Adolescents’ self-mutilation - Relationship with dependent behaviour

2003 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bolognini ◽  
B. Plancherel ◽  
J. Laget ◽  
P. Stéphan ◽  
O. Halfon
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Self Mutilation ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Partial Overlap ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study, which was carried out in the French-speacking part of Switzerland, was to examine the relationship between suicide attempts and self-mutilation by adolescents and young adults. The population, aged 14-25 years (N = 308), included a clinical sample of dependent subjects (drug abuse and eating disorders) compared to a control sample. On the basis of the Mini Neuropsychiatric Interview ( Sheehan et al., 1998 ), DSM-IV criteria were used for the inclusion of the clinical population. The results concerning the occurrence of suicide attempts as well as on self-mutilation confirm most of the hypotheses postulated: suicidal attempts and self-mutilation were more common in the clinical group compared to the control group, and there was a correlation between suicide attempts and self-mutilation. However, there was only a partial overlap, attesting that suicide and self-harm might correspond to two different types of behaviour.

The relationship between self-esteem and psychiatric disorders in adolescents

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.S. Guillon ◽  
Marc-Antoine Crocq ◽  
P.E. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Psychotic Episode ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the relationship between self-esteem and psychiatric disorders in adolescents.MethodsSeventy-six adolescents (mean age: 16.02 years; range: 12-20) treated in an inpatient unit and presenting with DSM-IV psychotic disorder, depressive disorder, anxious disorder, anorexia nervosa, personality disorder, or conduct disorder were compared with a control group of 119 adolescents drawn from a normal population. All the subjects were assessed with the French translation of the Coopersmith self-esteem inventory (SEI).ResultsSelf-esteem was significantly higher in the control than in the clinical population (P = 0.0001). Female patients showed significantly lower SEI scores than male patients. Self-esteem increased significantly after 12 weeks in patients with a first psychotic episode who responded successfully to antipsychotic drug treatment. In the clinical group, a history of suicide attempts and sexual abuse was associated with significantly lower SEI scores. Lack of boy- or girlfriend, dropping out of school, and social withdrawal were also associated with lower self-esteem.ConclusionsThe presence of a psychiatric disorder in adolescents is associated with decreased self-esteem. This decrease in self-esteem varies according to the psychiatric disorder. Appropriate treatment can enhance self-esteem in adolescent patients.

Specific Enzymatic Activity of Ceruloplasmin as a Potential Indicator of Copper Status

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-256
Author(s):  
Kuldip Upadhyay ◽  
Ankit Viramgami
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Copper Metabolism ◽  
Acute Phase Reactant ◽  
Serum Copper ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Specific Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Potential Indicator

Background:: The serum copper (Cu) and ceruloplasmin (Cp) concentrations are common blood markers of copper metabolism. In altered physiological conditions, Cp can act as an acute phase reactant and its concentration may increase. Objective:: To evaluate specific enzymatic activity of Cp as a potential indicator of Cu status and its correlation with serum Cu level. Methods:: Serum Cu levels were estimated as per NIOSH method. Specific enzymatic activity of Cp was determined from enzymatic activity and immune concentration of Cp as per standard methods. The statistical analysis was carried out using the package of social science (SPSS) software. Results:: The difference in mean specific enzymatic activity of Cp was statistically significant between clinical and control groups. In control population, the correlation between serum Cu level and specific enzymatic activity of Cp was moderate and statistically significant (r=0.566, p=0.014, N=18) as compared to the clinical group (r=0.338, p=0.016, N=50). Conclusion:: The study revealed that clinical group was significantly different in specific enzymatic activity of Cp as compared to control group. Besides this, the specific enzymatic activity of Cp was moderately but significantly correlated with serum Cu level in control group but did not reveal conclusive evidence in clinical population.

