests ◽  
Interesting Correlation ◽  
Clinical Measures

New innovative neuropsychological tests in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ADHD have been proposed as objective measures for diagnosis and therapy. The current study aims to investigate two different commercial continuous performance tests (CPT) in a head-to-head comparison regarding their comparability and their link with clinical parameters. The CPTs were evaluated in a clinical sample of 29 adult patients presenting in an ADHD outpatient clinic. Correlational analyses were performed between neuropsychological data, clinical rating scales, and a personality-based measure. Though inattention was found to positively correlate between the two tests (r = 0.49, p = 0.01), no association with clinical measures and inattention was found for both tests. While hyperactivity did not correlate between both tests, current ADHD symptoms were positively associated with Nesplora Aquarium’s motor activity (r = 0.52 to 0.61, p < 0.05) and the Qb-Test’s hyperactivity (r = 0.52 to 0.71, p < 0.05). Conclusively, the overall comparability of the tests was limited and correlation with clinical parameters was low. While our study shows some interesting correlation between clinical symptoms and sub-scales of these tests, usage in clinical practice is not recommended.

625 The association between circadian rhythms and psychosocial functioning in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A245-A245
Author(s):  
Xiao Li ◽  
Ka Sin Caroline Shea ◽  
Lok Fan Lau ◽  
Ching Kwong Dino Wong ◽  
Waiyan Vivian Chiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Emotional Problems ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Rest Activity

Abstract Introduction Circadian rhythm disturbances, including delayed circadian rhythm and increased motor activity, are commonly seen in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Previous research suggested a link between circadian rhythm disturbances and poor psychosocial functioning in children, but such a relationship has not been examined in children with ADHD. This study aimed at examining the association between circadian-related parameters and psychosocial functioning in children with ADHD. Methods Seventy-nine children with ADHD were recruited into this study (age range: 6–12 years, 75.9% male). They were assessed by parent-report questionnaires on sleep problems (Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire, CSHQ), ADHD symptoms (Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD Symptoms and Normal Behaviour Scale, SWAN), and psychosocial functioning (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, SDQ). Actigraphic data collected for seven consecutive days were analyzed using parametric and nonparametric methods. The relationship between circadian parameters and psychosocial functioning was analyzed using multiple regression while controlling for age, sex, ADHD medication, total sleep time, and CSHQ total score. Results Later acrophase was significantly associated with higher scores on SDQ emotional problems (St. β = 0.30, p = 0.03) and SWAN inattention subscale (St. β = 0.27, p = 0.043). Lower relative amplitude was associated with higher scores on SDQ hyperactivity symptoms (St. β = -0.29, p = 0.045) and SDQ total difficulties (St. β = -0.31, p = 0.036). Higher levels of mean activity level during the least active 5-h period (L5) were related to higher scores on SDQ peer problems (St. β = 0.38, p = 0.021), SDQ internalizing problems (St. β = 0.38, p = 0.020) and SDQ total difficulties (St. β = 0.33, p = 0.036). Later onset of L5 was associated with increased SDQ emotional problems (St. β = 0.26, p = 0.046). Conclusion Circadian rest-activity rhythm disturbances (delayed phase, blunted rest-activity rhythms, higher level of nocturnal activity, and later onset of nocturnal rest) were associated with poor psychosocial functioning in children with ADHD. Further longitudinal studies are needed to examine the effects of circadian disruption on psychosocial functioning in children with ADHD. Support (if any) This work was supported by the Health and Medical Research Fund (Project No.: 30160604).

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults: Specific clinical and therapeutic issues

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (S2) ◽  
pp. S27-S28
Author(s):  
B. Rolland ◽  
D. Da Fonseca ◽  
M. Fatseas ◽  
N. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Addiction Medicine ◽  
Global Functioning ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was initially considered as a childhood psychiatric disorder. However, longitudinal observations have revealed that ADHD symptoms may persist in adulthood among approximately 50% of the patients . Adult ADHD is associated with impaired social outcome and frequent comorbidities such as mood disorders, personality disorders, and substance use disorders [2,3]. Correctly identifying and treating ADHD can significantly improve the global functioning and cognition of adult subjects, and reduce the intensity and frequency of the comorbid states [2,3]. Nonetheless, the clinical features of adult ADHD are clearly different from the youth form [1,2], and ADHD symptoms are easily mixed up in adults with symptoms of the comorbid conditions [2,3]. These clinical intricacies can make the diagnosis of ADHD difficult in adults. Moreover, the management of methylphenidate in adult subjects is also associated with specific risks and pitfalls, such as abuse and tampering behaviors, and additional safety risks . Put together, it appears crucial to identify and treat ADHD in adults, but the clinical and therapeutic complexities of adult ADHD require improved expertise and caution from adult psychiatrists and addiction specialists. In this thematic session of the 2015 French Psychiatry Congress, three French leading experts of adult ADHD will address the aforementioned clinical and therapeutic issues of the adulthood form of this disorder. David Da Fonseca, professor of child psychiatry in Marseille, will disentangle the clinical features of adult ADHD from the typical symptoms observed in the youth form. Mélina FATSEAS, associate professor of psychiatry and addiction medicine in Bordeaux, will specifically focus on the many and complex relationships observed between adult ADHD and substance use disorders. Last, Nicolas Simon, professor of addiction medicine and psychopharmacology in Marseille, will synthesize what are the very risks and issues with prescribing methylphenidate in adults.

