Impact of Voice Pitch on Text Memory

2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hede Helfrich ◽  
Philipp Weidenbecher
Keyword(s):  
Linear Correlation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Learning Material ◽  
Voice Pitch ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Text Memory ◽  
Original Speech ◽  
Stimulus Materials

Previous research on communication has demonstrated that the quality of a speaker’s voice affects the attitude of the audience toward the speaker. The present study aimed to find out whether the pitch of a speaker’s voice affects the listener’s memory for the contents of the texts read. Stimulus materials consisted of three different texts spoken by different male speakers in different average pitches (measured as F0 in Hz). The original speech samples were digitally manipulated to produce predefined pitches. Both original and manipulated texts were then presented to participants as learning material. The results indicate a linear correlation between pitch and speaker rating in so far as low-pitched voices were rated more positively than high-pitched voices. Concerning the retention of content, it was shown that, in long-term memory, both high- and low-pitched voices led to better results than medium-pitched voices. This result was independent of whether the speech samples represented natural or manipulated voices.

scholarly journals Cognitive profile of patients with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-547
Author(s):  
Vanessa Brzoskowski dos Santos ◽  
Jonas Alex Morales Saute ◽  
Laís Alves Jacinto-Scudeiro ◽  
Annelise Ayres ◽  
Rafaela Soares Rech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Cognitive Profile ◽  
Life Assessment ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory

ABSTRACT Although it is predominantly a muscular disease, impairments in the central nervous system in patients with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) have been described in the literature. Objective: To describe the cognitive profile of patients with FSHD and to correlate the impairments found with clinical variables and quality of life. Methods: Cross-sectional and case–control study that evaluated FSHD patients using a series of cognitive assessments (Mini-Mental State Examination — MMSE, Montreal Cognitive Assessment — MoCA, verbal fluency with phonological restriction — FAS, categorical verbal fluency — FAS-cat, trail-making test — TMT, and Rey’s Verbal Auditory Learning Test); a neurological severity scale (Gardner–Medwin–Walton — GMWS); and a quality of life measurement tool (Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey). Results: Individuals with FSHD (13) and healthy controls (26) were paired by gender and age. Significant differences between case and control groups were found in MMSE, TMT A, and A7 (p≤0.05) and MOCA (p≤0.001) performances. A positive correlation was verified in long-term memory impairments and the age in which symptoms appear (r=-0.593, p=0.033). Regarding quality of life assessment, the emotional domain correlated to MEEM (r=0.657, p=0.015), TMT A (r=-0.601, p=0.030), and A7 (r=0.617, p=0.025) performances. Conclusions: Individuals with FSHD presented mild impairments in the performance of tasks that involve attention, planning, and long-term memory functions. Those impairments were associated neither with the disease duration nor with its neurological severity.

First-Letter Clues in the Retrieval of Proper Names from Long-Term Memory

1968 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 851-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Hopkins ◽  
R. C. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Proper Names ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
High Association ◽  
Discrete Trials ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Degree Of Association ◽  
Stimulus Materials ◽  
Proportion Correct

Each of four experiments required retrieval of proper names from long-term memory. In Exps. I and II a picture of a well-known person was presented on each of a series of discrete trials and S was to say, as rapidly as possible, the surname of the person pictured. on each trial of Exps. III and IV S was given a book title, or titles, and asked to say the surname of the author. In some of the conditions the first letter of the target name was provided, and in some it was not. The results of each experiment indicated a small, but reliable, facilitation of name recall by a first-letter clue; the magnitude of the effect was independent of the class of stimulus materials and of other experimental conditions. In Exp. III, three titles corresponding to each author were rank-ordered by S according to their degree of association with the author. Exp. IV indicated that the proportion correct was higher and that the latency of correct responses was shorter, when a single-title stimulus was of high association with the author than when that association was of low strength. The clue effect in the latter experiment did not interact with the degree of association between the title and the author. It was suggested that the clue effect was not larger because, for those names he was likely to recall, S had considerable first-letter information available before presentation of the clue.

scholarly journals Mental Mechanisms for Topics Identification

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Louis Massey
Keyword(s):  
Baseline Level ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Decay Rates ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Neural Activation ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Term Memory

