Factor Structure of the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory for 					Children in an Irish Adolescent Population

Abstract. The Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory for Children (SPAI-C) is a 26-item, empirically derived, self-report measure, which assesses symptoms of social phobia based on DSM-IV criteria. Previous studies have examined the factor structure of the SPAI-C and suggested three-, four-, and five-factor models. However, differences in the underlying factor structures reported may be due to misuse of analytic methods or use of mixed samples, rather than meaningful differences in the underlying presentation of social anxiety. We tested all previously published factor structures in an Irish community-based adolescent sample. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and DSM-5 criteria supported the five-factor structure proposed by Aune, Stiles, and Svarva (2008) including Assertiveness, Physical/Cognitive Symptoms, Public Performance, Social Encounters, and Avoidance factors. Findings suggest that the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory for Children (SPAI-C) is relevant to DSM-5 criteria for social anxiety disorder (SAD) and is appropriate for use with older adolescents outside of the USA.

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Psychometric Properties of the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory for Children in a Spanish Sample

The Spanish Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1017/s1138741600002602 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 961-969 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

José Olivares ◽

Raquel Sánchez-García ◽

José Antonio López-Pina ◽

Ana Isabel Rosa-Alcázar

Keyword(s):

Social Anxiety ◽

Social Phobia ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Public Performance ◽

Structure Reliability ◽

The Social ◽

Social Encounters ◽

Test Retest Reliability

The objectives of the present study were to adapt and analyze the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory for Children (SPAI-C; Beidel, Turner, & Morris, 1995) in a Spanish population. The SPAI-C was applied to a sample of 1588 children and adolescents with ages ranging from 10 to 17 years. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) showed a four-factor structure: Public performance, Assertiveness, Fear and avoidance/escape in social encounters, and Cognitive and psychophysiological interferences. Internal consistency was high (.90) and test-retest reliability was moderate (.56). Significant differences were found in the variables sex and age, although the effect size was small in both variables and their interaction. Overall, the increase of the age value was inversely proportional to that of social anxiety measured with the SPAI-C; in participants of the same age, values were higher for girls than for boys. Results suggest that the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory For Children is a valid and reliable instrument to assess social anxiety in Spanish children and adolescents.

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A Psychometric Evaluation of the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents in an Educational Setting

Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment ◽

10.1177/0734282918816843 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 38 (4) ◽

pp. 519-528

Author(s):

Cliodhna E. M. O’Connor ◽

Amanda Fitzgerald

Keyword(s):

Social Anxiety ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Social Contact ◽

Psychometric Evaluation ◽

Anxiety Scale ◽

Negative Evaluation ◽

Self Report ◽

Educational Setting ◽

The Social ◽

Adolescent Sample

Social anxiety in adolescents oftentimes goes undetected because of the internalized nature of the disorder as well as adolescents’ reluctance to discuss their mental health. A reliable and valid self-report measure for assessing symptoms of social anxiety in adolescents for use in an educational setting is particularly important because of the burden that social anxiety can have in educational settings. This study aimed to test the previously proposed two-factor structure of the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SASA), Apprehension and Fear of Negative Evaluation and Tension and Inhibition in Social Contact, in an adolescent sample ( n = 215; 12-18 years; 90 female) in Ireland using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). CFA validated the two-factor structure of the SASA previously found in Slovenian- and Spanish-speaking samples. Correlations with other measures of social anxiety also showed good validity for the SASA.

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Psychometric Properties of the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory for Children (SPAI-C)

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027/1015-5759/a000090 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 51-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Anna Ogliari ◽

Simona Scaini ◽

Michael J. Kofler ◽

Valentina Lampis ◽

Annalisa Zanoni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Social Phobia ◽

Psychometric Properties ◽

Emotional Disorders ◽

Child Anxiety ◽

Self Report ◽

Public Performance ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽

The Social ◽

General Populations

Reliable and valid self-report questionnaires could be useful as initial screening instruments for social phobia in both clinical settings and general populations. The present study investigates the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory for Children (SPAI-C) in a sample of 228 children from the Italian general population aged 8 to 11. The children were asked to complete the Italian version of the SPAI-C and the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analyses revealed that social phobia can be conceptualized as a unitary construct consisting of five distinct but interrelated symptom clusters named Assertiveness, General Conversation, Physical/Cognitive Symptoms, Avoidance, and Public Performance. Internal consistency of the SPAI-C total scores and two subscales was good; correlations between SPAI-C total scores and SCARED total scores/subscales ranged from moderate to high (Generalized Anxiety Disorder, for social phobia), with the SCARED Social Phobia subscale as the best predictor of SPAI-C total scores. The results indicate that the SPAI-C is a reliable and sensitive instrument suitable for identifying Social Phobia in the young Italian general population.

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The Social Phobia Inventory: Screening and Cross-Cultural Validation in Spanish Adolescents

The Spanish Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1017/s1138741600002614 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 970-980 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Luis Joaquín Garcia-Lopez ◽

Rosa Mª Bermejo ◽

Mª Dolores Hidalgo

Keyword(s):

Anxiety Disorder ◽

Social Anxiety ◽

Social Phobia ◽

Social Anxiety Disorder ◽

Screening Tool ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

Self Report ◽

Principal Diagnosis ◽

Lack Of Information ◽

The Social

Availability of brief, self-report measures to be used as screening instruments is crucial to detect correctly youth with social anxiety disorder and therefore, reach those otherwise under-detected and under-treated. A previous study revealed that the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) was potentially an appropriate measure for screening social anxiety among US adolescents. However, there is a lack of information concerning its properties as a screening test in other cultures and languages. This is the main objective of this study, although further validity of the scale is provided as well. The sample consisted of 192 adolescents (a sample composed of 114 subjects with a principal diagnosis of social anxiety disorder; and a group consisting of 78 subjects with no diagnosis of social phobia). Results suggest that the Social Phobia Inventory has demonstrated good psychometric properties and indeed may be used as a screening tool in Spanish-speaking adolescents.