Differences in plasma concentration of acylethanolanydes and acylglycerols in paired samples of bipolar patients and first- and second-degree relatives

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S340-S340
Author(s):  
P. Romero-Sanchiz ◽  
J. Guzman-Parra ◽  
F. Mayoral-Cleríes ◽  
F. Rivas-Guerrero ◽  
P. Araos-Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Bipolar Patients ◽  
Second Degree

IntroductionEndocannabinoid System (ECS) has been highlighted as one of the most relevant research topics by neurobiologists, pharmacists, basic scientists and clinicians (Skaper and Di Marzo, 2012). Recent work has associated major depressive disorder with the ECS (Ashton and Moore, 2011). Despite the close relationship between depression and bipolar disorders, as far as we know, there is no characterization of ECS and congeners in a sample of patients with bipolar disorders.Aims and objectivesThe objective of this work is to characterize the plasma levels of endocannabinoids and congeners in a sample of patients with bipolar disorders.MethodThe clinical group was composed by 19 patients with a diagnosis of bipolar disorders using SCID-IV (First et al., 1999). The control group was formed by 18 relatives of first- or second-degree of the patients.The following endocannabinoids and congeners were quantified: N-palmitoleoylethanolamide (POEA), N-palmitolylethanolamide (PEA), N-oleoylethanolamide (OEA), N-stearoylethanolamide (SEA), N-arachidonoylethanolamide (AEA), N-dihomo-γ-linolenoylethanolamide (DGLEA), N-docosatetraenoylethanolamide (DEA), N-linoleoylethanolamide (LEA), N-docosahexaenoylethanolamide (DHEA), 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), 2-linoleoylglycerol (2-LG), and 2-oleoylglycerol (2-OG).ResultsThe result showed statistically significant lower levels of AEA, DEA and DHEA in clinical sample. Previous research also identified lower levels of AEA in depressed women (Hill et al., 2008, 2009). Until date, it is unknown if DEA and DHEA have some effect on EC receptors, and whether they have some direct effects on endocannabinoids.ConclusionsIt would be necessary to carry our other research with a larger sample, which could allow the control of potential confounding variables.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Resilience of Adolescents Diagnosed with Anxiety and Their Parents in Clinical Sample

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Krisztina Törő ◽  
Szabolcs Takács ◽  
Gábor Csikós
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Psychiatric Problem ◽  
Resilience Scale ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Psychological Difficulties

Anxiety disorder is the most frequent psychiatric problem among children and adolescents. Research proved that resilience can be a protective factor in coping with psychological difficulties. Our research focuses on these aspects of resilience. Aims: We aimed to investigate the resilience and anxiety level of families with adolescents who were diagnosed with anxiety disorders. The clinical sample included 40 adolescents who were diagnosed with anxiety disorders and who received ambulant treatment. (18 boys and 22 girls; age: M=13.37 years, SD=1.46). Members of the control group were recruited from schools and they were normally developing adolescents without any psychiatric diagnosis. (18 boys and 19 girls, age: M=13.7 years; SD=1.56) DASS-21, Ten items Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and self-made demographic sheet were used. Regarding the resilience, a Significant difference was found between the clinical and the sample group both among the mothers and their children. However, in the case of fathers, no discrepancy was found. Our results suggest that there is a significant, moderate positive relationship between the resilience of the mother and their children. Nevertheless, similar mechanisms in the fathers’ case cannot be registered. In the control group, the fathers’ perception of their child’s resilience proved to be the strongest predictive factor (beta=0,495). On the contrary in the clinical group, the maternal perception was more accurate. (beta=0,06). Resilience can serve as a protective factor against anxiety. Our results can be useful for practitioners and draw attention to the importance of intrafamily mechanisms in coping with anxiety and mood disorders.

scholarly journals Perception of emotions as a predictor of social functioning and the quality of life in patients with schizophrenia