Topics identification (TI) is the process that consists in determining the main themes present in natural language documents. The current TI modeling paradigm aims at acquiring semantic information from statistic properties of large text datasets. We investigate the mental mechanisms responsible for the identification of topics in a single document given existing knowledge. Our main hypothesis is that topics are the result of accumulated neural activation of loosely organized information stored in long-term memory (LTM). We experimentally tested our hypothesis with a computational model that simulates LTM activation. The model assumes activation decay as an unavoidable phenomenon originating from the bioelectric nature of neural systems. Since decay should negatively affect the quality of topics, the model predicts the presence of short-term memory (STM) to keep the focus of attention on a few words, with the expected outcome of restoring quality to a baseline level. Our experiments measured topics quality of over 300 documents with various decay rates and STM capacity. Our results showed that accumulated activation of loosely organized information was an effective mental computational commodity to identify topics. It was furthermore confirmed that rapid decay is detrimental to topics quality but that limited capacity STM restores quality to a baseline level, even exceeding it slightly.

scholarly journals Similar Profile and Magnitude of Cognitive Impairments in Focal and Generalized Epilepsy: A Pilot Study

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Gauffin ◽  
Anne-Marie Landtblom ◽  
Patrick Vigren ◽  
Andreas Frick ◽  
Maria Engström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Focal Epilepsy ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Generalized Epilepsy

Introduction: Cognitive impairments in epilepsy are not well-understood. In addition, long-term emotional, interpersonal, and social consequences of the underlying disturbances are important to evaluate.Purpose: To compare cognitive function including language in young adults with focal or generalized epilepsy. In addition, quality of life and self-esteem were investigated.Patients and Methods: Young adults with no primary intellectual disability, 17 with focal epilepsy and 11 with generalized epilepsy participated and were compared to 28 healthy controls. Groups were matched on age (mean = 26 years), sex, and education. Participants were administered a battery of neuropsychological tasks and carried out self-ratings of quality of life, self-esteem, and psychological problems.Results: Similar impairments regarding cognitive function were noted in focal and generalized epilepsy. The cognitive domains tested were episodic long-term memory, executive functions, attention, working memory, visuospatial functions, and language. Both epilepsy groups had lower results compared to controls (effect sizes 0.24–1.07). The total number of convulsive seizures was predictive of episodic long-term memory function. Participants with focal epilepsy reported lower quality of life than participants with generalized epilepsy. Lowered self-esteem values were seen in both epilepsy groups and particularly in those with focal epilepsy. Along with measures of cognitive speed and depression, the total number of seizures explained more than 50% of variation in quality of life.Conclusion: Interestingly, similarities rather than differences characterized the widespread cognitive deficits that were seen in focal and generalized epilepsy, ranging from mild to moderate. These similarities were modified by quality of life and self-esteem. This study confirms the notion that epilepsy is a network disorder.

Age Differences in Organization and Recall: An Analysis of Rehearsal Processes

1982 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 919-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Jackson ◽  
H. G. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Rehearsal Strategies ◽  
Effect Of Age

Organizational processing and free recall in younger (mean age = 18.0 yr.) and older (mean age = 71.9 yr.) adults were examined in an overt rehearsal procedure monitoring spontaneous rehearsal strategies. Subjects learned one of two equivalent lists of 18 unrelated nouns. Although a significant interaction of age × list was obtained in total recall, significant age differences in recall from long-term memory were associated with quality of rehearsal. No significant effect of age emerged in subjective organization or frequency of item rehearsal. Younger adults, recalling more, tended to rehearse in an active fashion by rehearsing the currently displayed item with several others. Results provide direct evidence that the elderly may suffer from a decrement in organizational processing in long-term memory with unstructured material, possibly stemming more from acquisition than retrieval-related mechanisms.

scholarly journals Long-term memory of relative reward values

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 20160853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Soldati ◽  
Oliver H. P. Burman ◽  
Elizabeth A. John ◽  
Thomas W. Pike ◽  
Anna Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cues ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Relative Value ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Key Resources

