Validation of a German and English Version of the Revised Art-of-Living Inventory

Abstract. It is an important goal for many people to achieve happiness or well-being. Research has shown the effects of various stand-alone strategies to increase well-being. However, it is unclear whether multiple strategies can enhance happiness. Art-of-living is defined as a combination of the most important strategies that lead to well-being. Based on philosophical theory and empirical studies, 11 strategy components have been identified. A basic questionnaire, the Art-of-Living Inventory (AOLI), which aims to measure these strategies, was validated in a German-speaking sample ( n = 1,302) and an English-speaking sample ( n = 2,166). Results confirmed the hypothesized factor structure which comprised 11 dimensions and at least weak measurement invariance. Further analyses demonstrated good internal consistency, retest reliability and convergent, and discriminant validity with respect to different indicators of well-being and the validation measures. Multiple regressions indicated that a combination of multiple components was significantly better at predicting well-being than even the best single component. Moreover, when compared to personality, art-of-living was demonstrated to have additional and distinct effects on well-being. In sum, the AOLI has promising measurement characteristics and may be applied in research studies to better understand well-being and in intervention studies aimed at enhancing well-being.

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Development and validation of financial well-being related scales

International Journal of Bank Marketing ◽

10.1108/ijbm-03-2018-0074 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 (4) ◽

pp. 1025-1040 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Farah Diba M.A. Abrantes-Braga ◽

Tania Veludo-de-Oliveira

Keyword(s):

Interest Rates ◽

Credit Card ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

Well Being ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽

Content Type ◽

Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽

Group Interviews ◽

Development And Validation ◽

Additional Income

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop valid and reliable scales for assessing a driver and two obstacles potentially related to financial well-being (FWB): financial preparedness for emergency, beliefs of credit limits as additional income and risky indebtedness behaviour.Design/methodology/approachThe scales were developed from scratch across six studies, employing a two-step methodology, which encompassed both qualitative (e.g. focus group, interviews) and quantitative (i.e. online surveys) data collection. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were employed to test and validate the proposed scales.FindingsThis study provides a set of three parsimonious, self-reported behavioural measures that could be employed in conjunction with objective economic indicators to identify individuals who are financially ill prepared and potential candidates for delinquency. The three proposed scales achieved satisfactory levels of reliability and convergent and discriminant validity.Research limitations/implicationsThe resulting scales still need to be tested for predictive validity and in different consumer groups. The scales were validated in a single culture population (Brazil, a country that presents extraordinarily high credit card interest rates), and they should be tested cross-culturally in countries with different economic and credit policies.Originality/valueThe literature on FWB has traditionally employed objective financial indicators as an attempt to measure the concept of FWB and its elements. Self-reported behavioural measures of such constructs are scant to the point of being non-existent for some elements. This study is the first to offer scales for measuring the elements of financial preparedness for emergency, beliefs of credit limits as additional income and risky indebtedness behaviour.

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Psychometric evaluation of the Persian version of the spiritual well-being scale (SWBS) in Iranian patients with cancer

Palliative & Supportive Care ◽

10.1017/s1478951521000407 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Hamid Sharif Nia ◽

Mobin Mohammadinezhad ◽

Kelly A. Allen ◽

Christopher Boyle ◽

Saeed Pahlevan Sharif ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Discriminant Validity ◽

Psychometric Evaluation ◽

Well Being ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Patients With Cancer ◽

Persian Version ◽

Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽

Spiritual Well Being ◽

Iranian Patients

Abstract Objective The spiritual well-being scale (SWBS) is a widely used clinical scale which should be evaluated for Iranian patients with cancer. The aim of this study is to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the SWBS in Iranian patients with cancer. Method This cross-sectional, methodological study was conducted among Iranian patients with cancer (n = 400). The participants were recruited using convenience sampling. The content, construct, convergent and discriminant validity, and reliability of the Persian version of the SWBS were evaluated. Results A two-factor structure for the scale was indicated with the factors being: connecting with God and meaningless life that explained 54.18% of the total variance of the concept of spiritual well-being. The results demonstrated the model had a good fit. Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's omega, and the inter-item correlation values of the factors indicated good internal consistency of the scale. Significance of results These results suggest that the Persian version of the SWBS is a reliable and valid measure to assess the spiritual well-being of patients with cancer through 16 items related to connecting with God and meaningless life.