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-185
Author(s):  
Branko Ristić ◽  
Borjanka Batinić
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Perception Of Emotions ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Perception of emotions is an important aspect of social functioning and the quality of life, and its deficit has been consistently found in people with schizophrenia. Aim: To obtain better understanding of the relationship and predictability between the perception of emotions, social functioning and the quality of life in people with schizophrenia. Method: The sample comprised 64 respondents (the clinical and the control group consisting of 32 subjects each, equal in terms of gender, age and education). Perception of emotions was measured using the test of speed and accuracy of perception of facial expression, while social functioning and the quality of life were measured via self-assessment questionnaires. The research was exploratory and non-experimental correlational. Results: In both the clinical and control groups, the perception of emotions is positively correlated with social functioning and the quality of life. Still, the direction of predictivity remains unclear due to the complexity of relationships. Compared to the control group, there was a deficit in the domains of perception of emotional expression, social functioning and the quality of life in the clinical group. The deficit in the perception of emotions in patients with schizophrenia is global and affects all emotions, while it is most pronounced when it comes to the emotions of surprise and anger. Conclusions: The obtained findings indicate that the understanding of the lack of functioning in people with schizophrenia should be sought, among other things, in the relation between the perception of emotions, social functioning and the quality of life in order to gain a better insight into choosing the proper line of treatment with the aim of improving the overall well-being of the patients.

scholarly journals An Exploration of Differences Between Deliberate Self-Harm with and without Suicidal Intent Amongst a Clinical Sample of Young People in Singapore: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1429
Author(s):  
Ellaisha Samari ◽  
Shazana Shahwan ◽  
Edimansyah Abdin ◽  
YunJue Zhang ◽  
Rajeswari Sambasivam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Young People ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Suicidal Intent ◽  
Deliberate Self Harm ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
Self Harm

This study examined differences between young people with mental illness who engage in deliberate self-harm with and without suicidal intent, as well as socio-demographic and clinical factors that are related to the increased likelihood of suicide attempt amongst self-harming young people. A total of 235 outpatients with mental illness who had engaged in deliberate self-harm were recruited from a tertiary psychiatric hospital in Singapore. Participants completed a self-report questionnaire which collected information on their socio-demographic background, self-harm history, diagnosis, depressive symptoms and childhood trauma. A total of 31.1% had reported a history of attempted suicide. Multiple logistic regression conducted found that engaging in self-harm ideation between 1 and 7 days (OR = 4.3, p = 0.30), and more than 1 week (OR = 10.5, p < 0.001) (versus no engagement in any self-harm ideation at all), were significantly associated with greater likelihood of attempted suicide. This study reports a relatively high prevalence rate of reported suicide attempts amongst young people with mental illness who engaged in self-harm. Identifying self-harm behaviors and treating it early could be the first step in managing potential suicidal behaviors among those who engage in self-harm.

Videogame Play and Wellbeing Among a First Episode Psychosis Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (CHI PLAY) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Daniel Johnson ◽  
Victoria Gore-Jones ◽  
Frances Dark ◽  
Stephen D. Parker ◽  
Sharon Foley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
Need Satisfaction ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Harmonious Passion ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Relationship

With ongoing interest in the relationship between videogame and mental health alongside recent focus on gaming's role in coping with stressful life events, we sought to explore the relationship between videogame play and wellbeing among people experiencing their first episode of psychosis. Specifically, we aimed to explore the associations between videogame play and wellbeing among consumers of a first episode psychosis (FEP) service and further to compare their motivations for play, need satisfaction, passion for play and wellbeing to a control group. A sample of 88 people experiencing FEP (57 who played videogames and 31 who did not) and a control sample of 46 (all of whom played videogames) completed a survey containing a range of questionnaires related to the variables of interest. Key findings include that among those experiencing FEP, people who played videogames reported better wellbeing outcomes than those who did not. Among participants who played videogames, the FEP sample reported lower levels of need satisfaction through gaming, lower levels of harmonious passion, higher levels of external types of motivation and lower levels of internal types of motivation for play than the control group. Finally, the relationships between passion orientation (both harmonious and obsessive) and psychological distress were stronger in the control group than the FEP sample, suggesting that passion for gaming may be less influential on wellbeing for those experiencing FEP.

