Short Forms Do Not Fall Short

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice Rammstedt ◽  
Clemens M. Lechner ◽  
Daniel Danner
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Short Scale ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
The One ◽  
Psychometric Quality ◽  
Time Limitations

Abstract. Researchers wishing to assess personality in research settings with severe time limitations typically use short-scale measures of the Big Five. Over the last decade, several such measures have been developed. To guide researchers in choosing the one best suited to their needs, we conducted the present study. Based on a large-scale sample representative of the adult population in Germany, we compared the psychometric properties of three short-scale versions assessing the Big Five: the 10-item BFI-10, the 15-item BFI-2-XS, and the 30-item BFI-2-S. To assess the psychometric quality of these measures, we investigated and compared the descriptive statistics and reliabilities of the scale scores as well as the patterns of factor loadings and the model fit of the instruments as indicators of their factorial validity. As the typical research settings in which these short measures are administered are heterogeneous population samples, we investigated to what degree the resulting Big Five estimates were comparable across major sociodemographic groups (age, gender, and educational strata). Finally, we compared the validity of the three measures for a set of external criteria. Results indicate that the latent Big Five domains can be assessed adequately with all three measures, which were found to have high psychometric quality, with coefficients of mostly comparable size.

scholarly journals Computerised grinding procedure for large scale crankshaft machining

2019 ◽  
Vol 252 ◽  
pp. 01002
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Siemiątkowski
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Computer Monitoring ◽  
The One ◽  
Form Deviation ◽  
Machining Operations ◽  
Product Specifications

The paper describes sequence of machining operations that leads to the desired quality of the produced crankshaft, as well as in-situ inspection, correction and compensation procedures performed and controlled by computer. The form deviation values after correction are being compared with those obtained before. In case of crank pins, values of form deviations, and hence those of corrections, are much larger than for main journals. During the measurement, the probe collects data from 3600 points per revolution, and then averaging procedure reduces data down to 360 points. There are several algorithms for data processing available, so the operator may choose the one most appropriate. Substantial difference between out-of-roundness values of main journals and crank pivot was registered. Before form compensation, the former was between 0.01 and 0.02 mm, while the latter were in range 0.07-0.09 mm. Program of grinding is parametric, i.e. at each stage of the process all values responsible for the tool movement undergo correction. The applied computer monitoring enabled to achieve the demanded quality of grinded surface, as well as dimensions and form deviations in the tolerances set by the product specifications. Form compensation procedure enabled to reduce peak-to-peak deviation from 30.37 μm down to 8.14 μm.

scholarly journals Does personality predict responses to the COVID-19 crisis? Evidence from a prospective large-scale study

2021 ◽  
pp. 089020702199697
Author(s):  
Beatrice Rammstedt ◽  
Clemens M Lechner ◽  
Bernd Weiß
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Daily Routines ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Key Aspects

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly disrupted people’s daily routines and infused their lives with considerable insecurity and uncertainty. However, individuals’ responses to the pandemic vary widely. The present study investigates the role of personality traits for key aspects of people’s responses to the COVID-19 crisis. In a prospective design using a large-scale panel study ( N = 2217) that represents the heterogeneity of the adult population in Germany, we examined whether Big Five domains and facets measured prior to the pandemic predicted individuals’ responses to the pandemic in terms of: (a) perceptions of infection risks; (b) behavioral changes to prevent infection; (c) beliefs in the effectiveness of policy measures to combat the further spread of coronavirus; and (d) trust in relevant policymakers and institutions regarding the handling of coronavirus. Results revealed that personality explained only a small portion (between 0.6% and 3.8%) of the variance in the four outcomes. Nonetheless, several Big Five domains and facets had at least small-to-moderate, and theoretically plausible, associations with the outcomes. Overall, Agreeableness and its Trust facet showed the most robust associations with the four outcomes. Most trait–outcome associations were also robust to controlling for three possible confounders (sex, age, and risk-group membership).

Detecting Differential Rater Functioning in Severity and Centrality: The Dual DRF Facets Model

2021 ◽  
pp. 001316442110432
Author(s):  
Kuan-Yu Jin ◽  
Thomas Eckes
Keyword(s):  
Writing Assessment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Special Kind ◽  
Performance Assessments ◽  
Complex Case ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
Rater Severity ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Psychometric Quality

