Cardiovascular Responses to Stress Utilizing Anticipatory Singing Tasks

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Owen Jump ◽  
Samantha Dockray
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiovascular Reactivity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Stress Induction ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Constituent Elements

Abstract. Models of psychobiological stress reactivity have a foundation in the measurement of responses to standardized stress tasks. Tasks with anticipatory phases have been proposed as an effective method of stress induction, either as a stand-alone task or replacement constituent elements for existing stressor paradigms. Tasks utilizing singing as a primary stressor have been proposed but the efficacy of these tasks have not been demonstrated while maintaining adherence to a resting/reactivity/recovery framework desirable for heart rate variability (HRV) measurement. This study examines the viability of an anticipatory sing-a-song task as a method for inducing mental stress and examines the utility of the task with specific reference to measures of cardiovascular reactivity and recovery activity, and standard protocols to examine HRV reactivity and recovery. Participants completed a dual task with a math task and an anticipation of singing component. Responses were examined according to a resting/reactivity/recovery paradigm and the findings indicate that the sing-a-song stimulus is effective in generating a stress response. Significant differences in heart rate and self-reported stress between baseline and stressor conditions were detected, with greater magnitude differences between baseline and anticipatory phases. This study has demonstrated the viability of the anticipation of singing as a standardized stressor using cardiovascular measures and has described variants of this task that may be used for repeated measures study designs.

Cardiovascular Reactivity in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder With High- or Low-Level Depressive Symptoms

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei-Yeh Wang ◽  
Chen-Huan Chiu ◽  
Hsin-Chien Lee ◽  
Chien-Tien Su ◽  
Pei-Shan Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Cardiovascular Reactivity ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Cardiac Events ◽  
Heart Rate Reactivity ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Adverse Cardiac Events

Depression increases the risk of adverse cardiac events. Cardiovascular reactivity is defined as the pattern of cardiovascular responses to mental stress. An altered pattern of cardiovascular reactivity is an indicator of subsequent cardiovascular disease. Because depression and adverse cardiac events may have a dose-dependent association, this study examined the differences in cardiovascular reactivity to mental stress between patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) with high depression levels and those with low depression levels. Moreover, autonomic nervous system regulation is a highly plausible biological mechanism for the pattern of cardiovascular reactivity to mental stress. The association between cardiovascular reactivity and parameters of heart rate variability (HRV), an index for quantifying autonomic nervous system activity modulation, was thus examined. This study included 88 patients with MDD. HRV was measured before stress induction. The Stroop Color and Word Test and mirror star-tracing task were used to induce mental stress. We observed no significant association between depressive symptom level and any of the cardiovascular reactivity parameters. Cardiovascular reactivity to mental stress was comparable between patients with MDD with high-level depressive symptoms and those with low-level depressive symptoms. After adjusting for confounding variables, the high-frequency domain of HRV was found to be an independent predictor of the magnitude of heart rate reactivity (β = −.33, p = .002). In conclusion, the magnitude of cardiovascular reactivity may be independent of depression severity in patients with MDD. The autonomic regulation of cardiovascular responses to mental stress primarily influences heart rate reactivity in patients with MDD.

Is 'Not Different' Enough to Conclude Similar Cardiovascular Responses Across Sexes?

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myles W. O'Brien ◽  
Derek S. Kimmerly
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
P Value ◽  
Equivalence Testing ◽  
Cardiovascular Research ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Study Designs

The number of research studies investigating whether similar or different cardiovascular responses or adaptations exist between males and females are increasing. Traditionally, difference-based statistical methods (e.g., t-test, ANOVA, etc.) have been implemented to compare cardiovascular function between males and females, with a P-value >0.05 used to denote similarity between sexes. However, an absence of evidence (i.e., large P-value) is not evidence of absence (i.e., no sex differences). Equivalence testing determines whether two measures or groups provide statistically equivalent outcomes, in that they differ by less than an 'ideally prespecified' smallest effect size of interest. Our perspective discusses the applicability and utility of integrating equivalence testing when conducting sex comparisons in cardiovascular research. An emphasis is placed on how cardiovascular researchers may conduct equivalence testing across multiple study designs (e.g., cross-sectional comparisons, repeated measures intervention, etc.). The strengths and weaknesses of this statistical tool are discussed. Equivalence analyses are relatively simple to conduct, may be used in conjunction with traditional hypothesis testing to interpret findings, and permits the determination of statistically equivalent responses between sexes. We recommend that cardiovascular researchers consider implementing equivalence testing to better our understanding of similar and different cardiovascular processes between sexes.