Investigating the Associations Of Adult ADHD Symptoms, Hypersexuality, and Problematic Pornography Use Among Men and Women on a Largescale, Non-Clinical Sample

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beáta Bőthe ◽  
Mónika Koós ◽  
István Tóth-Király ◽  
Gábor Orosz ◽  
Zsolt Demetrovics
Keyword(s):  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Pornography Use

Incidence of Internet addiction in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S396-S397
Author(s):  
B. Tuzun Mutluer ◽  
T.G. Yener Orum ◽  
S. Sertcelik
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Dsm Iv

ObjectiveIn this study, it was aimed to determine the internet use properties of Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) patients who were followed-up at Haydarpasa Numune Research and Training Hospital, Psychiatry Department; ADHD Outpatient Clinic.MethodThirty participants who were diagnosed with adult ADHD aged between 18–31 years rated their ADHD symptoms in childhood retrospectively, using Wender Utah Rating Scale. Patients rated current adult ADHD symptoms with the Adult ADHD DSM-IV-Based Diagnostic Screening and Rating Scale (DSRS) and severity of symptoms measured by Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS). Internet addiction (IA) was assessed with Young's Internet Addiction Scale (IAS). It was determined that, none of 30 Adult ADHD patients have been diagnosed with IA.29 of patient have moderate internet use although 1 of patients have risky internet use. The results revealed that total ASRS score (P = 0.020), total Adult ADHD DSM-IV-Based DSRS score (P = 0.036) and the Attention Deficit related properties subscale total score (P = 0.042) were significantly correlated with the IAS total score. Subscale of the self-report scales including; failing to finish schoolworks, chores, or duties at workplace, difficulty of following through on instructions (P = 0.017), restiveness; impaired inhibitory performance (P = 0.017), feeling not confident (P = 0.017), difficulty of managing time (P = 0.047), failing to give close attention to details or making careless mistakes (P = 0.037) are closely relevant to IAS total score.ResultIn conclusion, clinical features, which are characteristic of Adult ADHD could have same shared etiology with IA. Furthermore, ADHD patients are more likely to have an IA diagnosis. However, it was thought that this result had to be supported with studies including larger samples.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals The Mediating Effects of Self-Esteem and Harm Avoidance on the Association between Social Anxiety Symptoms and Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptom Severity in Turkish Inpatients with Alcohol Use Disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuneyt Evren ◽  
Elvan Cicekci ◽  
Gokhan Umut ◽  
Bilge Evren ◽  
Kubra Durmus Cicek
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Harm Avoidance ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

Objective: The first objective of this research was to examine the association of the symptom severity of social anxiety with the adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptom severity in Turkish patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD). The second objective was to examine if harm avoidance and self-esteem mediated this relationship. Method: This cross-sectional analysis was performed among 151 inpatients with AUD at the Bakirkoy/AMATEM, a treatment center for substance use disorder, in Istanbul. Patients were examined with the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS), the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (SES), and the temperament dimension of Harm Avoidance (HA). Using SPSS-20 software, the data was analyzed using Pearson correlations, multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA), and multiple linear regressions. Results: The scales scores were mildly correlated with each other. The low self-esteem and high HA were related with the inattentive (IN) dimension of ADHD, whereas low self-esteem solely predicted hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI) dimension of ADHD in MANCOVA. In the linear regression analysis, the severity of social anxiety, particularly avoidance dimension, was associated with the symptom severity of ADHD. In the second step of the analysis, together with the avoidance dimension of social anxiety, self-esteem was associated with the symptom severity of ADHD. However, in the third step, after including HA as an independent variable in the analysis, the avoidance dimension of social anxiety was no longer associated with the severity of adult ADHD symptoms, whereas self-esteem together with HA (particularly “anticipatory worry and pessimism” [HA-1], and “asthenia and fatigability” [HA-4]) predicted. Conclusion: Findings of the present study shows that although the symptom severity of social anxiety is associated with the severity of ADHD symptoms among inpatients with AUD, among dimensions of social anxiety, the avoidance dimension plays a main role in this relationship. Also, while the self-esteem partially mediates this relationship, HA seems to have a full mediator effect on this relationship.