Performance assessments heavily rely on human ratings. These ratings are typically subject to various forms of error and bias, threatening the assessment outcomes’ validity and fairness. Differential rater functioning (DRF) is a special kind of threat to fairness manifesting itself in unwanted interactions between raters and performance- or construct-irrelevant factors (e.g., examinee gender, rater experience, or time of rating). Most DRF studies have focused on whether raters show differential severity toward known groups of examinees. This study expands the DRF framework and investigates the more complex case of dual DRF effects, where DRF is simultaneously present in rater severity and centrality. Adopting a facets modeling approach, we propose the dual DRF model (DDRFM) for detecting and measuring these effects. In two simulation studies, we found that dual DRF effects (a) negatively affected measurement quality and (b) can reliably be detected and compensated under the DDRFM. Using sample data from a large-scale writing assessment ( N = 1,323), we demonstrate the practical measurement consequences of the dual DRF effects. Findings have implications for researchers and practitioners assessing the psychometric quality of ratings.

scholarly journals Impact of Inter-Gateway Distance on LoRaWAN Performance

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 2197
Author(s):  
Bruno Citoni ◽  
Shuja Ansari ◽  
Qammer Hussain Abbasi ◽  
Muhammad Ali Imran ◽  
Sajjad Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Discrete Event ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Network Simulator ◽  
Packet Collision ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The One ◽  
Best Fit

The large-scale behaviour of LoRaWAN networks has been studied through mathematical analysis and discrete-time simulations to understand their limitations. However, current literature is not always coherent in its assumptions and network setups. This paper proposes a comprehensive analysis of the known causes of packet loss in an uplink-only LoRaWAN network: duty cycle limitations, packet collision, insufficient coverage, and saturation of a receiver’s demodulation paths. Their impact on the overall Quality of Service (QoS) for a two-gateway network is also studied. The analysis is carried out with the discrete-event network simulator NS-3 and is set up to best fit the real behaviour of devices. This approach shows that increasing gateway density is only effective as the gateways are placed at a distance. Moreover, the trade-off between different outage conditions due to the uneven distribution of spreading factors is not always beneficial, diminishing returns as networks grow denser and wider. In particular, networks operating similarly to the one analysed in this paper should specifically avoid SF11 and 12, which decrease the average overall PDR by about 7% at 10% nodes increment across all configurations. The results of this work intend to homogenise behavioural assumptions and setups of future research investigating the capability of LoRaWAN networks and provide insight on the weight of each outage condition in a varying two-gateway network.

Item Response Model Investigation of the (German) Interpersonal Reactivity Index Empathy Questionnaire

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Koller ◽  
Claus Lamm
Keyword(s):  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Reactivity Index ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Partial Credit Model ◽  
Item Response Model ◽  
Interpersonal Reactivity Index ◽  
Latent Construct ◽  
Psychometric Quality

Abstract. The interpersonal reactivity index (IRI) is a widely used personality questionnaire for measuring empathy. We investigated the psychometric properties of the German version using the partial credit model. If this model fits the data, the raw-scores are fair measures of the latent construct. Only in such a case, further analyses based on the raw-scores are accurate and valid. The results showed model fit only for the subscale empathic concern. The subscales perspective taking and fantasy consisted of two theoretically explainable sub-dimensions. For the subscale personal distress, no model fit could be achieved. Our study provides important information on the psychometric qualities of the IRI that has been repeatedly used to assess, for example, group differences. It demonstrates that these analyses were not warranted by the psychometric quality of the questionnaire. Our results provide direct suggestions (e.g., theoretically explainable sub-dimensions) for further developments of the IRI to overcome this limitation.

Single‐item big five ratings in a social network design

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaap J. A. Denissen ◽  
Rinie Geenen ◽  
Maarten Selfhout ◽  
Marcel A. G. van Aken
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Big Five ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Peer Ratings ◽  
Single Item ◽  
Peer Rating ◽  
Validity Criteria ◽  
Psychometric Quality

To develop and validate an ultra‐short measure to assess the Big Five in social network designs, the unipolar items of the Ten‐Item Personality Inventory were adapted to create a bipolar single‐item scale (TIPI‐r), including a new Openness item. Reliability was examined in terms of the internal consistency and test–retest stability of self‐ratings and peer‐rating composites (trait reputations). Validity was examined by means of convergence between TIPI‐r and Big Five Inventory (BFI) scores, self‐peer agreement and projection (intra‐ individual correlation between self‐ and peer‐ratings). The psychometric quality of the TIPI‐r differed somewhat between scales and the different reliability and validity criteria. The high reliability of the peer‐rating composites motivates to use the TIPI‐r in future studies employing social network designs. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Developing Cross-Cultural Short Scales Using Ant Colony Optimization

Assessment ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-210
Author(s):  
Gabriel Olaru ◽  
Daniel Danner
Keyword(s):  
Ant Colony Optimization ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Item Selection ◽  
Big Five Inventory ◽  
Short Scale