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The night out task and scoring application: an ill-structured, open-ended clinic-based test representing cognitive capacities used in everyday situations

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology ◽

10.1093/arclin/acaa080 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Maureen Schmitter-Edgecombe ◽

Reanne Cunningham ◽

Courtney McAlister ◽

Kayela Arrotta ◽

Alyssa Weakley

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Real World ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

Well Being ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Cognitive Capacities ◽

Neurocognitive Tests ◽

Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽

Time Accuracy

Abstract Objective The night out task (NOT) was developed as a naturalistic, open-ended, multitasking measure that requires individuals to complete eight subtasks comparable to those encountered during real-world functioning (e.g., pack travel bag, prepare tea). We examined psychometric properties and administration feasibility of this direct observation measure within a clinic-like setting using a tablet-based coding application. Method A sample of 148 community-dwelling older adults (82% cognitively healthy; 18% mild cognitive impairment) and 57 younger adults completed the NOT along with other neurocognitive tests and questionnaires. Results Inter-rater reliability across NOT primary (i.e., time, accuracy, efficiency) and process-related (e.g., error-types, self-corrections) variables was mostly excellent. NOT primary measures showed expected patterns of convergent and discriminant validity with measures of cognition, demographics, and well-being. External validity was established by the NOT ability to distinguish between age and diagnostic (cognitively healthy vs. mild cognitive impairment) groups. Demonstrating incremental validity, the NOT primary variables (execution time in particular) were predictive of self-reported functional abilities and completion quality of in-home everyday tasks over and earlier variables such as demographics, cognition, and mobility. Conclusions These findings suggest that the NOT and its app interface, which allows for continuous logging of observations, are a feasible in-clinic measure to assess cognitive capacities important for real-world functioning. With further validation, the NOT may allow for earlier detection of functional difficulties. Understanding errors and strategies used during NOT performance could also have implications for individualized interventions.

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Psychometric properties of the Motivation for Solitude Scale–Short Form in a sample of South African adolescents

South African Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1177/0081246317744391 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 14-26

Author(s):

Esmarilda S Dankaert ◽

Tharina Guse ◽

Casper JJ van Zyl

Keyword(s):

Psychometric Properties ◽

South African ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

Short Form ◽

Well Being ◽

Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Best Fit

With expanding interest in the role of solitude in healthy psychological development during adolescence, there is a need for psychometrically sound solitude measures. The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Motivation for Solitude Scale–Short Form by evaluating its internal consistency, factor structure, and convergent and discriminant validity using a group of South African adolescents ( n = 818). Results revealed satisfactory internal consistency for each of the two subscales, as well as good convergent and discriminant validity. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a two-factor higher order model as providing the best fit. The Motivation for Solitude Scale–Short Form seems to be a valid measure of motivation for solitude among South African adolescents and provides an avenue for further research on the role of solitude in adolescent well-being.

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Validating Appearance-Based Rejection Sensitivity and Fear of Negative Appearance Evaluation Scales in the Russian Sample

Counseling Psychology and Psychotherapy ◽

10.17759/cpp.2020280407 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 118-143

Author(s):

A.Yu. Razvaliaeva ◽

N.A. Polskaya

Keyword(s):

Body Image ◽

Body Dissatisfaction ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Rejection Sensitivity ◽

Drive For Thinness ◽

Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽

Body Image Disturbances ◽

Good Internal Consistency ◽

Test Retest Reliability

We present the results of validating Fear of Negative Appearance Evaluation Scale (Lundgren et al., 2004) and Appearance-based Rejection Sensitivity Scale (Park, 2007) on the Russian sample. These scales operationalize factors of interpersonal vulnerability to body dissatisfaction as a result of internalizing the notions of the ideal body transmitted by parents, peers and mass media. The sample included 760 respondents aged 16—48, 687 female (Mage=24, Med=22, SD=6.75) and 73 male (Mage=23.2, Med=22, SD=5.58). Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed that either scale had a single latent factor, both showed good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α for FNAE — α=0.91; ARS — α=0.93) and test-retest reliability (for FNAE — rs=0.89; for ARS —0.93; p<0,001). FNAE showed age differences, reaching the highest scores in the youngest group (aged 16—20). Convergent and discriminant validity of the scales was confirmed; they were positively related to attachment-related anxiety and disturbances in body image and eating behavior, and correlated negatively with self-esteem. Both scales had a positive impact on body image disturbances and drive for thinness. Fear of Negative Appearance Evaluation Scale and Appearance-based Rejection Sensitivity Scale can be used in studies broadly related to body dissatisfaction.