Effects of Stimuli on Cardiovascular Reactivity Occurring at Regular Intervals During Mental Stress

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmut Karl Lackner ◽  
Nandu Goswami ◽  
Helmut Hinghofer-Szalkay ◽  
Ilona Papousek ◽  
Hermann Scharfetter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Cardiovascular Reactivity ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Mental Arithmetic ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Mental Task ◽  
Transient Effects

Studies examining the direct effects of stimuli needed to perform mental stress tasks such as instructor commands at regular intervals during the mental task are limited to date. Because of the comprehensive effects of different stimuli, we studied the effect of short instructor commands occurring at regular intervals on the behavior of the cardiovascular system during two different types of tasks. Continuous beat-to-beat heart rate and blood pressure, respiration, thoracic impedance, skin conductance, and peripheral temperature were measured in 20 healthy females during a cancellation test of attention (stimuli interval of 20 s) and during mental arithmetic tasks (stimuli interval of 120 s). The transient effects of the stimuli on measures in the time domain as well as the effects of stimulus intervals on measures in the frequency domain (using spectral analysis) were examined. Instructor commands caused increases in several cardiovascular variables and in skin conductance. SBP (systolic blood pressure) and DBP (diastolic blood pressure) showed a significant stimulus response only during the mental arithmetic tasks. An effect of instructor commands at regular intervals was seen in the spectral analysis at 0.05 Hz (cancellation test of attention) and 1/120 Hz (mental arithmetic), according to the stimulus intervals of 20 s and 120 s used in these tasks. The findings suggest that even simple instructor commands given during high mental task load had a strong impact and can considerably influence measures of cardiovascular reactivity. The effects of paced stimuli should be considered when interpreting cardiovascular responses to task conditions with constant stimulus intervals.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Responses, Perceived Exertion and Technical Actions During Small-Sided Recreational Soccer: Effects of Pitch Size and Number of Players

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 95-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alper Aslan
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Heart Rate Reserve ◽  
Match Play ◽  
Effective Activity ◽  
Small Pitch

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the cardiovascular, perceived exertion and technical effects of altering pitch size and number of players in recreational soccer match-play. The further aim was to evaluate to what extent exercise intensity during various game formats corresponds to the recommended intensity level for cardiovascular fitness improvement. Ten male recreational players aged 31.7±7.6 years (mean ± SD) completed four variations of smallsided games (except for goalkeepers, 5-a-side and 7-a-side on small and large pitches) during which heart rate, perceived exertion and technical actions were evaluated. Two-way analysis of variance on repeated measures was applied to collected data. The results indicated that an average workload expressed as heart rate and percentage of heart rate reserve during 5-a-side games was higher than for 7-a-side games. The rate of perceived exertion values were moderate and similar for all formats of games. The players performed more dribbling and successful passes, but fewer unsuccessful passes during 5-a-side games. Furthermore, the number of ball possessions and unsuccessful passes was higher on a small pitch than on a large one. Consequently, the current findings suggest that, independent of pitch size, the cardiovascular demands imposed on participants increase when the game is played with fewer players. However, all formats of recreational soccer can be used as an effective activity to promote cardiovascular fitness. Finally, participants may have more chance to perform basic technical actions during 5-a-side games on small and large pitches.

Effects of Clonidine and Hydrochlorothiazide on the Cardiovascular Response to Mental Stress in Adolescent Hypertension

1982 ◽  
Vol 63 (s8) ◽  
pp. 455s-458s ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonita Falkner ◽  
Gaddo Onesti ◽  
Melton B. Affrime ◽  
David T. Lowenthal
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Plasma Noradrenaline ◽  
Lower Plasma ◽  
Adrenergic Activity

1. The effects of clonidine and hydrochlorothiazide on the cardiovascular responses to mental stess were compared in 29 adolescents with essential hypertension. 2. Clonidine therapy was associated with lower diastolic pressures, heart rate and noradrenaline in response to mental stress. By contrast, hydrochlorothiazide resulted in the reduction of systolic pressure only. The mental stress testing produced a greater absolute diastolic pressure response and higher plasma noradrenaline on hydrochlorothiazide therapy. 3. Juveniles with essential hypertension may be more sensitive to central control of blood pressure and more resistant to diuretics. 4. The reduced diastolic pressure and heart rate response to central stimuli during clonidine therapy may be related to decreased adrenergic activity, as indicated by lower plasma noradrenaline.

scholarly journals Acute mental stress elicits delayed increases in circulating inflammatory cytokine levels

2001 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew STEPTOE ◽  
Gonneke WILLEMSEN ◽  
Natalie OWEN ◽  
Louise FLOWER ◽  
Vidya MOHAMED-ALI
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Free Cortisol