This article demonstrates how the metaheuristic item selection algorithm ant colony optimization (ACO) can be used to develop short scales for cross-cultural surveys. Traditional item selection approaches typically select items based on expert-guided assessment of item-level information in the full scale, such as factor loadings or item correlations with relevant outcomes. ACO is an optimization procedure that instead selects items based on the properties of the resulting short models, such as model fit and reliability. Using a sample of 5,567 respondents from five countries, we selected a 15-item short form of the Big Five Inventory–2 with the goal of optimizing model fit and measurement invariance in exploratory structural equation modeling, as well as reliability, construct coverage, and criterion-related validity of the scale. We compared the psychometric properties of the new short scale with the Big Five Inventory–2 extra-short form developed with a traditional approach. Whereas both short scales maintained the construct coverage and criterion-related validity of the full scale, the ACO short scale achieved better model fit and measurement invariance across countries than the Big Five Inventory–2 extra-short form. As such, ACO can be a useful tool to identify items for cross-cultural comparisons of personality.

scholarly journals State of health of the population of the one out of oil and gas extraction regions of Kazakhstan

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 528-532
Author(s):  
K. Z. Sakiev ◽  
Arstan A. Mamyrbaev
Keyword(s):  
Birth Rate ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
High Rate ◽  
State Of Health ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
The One ◽  
The City

Research is conducted in the city of Aktau ofMangystau area in 2009-2011. The state of health of adult population of the city of Aktau and quality of atmospheric air were studied. Results of works revealed positive dynamics of a natural increase of the population. There is noted a high rate of birth rate, however infantile mortality has tendency to the gain. There were established the structure and leading indices of the incidence among the male andfemale population. The impurity of atmospheric air by chemicals was shown to have the direct impact on health of urban population.

scholarly journals Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS): Psychometric Quality of the Gold Standard for Tic Assessment Based on the Large-Scale EMTICS Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Haas ◽  
Ewgeni Jakubovski ◽  
Carolin Fremer ◽  
Andrea Dietrich ◽  
Pieter J. Hoekstra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Marginal Model ◽  
Severity Scale ◽  
Tic Severity ◽  
Psychometric Quality

The Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) is a clinician-rated instrument considered as the gold standard for assessing tics in patients with Tourette's Syndrome and other tic disorders. Previous psychometric investigations of the YGTSS exhibit different limitations such as small sample sizes and insufficient methods. To overcome these shortcomings, we used a subsample of the large-scale “European Multicentre Tics in Children Study” (EMTICS) including 706 children and adolescents with a chronic tic disorder and investigated convergent, discriminant and factorial validity, as well as internal consistency of the YGTSS. Our results confirm acceptable convergent and good to very good discriminant validity, respectively, indicated by a sufficiently high correlation of the YGTSS total tic score with the Clinical Global Impression Scale for tics (rs = 0.65) and only low to medium correlations with clinical severity ratings of attention deficit/hyperactivity symptoms (rs = 0.24), obsessive–compulsive symptoms (rs = 27) as well as internalizing symptoms (rs = 0.27). Internal consistency was found to be acceptable (Ω = 0.58 for YGTSS total tic score). A confirmatory factor analysis supports the concept of the two factors “motor tics” and “phonic tics,” but still demonstrated just a marginal model fit (root mean square error of approximation = 0.09 [0.08; 0.10], comparative fit index = 0.90, and Tucker Lewis index = 0.87). A subsequent analysis of local misspecifications revealed correlated measurement errors, suggesting opportunities for improvement regarding the item wording. In conclusion, our results indicate acceptable psychometric quality of the YGTSS. However, taking the wide use and importance of the YGTSS into account, our results suggest the need for further investigations and improvements of the YGTSS. In addition, our results show limitations of the global severity score as a sum score indicating that the separate use of the total tic score and the impairment rating is more beneficial.

Modeling of diffusive transport of benzoic acid through a liquid membrane

2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanisław Koter ◽  
Piotr Szczepański
Keyword(s):  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Liquid Membrane ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Diffusive Transport ◽  
Diffusion Layers ◽  
Consecutive Reactions ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
The One ◽  
Kinetics Of

AbstractA model of diffusive transport of benzoic acid through a liquid membrane (LM) separating two aqueous solutions, based on diffusion layers and the assumption of a steady state, has been developed and tested using experimental results. It has been found that a model with the apparent partition coefficient dependent on the concentration is able to describe the time dependence of acid concentration in LM with and without a maximum on that dependence. The quality of the model fit with the single apparent diffusion coefficient of benzoic acid is the same as the one which takes into account the diffusion of benzoic acid in different forms (undissociated and dissociated form in aqueous phase, monomer and dimer in organic phase); however, in the second case, the model becomes overparameterized. Assuming that the partition and diffusion coefficients are constant, the diffusion layer model corresponds to the model of reversible consecutive reactions. Analytical solution for such case is given. Apart from the partition equilibrium, also kinetics of partitioning was considered. It was shown that in some basic situations both cases yield identical results.

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