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Differential changes in self-reported aspects of interoceptive awareness through 3 months of contemplative training

10.31231/osf.io/7ytr9 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Boris Bornemann ◽

Beate M. Herbert ◽

Tania Singer

Keyword(s):

Discriminant Validity ◽

Daily Life ◽

Self Regulation ◽

Well Being ◽

Body Awareness ◽

The Body ◽

Self Report ◽

Interoceptive Awareness ◽

Control Group ◽

Convergent And Discriminant Validity

Interoceptive body awareness (IA) is crucial for psychological well-being and plays an important role in many contemplative traditions. However, until recently, standardized self-report measures of IA were scarce, not comprehensive, and the effects of interoceptive training on such measures were largely unknown. The Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA) questionnaire measures IA with eight different scales. In the current study, we investigated whether and how these different aspects of IA are inﬂuenced by a 3-months contemplative intervention in the context of the ReSource project, in which 148 subjects engaged in daily practices of “Body Scan” and “Breath Meditation.” We developed a German version of the MAIA and tested it in a large and diverse sample (n = 1,076). Internal consistencies were similar to the English version (0.56– 0.89), retest reliability was high (r s: 0.66–0.79), and the MAIA showed good convergent and discriminant validity. Importantly, interoceptive training improved ﬁve out of eight aspects of IA, compared to a retest control group. Participants with low IA scores at baseline showed the biggest changes. Whereas practice duration only weakly predicted individual differences in change, self-reported liking of the practices and degree of integration into daily life predicted changes on most scales. Interestingly, the magnitude of observed changes varied across scales. The strongest changes were observed for the regulatory aspects of IA, that is, how the body is used for self-regulation in daily life. No signiﬁcant changes were observed for the Noticing aspect (becoming aware of bodily changes), which is the aspect that is predominantly assessed in other IA measures. This differential pattern underscores the importance to assess IA multi-dimensionally, particularly when interested in enhancement of IA through contemplative practice or other mind–body interventions.

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The Self-Efficacy for Sociocultural Adaptation Scale (SESCAS): Development and Initial Psychometric Evaluation

The Counseling Psychologist ◽

10.1177/0011000020951861 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 33-79

Author(s):

Lynette H. Bikos ◽

Rebekah Forman ◽

Kaitlin M. Patton

Keyword(s):

Predictive Validity ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

Well Being ◽

The Self ◽

Global Learning ◽

Sociocultural Adaptation ◽

Education Abroad ◽

Convergent And Discriminant Validity

Adjustment to the interpersonal and environmental contexts of a host country is critical for sojourners. Founded in social cognitive career theory, the Self-Efficacy for Sociocultural Adaptation Scale (SESCAS) is a multidimensional scale that assesses self-efficacy for three types of tasks (affective, behavioral, cognitive) in two cultural contexts (environmental, interpersonal). We conducted item-total correlations, confirmatory factor analyses, reliability analyses (test-retest, internal consistency), within-scale convergent and discriminant validity, convergent and discriminant validity, and predictive validity assessments across an initial sample of the general population ( n = 227), a cross-validation sample of undergraduate students enrolled in education abroad ( n = 546), and a predictive validity sample of re-entered education abroad undergraduates ( n = 74). Psychometric properties of the scale support its use as a total score and as various subfactor constellations. Researchers are encouraged to use the SESCAS to explore how self-efficacy for sociocultural adaptation may contribute to global learning outcomes and well-being.