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Measuring Social Anxiety in 11 Countries

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027/1015-5759/a000014 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 95-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Vicente E. Caballo ◽

Isabel C. Salazar ◽

María Jesús Irurtia ◽

Benito Arias ◽

Stefan G. Hofmann

Keyword(s):

Social Anxiety ◽

Social Phobia ◽

Latin American ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Internal Consistency Reliability ◽

Self Report ◽

Data Collection Process ◽

The Social ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Anxiety Questionnaire

This paper reports on two studies conducted to develop and validate a new self-report measure of social phobia/anxiety – the Social Anxiety Questionnaire for Adults (SAQ-A) (Cuestionario de ansiedad social para adultos, CASO-A). A diary-item recording procedure was used to generate the initial pool of items. In Study 1, data from 12,144 participants provided 6 factors with moderate intercorrelations. Estimates of internal consistency reliability were adequate (range = .86 to .92) for the 6 factors included in the final confirmatory factor analysis. In Study 2, data provided by 10,118 nonclinical participants were used to explore preliminary reliability and validity estimates for a revised version of the SAQ-A – the Social Anxiety Questionnaire for Adults Revised (SAQ-AR). Approximately 106 researchers from 10 Latin American countries and Spain contributed to this data collection process. Specific comments are made on the structure of the new questionnaire as regards some commonly-used self-report measures of social phobia/anxiety.

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Unravelling the phenotypic tangle of autistic, schizotypal and social anxiety traits: A Network Analysis

10.31234/osf.io/hqwm8 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Orestis Zavlis ◽

Myles Jones

Keyword(s):

Network Analysis ◽

Social Anxiety ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Adult Population ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Underlying Structure ◽

Schizotypal Personality ◽

The Social ◽

Trait Level ◽

General Adult Population

Substantial overlap exists between schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders, with part of that overlap hypothesised to be due to comorbid social anxiety. The current paper investigates the interactions and factor structure of these disorders at a personality trait level, through the lens of a network model. The items of the Autism Quotient (AQ), Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire Brief-Revised (SPQ-BR), and the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (L-SAS) were combined and completed by 345 members of the general adult population. An Exploratory Graph Analysis (EGA) on the AQ-SPQ-BR combined inventory revealed two communities (factors), which reflected the general autism and schizotypal phenotypes. An additional EGA on all inventories validated the AQ-SPQ-BR factor structure and revealed another community, Social Anxiety (L-SAS). A Network Analysis (NA) on all inventories revealed several moderately central subscales, which collectively reflected the social-interpersonal impairments of the three disorders. The current results suggest that a combination of recent network- and traditional factor-analytic techniques may present a fruitful approach to understanding the underlying structure as well as relation of different psychopathologies.

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The Social Phobia Scale and the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale: Factor Structure and Reliability in a Spanish-Speaking Population

Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment ◽

10.1177/073428290101900105 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 69-80 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Jose Olivares ◽

Luis Joaquhn García-López ◽

María Dolores Hidalgo

Keyword(s):

Social Interaction ◽

Social Phobia ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Scale Factor ◽

Spanish Speaking ◽

The Social ◽

Social Interaction Anxiety ◽

Social Interaction Anxiety Scale ◽

Spanish Speaking Population ◽

Interaction Anxiety

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Screening Social Anxiety in Adolescents Through the Eyes of Their Carers

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.769006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Luis-Joaquin Garcia-Lopez ◽

Lourdes Espinosa-Fernandez ◽

Jose-Antonio Muela-Martinez ◽

Jose Antonio Piqueras

Keyword(s):

Social Anxiety ◽

Self Report ◽

Socially Anxious ◽

Study Objective ◽

Validity Data ◽

Efficacious Treatment ◽

The Social ◽

Strength Based ◽

And Gender ◽

Different Cultures

Despite the availability of efficacious treatment and screening protocols, social anxiety disorder (SAD) in adolescents is considerably under-detected and undertreated. Our main study objective was to examine a brief, valid, and reliable social anxiety measure already tested to serve as self-report child measure but administered via Internet aimed at listening to the ability of his or her parent to identify social anxiety symptomatology in his or her child. This parent version could be used as a complementary measure to avoid his or her overestimation of children of social anxiety symptomatology using traditional self-reported measures. We examined the psychometric properties of brief and valid social anxiety measure in their parent format and administered via the Internet. The sample included 179 parents/legal guardians of adolescents (67% girls) with a clinical diagnosis of SAD (mean age: 14.27; SD = 1.33). Findings revealed good factor structure, internal consistency, and construct validity. Data support a single, strength-based factor on the SPAIB-P, being structure largely invariant across age and gender. The limited number of adolescents with a performance-only specifier prevented examining the utility of scale to screen for this recently established specifier. It is crucial to evaluate if these results generalize to different cultures and community samples. The findings suggest that the SPAIB-P evidences performance comparable with child-reported measure. Parents can be reliable reports of the social anxiety symptomatology of the adolescent. The SPAIB-P may be useful for identifying clinically disturbed socially anxious adolescents.

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