The influence of acute mental stress on cardiovascular responses andconcentrations of inflammatory cytokines up to 2 h later was assessed in 12 subjects exposed to stress and in eight control subjects. Beat-by-beat recordings of finger blood pressure and heart rate were made at rest and during two behavioural tasks (colour–word interference and mirror tracing). Blood was drawn after adaptation and at 45 min and 2 h after the tasks, and assayed for interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), C-reactive protein (CRP) and haematocrit. Saliva was sampled periodically and assayed for free cortisol. The tasks were rated as stressful by the participants. The stress group showed significant increases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mean rises of 16.4±12.3 and 12.6±6.9 mmHg respectively) and heart rate (5.39±5.3 beats/min); these values returned to baseline during the recovery period. The IL-6 concentration was increased by 56% at 2 h after the tasks (P< 0.05), while IL-1Ra was increased by 12.3% (P< 0.01). No changes in cardiovascular variables or cytokine concentrations were observed in the control subjects, and haematocrit did not change. The magnitude of blood pressure responses during tasks was correlated positively with the IL-6 concentration after 45 min (r = 0.70, P< 0.05), and with the IL-1Ra concentration after 2 h (r = 0.63, P< 0.05). Increases in TNF-α after 2 h were correlated with heart rate responses to tasks (r = 0.66, P< 0.05). Associations between IL-6 and IL-1Ra concentrations were also recorded. This study indicates that inflammatory cytokines respond to acute mental stress in humans with delayed increases, and suggest that individual differences in cytokine responses are associated with sympathetic reactivity.

scholarly journals Influence of Forest Therapy on Cardiovascular Relaxation in Young Adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juyoung Lee ◽  
Yuko Tsunetsugu ◽  
Norimasa Takayama ◽  
Bum-Jin Park ◽  
Qing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cardiovascular Reactivity ◽  
Parasympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Forest Environment

Background. Despite increasing attention toward forest therapy as an alternative medicine, very little evidence continues to be available on its therapeutic effects. Therefore, this study was focused on elucidating the health benefits of forest walking on cardiovascular reactivity.Methods. Within-group comparisons were used to examine the cardiovascular responses to walking in forest and urban environments. Forty-eight young adult males participated in the two-day field research. Changes in heart rate variability, heart rate, and blood pressure were measured to understand cardiovascular reactivity. Four different questionnaires were used to investigate the changes in psychological states after walking activities.Results. Forest walking significantly increased the values of ln(HF) and significantly decreased the values of ln(LF/HF) compared with the urban walking. Heart rate during forest walking was significantly lower than that in the control. Questionnaire results showed that negative mood states and anxiety levels decreased significantly by forest walking compared with urban walking.Conclusion. Walking in the forest environment may promote cardiovascular relaxation by facilitating the parasympathetic nervous system and by suppressing the sympathetic nervous system. In addition, forest therapy may be effective for reducing negative psychological symptoms.

scholarly journals Erratum to: Effects of Mental Stress Induction on Heart Rate Variability in Patients with Panic Disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-95
Author(s):  
Katja Petrowski ◽  
Susann Wichmann ◽  
Timo Siepmann ◽  
Gloria-Beatrice Wintermann ◽  
Stefan R. Bornstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Stress Induction

CARDIOVASCULAR REACTIVITY IN ANAEMIC DOGS

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-337
Author(s):  
M. A. Chiong ◽  
J. D. Hatcher
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiovascular Reactivity ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Electrolyte Disturbances ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Blood Exchange ◽  
Rapid Production ◽  
Arterial Plasma

Cardiovascular responses to the intravenous administration of adrenaline were measured as a means of assessing cardiovascular reactivity in intact anaesthetized dogs, before and at 3 hours and 3 days after the rapid production of anaemia by a dextran-for-blood exchange. Three types of experiments were carried out. In experiments A and B, 2.0 and 5.0 μg/kg of adrenaline (respectively) were injected intravenously before and at both periods after exchange, and the changes in arterial blood pressure were assessed. In experiment B the changes in the arterial plasma concentration of potassium and sodium were also measured. In experiment C, several cardiovascular parameters, including cardiac output (Fick method), arterial pressure, and heart rate, were measured before and at the end of a 15-minute infusion of adrenaline in a dose of 0.2 μg/kg minute. In all three experiments, evidence of a reduced cardiovascular response to adrenaline was found when the dogs were anaemic; and in experiment B the adrenaline-induced hyperkalaemia and hyponatraemia were found to be significantly reduced during anaemia.The mechanism of the hyporeactivity to adrenaline during anaemia is not clear, but may include changes in blood volume, electrolyte disturbances, and severe anoxia.

Effect of Aerobic Fitness on the Physiological Stress Response in Women

1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Summers ◽  
M. Kathleen B. Lustyk ◽  
Margaret Heitkemper ◽  
Monica E. Jarrett
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Stress Testing ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Muscle Tension ◽  
Baseline Heart Rate

Stress reactivity was assessed in aerobically fit (n = 14) and unfit (n = 8) females during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Participants completed the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and provided a urine sample for catecholamine analysis before and after mental stress testing, Stroop Color-Word Test. Blood pressure, heart rate, muscle tension, and skin conductance were measured during mental stress testing. Fit and unfit participants differed significantly in baseline heart rate but not in stress reactivity or in state or trait anxiety. These data suggest that aerobic fitness does not attenuate the stress response in women prior to menopause.

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