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Comparing Rape Myth Acceptance Among Police Trainees and Medical Students: A Preliminary Danish Validation of the Updated Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance Scale

Violence Against Women ◽

10.1177/10778012211038967 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 107780122110389

Author(s):

Marie Skov ◽

Sarah van Mastrigt ◽

Andreas V. Jensen

Keyword(s):

Discriminant Validity ◽

Rape Myth Acceptance ◽

Rape Myth ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽

Professional Groups ◽

Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽

Acceptable Model ◽

Acceptance Scale ◽

Good Internal Consistency ◽

Myth Acceptance

Identifying rape myths among criminal justice and medical professionals is central to preventing secondary victimization. We present the first preliminary Danish validation of McMahon and Farmer’s updated Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance scale using samples of police and medical trainees. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses result in a 14-item, four-factor measure that demonstrates acceptable model fit, satisfactory convergent and discriminant validity, and good internal consistency. Although reported rape myth acceptance is generally low in both samples, some subscale scores vary across professional groups, thereby identifying specific targets for intervention in different occupational contexts. Further tests of the scale are recommended.

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VALIDATION OF THE CAREGIVER REACTION SCALE IN A SAMPLE OF NON-HELP-SEEKING CAREGIVERS

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igz038.2506 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S678-S678

Author(s):

Kelly A O Malley ◽

Kelsey Bacharz ◽

Sara H Qualls

Keyword(s):

Family Caregiving ◽

Help Seeking ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

Well Being ◽

Internal Consistency Reliability ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Psychological Well Being ◽

Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽

Positive Aspects Of Caregiving ◽

Positive Correlations

Abstract The Caregiver Reaction Scale (CRS) is a comprehensive measure of the family caregiving experience that assesses burden, family strains and positive aspects of caregiving (PAC). The CRS has been validated in sample of older adult help-seeking caregivers, but its validity and reliability in a non-help-seeking sample of caregivers was unknown. This study aimed to explore how well the CRS assesses the full caregiving experience in a younger non-help-seeking sample of family caregivers and to further evaluate the validity of the PAC subscales. A sample of non-help-seeking caregivers (N =452; Mage = 48.56, SD = 17.15) completed online questionnaires of burden, positive aspects of caregiving, and psychological well-being. All subscales of the CRS demonstrated very good internal consistency reliability (α ≤ .88). The PAC subscales of the CRS demonstrated medium to large positive correlations with a measure of positive aspects of caregiving (r ≥ .44) and small to medium positive correlations with psychological well-being (.25 ≥ r ≤ .42). Burden subscales of the CRS had large positive correlations with another measure of burden (r ≥ .66). Medium positive correlations were also found between family and job conflict subscales of the CRS and the burden measure (r ≥ .35). CRS PAC subscales were negatively correlated with the burden measure (r ≤ -.13). The CRS is a valid and reliable measure of the caregiving experience as evidenced by convergent and discriminant validity of CRS subscales and well validated measures of burden and positive aspects of caregiving.

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SUBJECTIVE AGING: SOMETHING UNIQUE OR JUST ANOTHER EXPRESSION OF GENERAL SELF-BELIEFS?

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igz038.2895 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S786-S787

Author(s):

Verena Klusmann ◽

Svenja M Spuling ◽

Catherine E Bowen ◽

Anna E Kornadt ◽

Eva-Marie Kessler

Keyword(s):

Discriminant Validity ◽

Well Being ◽

Subjective Health ◽

Subjective Well Being ◽

Subjective Age ◽

Self Perceptions ◽

Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽

Perceptions Of Aging ◽

Using Data ◽

Subjective Aging

Abstract Using data from the German Ageing Survey (adults aged 40‒85), this study tested the convergent and discriminant validity of subjective aging measures by comparing three different measures of subjective aging with one another and relating them to established measures of general self-beliefs (optimism, self-efficacy, subjective health) and subjective well-being (depression, affect). Correlations between subjective aging measures ranged from ‒.61 (amongst general self-perceptions of aging measures) to ‒.09, with subjective age being least related to the other measures. The highest overlap was observed between optimism and global self-perceptions of aging (.69) and it was for these global self-perceptions that the highest amount of variance could be explained by correlates in a regression analysis (R-square=.55). In contrast, only 10% of variance could be explained for subjective age. Our results underline the merit of taking the multidimensional nature of subjective aging into account since global measures appear less distinct from general personality traits.

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