Prevalence and Predictors of Physically Self-Destructive Acts over Time

2018 ◽  
pp. 87-98
Author(s):  
Mary C. Zanarini
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Survival Strategies ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Self Mutilation ◽  
Suicide Threats ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Over Time

Self-mutilation and help-seeking suicide threats and attempts are among the few almost pathognomonic symptoms of BPD. This chapter assesses predictors of self-harm and reasons for self-harm over time. It also assesses predictors of suicide threats and attempts over the years of prospective follow-up. Each outcome has a different set of multivariate predictors, but some appear in several multivariate models. More specifically, sexual adversity in childhood and adulthood, major depression, and severity of dissociation are predictors of self-mutilation; and sexual adversity in adulthood, major depression, and severity of dissociation are predictors of suicide attempts. However, these factors do not play a role in predicting suicide threats. Instead, two dysphoric affective states and two outmoded interpersonal survival strategies are the best set of predictors of suicide threats.

C-44 Exploring the Criterion Validity of the WISC-IV in a Clinically Referred Sample of Children in Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1073-1073
Author(s):  
A Giudicessi ◽  
C Ibarra ◽  
V Visconti ◽  
A Zenit ◽  
H Pelayo
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Behavior Disorder ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Criterion Validity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Neuropsychological Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
Clinically Referred ◽  
Healthy Control

Abstract Objective The Weschler Scale of Intelligence (WISC-IV) is one of the most commonly used measures in the neuropsychological evaluation of children. Little published research utilizes the WISC-IV in diverse populations outside the US. The objective of this study was to examine the criterion validity of the WISC-IV’s subtests and index scores in a clinically referred sample in Mexico. Methods The present study included 86 participants, 35 clinical patients referred for neuropsychological evaluation for persistent learning difficulties at a public clinic and 51 healthy control children enrolled in public school with a GPA of 3.0-4.0 in Puebla, Mexico. Participants were between the ages of 7-12. None of the children in our clinical group had a formal diagnosis of any learning or behavior disorder, this was the first experience seeking neuropsychological evaluation. The WISC-IV was administered to all participants as part of the evaluation process. Informed consent was obtained prior to evaluation. Results Independent sample T-Tests show no significant differences in Full-Scale IQ average (FSIQ) between the clinical sample (M = 75.40, SD = 11.81) and control group (M = 79.73, SD = 10.36). Descriptive statistics for indices and subtests can be found in Table 1. Conclusions Our results demonstrate low average IQ for both groups, indicating further research is needed in understanding the criterion validity of the WISC-IV when applied to clinical populations in Mexico. Furthermore, because we were unable to explain below average scores in the control group by any confounding variable, future studies comparing the Mexican standardization of the WISC-IV with our data before utilizing as clinical evaluation tool is recommended.

scholarly journals The Relation of Dysfunctional Cognitive Schemas and Personality Dimensions in Generalized Anxiety Disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 183-189
Author(s):  
Cosmin Octavian Popa ◽  
Adrian V. Rus ◽  
Cathleen Skinner ◽  
Zsolt S. Jakab
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Cognitive Schemas ◽  
Personality Dimensions ◽  
Age Range

AbstractObjective: This study investigated whether differences exist in the structural personality dimensions and eighteen maladaptive cognitive schemas among in- and out-patients (Clinical Group) diagnosed with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and people from the general population without any psychiatric diagnostic (Control Group).Methods: The Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) sample (N = 100) included 35 (35%) men and 65 (65%) women, with a mean age of 36.4 years (SD = 10.86; age range 18-69). The control sample (N = 100), included 28 (28%) men and 72 (72%) women, with a mean age of 27.1 years (SD = 9.8; age range 19-60). Data were simultaneously analyzed with one-way multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) to measure the effect of group membership on personality dimensions and on dysfunctional cognitive schemas, controlling for participants' age. Next, univariate analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs) were done on each item with covariate-adjusted post-hoc comparisons.Results: The results indicate that the Clinical Group participants had unfavorable scores on all five personality dimensions (i.e., Openness, Extraversion; Conscientiousness; Agreeability; and Emotional Stability - Neuroticism) and for almost all of the dysfunctional cognitive schemas in comparison with participants in the Control Group.Conclusions: These results have general implications in understanding Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) clients and their personality characteristic's profile and dysfunctional/maladaptive cognitive schemas.

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