scholarly journals Pharmacotherapy for Comorbid Adult Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Stimulant Dependence: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Woon LS ◽  
Hazli Z ◽  
Gan LLY
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Retention Rates ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Stimulant Use ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Stimulant Medications ◽  
Stimulant Dependence

Comorbid adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and stimulant dependence is widely recognized, but efficacy of pharmacotherapy in this patient population is not well established. We aimed to review whether pharmacotherapy is efficacious in reducing ADHD symptoms and stimulant use in comorbid adult ADHD and stimulant use disorder. English articles until June 2017 were systematically searched in electronic databases (MEDLINE and PsycINFO), an online clinical trials register (ClinicalTrial.gov), and through hand-search of article references. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials that studied efficacy of pharmacotherapy in adults with comorbid ADHD and stimulant dependence were included. Two reviewers assessed studies for inclusion and extracted data; disagreements were resolved by consensus. Study outcomes included were changes in ADHD symptom severity, substance abstinence, treatment retention rates and safety. From the 1394 records identified, five trials (n=358) were included. Four studies involved methylphenidate; in another study extended-release mixed amphetamine were used. The comorbid stimulant was cocaine in three studies, and amphetamines in the rest. All were short-term studies involving predominantly young male adults conducted in outpatient settings. There is early promising but mixed evidence for therapeutic efficacy in improving ADHD symptoms. Stimulant medications did not worsen stimulant dependence or adverse effects of stimulant medications. Side effects were mild and tolerable. High attrition rates and small sample size limited the generalizability of findings. Current limited evidence suggests that stimulant treatment for comorbid adult ADHD and stimulant dependence is feasible. Welldesigned trials with adequate power are needed for more robust evidence on ADHD and stimulant use outcomes.

scholarly journals Set-Shifting in Adults with ADHD

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 728-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helene Barone Halleland ◽  
Jan Haavik ◽  
Astri J. Lundervold
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Color Word ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Set Shifting ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Intellectual Function ◽  
Interference Test ◽  
Basic Functions

AbstractDifficulties related to inhibition and set-shifting have been suggested as possible endophenotypes of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). However, such difficulties have not been consistently found in studies using standard neuropsychological tests. This has been partly explained by the complexity of these tests and the need to include contrast measures which control for more basic functions. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether difficulties related to inhibition and set-shifting in adult ADHD patients could be revealed by the Color Word Interference Test (CWIT) from the Delis Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS). A clinically recruited group of adults with ADHD (n = 60) obtained significantly lower scores than population derived controls (n = 60) on both primary summary (p < .001) and contrast measures (p = .004) of set-shifting. The differences between the groups remained statistically significant after controlling for intellectual function and working memory (p = .003). However, no significant differences between the groups were observed on any measure of inhibition. The study indicates that adults with ADHD have specific difficulties with set-shifting as measured by the CWIT, difficulties that probably also reflect problems related to executive function in their daily life. (JINS, 2012, 18, 1–10)

Introduction

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (S23) ◽  
pp. 4-5
Author(s):  
Lenard A. Adler ◽  
Jeffrey H. Newcorn
Keyword(s):  
Adult Adhd ◽  
The United States ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Adhd Diagnosis ◽  
Text Revision ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm Iv

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may be the most common chronic, undiagnosed psychiatric disorder in adults. ADHD is characterized by restlessness, overactivity, disorganization, impulsivity, and inattention; and as further characterized in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR). For most cases, an adult ADHD diagnosis is preceded by symptoms in childhood, which is a time when the disorder is rarely inquired about and usually overlooked.ADHD has been recognized in children for several decades, and the importance of detection and treatment is well established. Whereas it was initially believed that children outgrew the disease, researchers now know that approximately two thirds of children affected with ADHD symptoms carry the condition into adolescence and then into adulthood. Consequently, >4% of adults in the United States have ADHD. Nevertheless, the disorder is unrecognized and untreated in the vast majority of these people.

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