Long-term memory can be adaptive as it allows animals to retain information that is crucial for survival, such as the appearance and location of key resources. This is generally examined by comparing choices of stimuli that have value to the animal with those that do not; however, in nature choices are rarely so clear cut. Animals are able to assess the relative value of a resource via direct comparison, but it remains unclear whether they are able to retain this information for a biologically meaningful amount of time. To test this, captive red-footed tortoises ( Chelonoidis carbonaria ) were first trained to associate visual cues with specific qualities and quantities of food, and their preferences for the different reward values determined. They were then retested after an interval of 18 months. We found that the tortoises were able to retain the information they had learned about the cues as indicators of relative reward values over this interval, demonstrating a memory for the relative quantity and quality of food over an extended period of time. This is likely to impact directly on an animal's foraging decisions, such as the exploitation of seasonally varying resources, with obvious fitness implications for the individual; however, the implications may also extend to the ecological interactions in which the animal is involved, affecting processes such as herbivory and seed dispersal.

scholarly journals A modulatory effect of male voice pitch on long-term memory in women: evidence of adaptation for mate choice?

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Smith ◽  
Benedict C. Jones ◽  
David R. Feinberg ◽  
Kevin Allan
Keyword(s):  
Mate Choice ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Voice Pitch ◽  
Male Voice ◽  
Term Memory

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Implementation Warmer Apperception to Construct the Conceptual Understanding on the Learning Material of Vector

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Riska Nur Rohmah ◽  
Dwi Priyo Utomo ◽  
Zukhrufurrohmah Zukhrufurrohmah
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Positive Response ◽  
Response Category ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Learning Material ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Observation Results

One of the learning stages is apperception. Warmer apperception is an activity that conducted to make the students’ knowledge to be stored in long-term memory. This research aimed at: 1) describing the learning implementation using Warmer apperception to construct a conceptual understanding in the vector material, 2) determining the effectiveness of the implementation of Warmer apperception to construct a conceptual understanding in the vector material. The effectiveness of learning using Warmer apperception could be seen from: 1) the observation of learning implementation using Warmer apperception that indicated a minimum of the sufficient category; 2) the students’ response questionnaire indicated a minimum of positive response category; and 3) the test results of students’ conceptual understanding indicated a minimum of quite a good category. The subjects of this research were the students of 10th grade of Mathematics and Natural Science (MIA) at Senior High School (SMA) of Muhammadiyah 3 Batu, in which it consisted of 21 students. Based on the research conducted, it was obtained that the observation results of learning implementation using Warmer apperception got a very good category, the questionnaire results obtained a positive response category, and the test results of students’ conceptual understanding got a quite good category. Thus, the implementation of Warmer apperception to construct a conceptual understanding of the vector material is effective..

Effects of supporting facilities on memory loss among older people with dementia in care and attention homes

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 438-448
Author(s):  
Mei-yung Leung ◽  
Chendi Wang ◽  
Timothy CY Kwok
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
People With Dementia

Supporting facilities (SF) including handrails, signage, finishes, furniture and recreational facilities facilitate the daily life of older persons. Memory loss is one of the most common signs of dementia affecting the daily life of older persons. Therefore, they may need special SF in residential homes. In order to improve the quality of daily life of older people with dementia, this study aims to investigate the effects of SF on the memory loss of those living in care and attention (C&A) homes. A questionnaire survey was conducted among elderly C&A home residents aged 65 and above in Hong Kong. A Supporting Facilities-Memory Loss model was established based on correlation and regression analyses. The model confirmed the following: (1) none of the SF items affects long-term memory loss; (2) satisfaction with signage, finishes and furniture leads to a reduction of short-term memory loss; (3) satisfaction with handrails, signage and finishes enhances spatial memory and (4) satisfaction with the location of signage reduces time confusion. Practical recommendations are proposed, including using large and well-placed signage with pictograms and icons, avoiding the removal and modification of furniture, enhancing colour contrasts between different functional rooms, installing handrails with a consideration for orientation strategies, and so on.

Conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) supports core claims of Christiansen and Chater

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Rapid Serial Visual Presentation ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Use Of Knowledge

AbstractRapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of words or pictured scenes provides evidence for a large-capacity conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) that momentarily provides rich associated material from long-term memory, permitting rapid chunking (Potter 1993; 2009; 2012). In perception of scenes as well as language comprehension, we make use of knowledge that briefly exceeds the supposed limits of working memory.

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