Validating Appearance-Based Rejection Sensitivity and Fear of Negative Appearance Evaluation Scales in the Russian Sample

We present the results of validating Fear of Negative Appearance Evaluation Scale (Lundgren et al., 2004) and Appearance-based Rejection Sensitivity Scale (Park, 2007) on the Russian sample. These scales operationalize factors of interpersonal vulnerability to body dissatisfaction as a result of internalizing the notions of the ideal body transmitted by parents, peers and mass media. The sample included 760 respondents aged 16—48, 687 female (Mage=24, Med=22, SD=6.75) and 73 male (Mage=23.2, Med=22, SD=5.58). Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed that either scale had a single latent factor, both showed good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α for FNAE — α=0.91; ARS — α=0.93) and test-retest reliability (for FNAE — rs=0.89; for ARS —0.93; p<0,001). FNAE showed age differences, reaching the highest scores in the youngest group (aged 16—20). Convergent and discriminant validity of the scales was confirmed; they were positively related to attachment-related anxiety and disturbances in body image and eating behavior, and correlated negatively with self-esteem. Both scales had a positive impact on body image disturbances and drive for thinness. Fear of Negative Appearance Evaluation Scale and Appearance-based Rejection Sensitivity Scale can be used in studies broadly related to body dissatisfaction.

Download Full-text

The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on social network sites use, body image disturbances and self-esteem among adolescents and young women

10.21203/rs.3.rs-71386/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Helena Vall-Roqué ◽

Ana Andrés ◽

Carmina Saldaña

Keyword(s):

Body Image ◽

Body Dissatisfaction ◽

Young Women ◽

Social Network Sites ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Age Group ◽

Drive For Thinness ◽

Frequency Of Use ◽

Body Image Disturbances ◽

The Impact

Abstract This study aimed to determine the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on social network sites (SNS) use and to explore whether SNS use is associated with body image disturbances and low self-esteem. A total of 2601 women living in Spain aged 14-35 years completed questionnaire measures of SNS use, self-esteem, body dissatisfaction and drive for thinness. In the survey, participants were asked about their use of SNS at the moment of answering the survey and before lockdown. A statistically significant increase was found in the frequency of use of all studied SNS (Instagram, YouTube, TikTok, Twitter and Facebook) during lockdown, as well as in the number of women following appearance-focused Instagram accounts. Moreover, significant relationships were found between the frequency of Instagram use and body dissatisfaction, drive for thinness and low self-esteem in the younger age group (14-24), and between the frequency of Instagram use and drive for thinness in the older age group (25-35). Following appearance-focused accounts on Instagram was related to body dissatisfaction and drive for thinness in the younger group, and only to drive for thinness in the older group (25-35). Following appearance-focused accounts on Instagram and a higher frequency of use of Instagram significantly predicted higher levels of drive for thinness. These results suggest that lockdown has had an impact on SNS use, and this might be linked to increased drive for thinness and eating disorder risk among adolescents and young women.

Download Full-text

“eLoriCorps Immersive Body Rating Scale”: Exploring the Assessment of Body Image Disturbances from Allocentric and Egocentric Perspectives

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9092926 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 2926

Author(s):

Johana Monthuy-Blanc ◽

Stéphane Bouchard ◽

Marilou Ouellet ◽

Giulia Corno ◽

Sylvain Iceta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Image ◽

Body Size ◽

Cultural Context ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽

Figure Rating Scale ◽

Individual Comparison ◽

Body Size Dissatisfaction ◽

Body Image Disturbances

The first objective of this study was to test the convergent and discriminant validity between the “eLoriCorps Immersive Body Rating Scale” and the traditional paper-based figure rating scale (FRS). The second objective was to explore the contribution of the egocentric virtual reality (VR) perspective of eLoriCorps to understanding body image disturbances (BIDs). The sample consisted of 53 female and 13 male adults. Body size dissatisfaction, body size distortion, perceived body size, and ideal body size were assessed. Overall, outcomes showed good agreement between allocentric perspectives as measured via VR and the FRS. The egocentric VR perspective produced different results compared to both the allocentric VR perspective and the FRS. This difference revealed discriminant validity and suggested that eLoricorps’ egocentric VR perspective might assess something different from the traditional conception of body dissatisfaction, which an allocentric VR perspective generally assesses. Finally, the egocentric VR perspective in assessing BIDs deserves to be studied more extensively to explore the possibility of finding two types of body image distortion: (a) an egocentric perceptual body distortion, referring to internal body sensation affected by intra-individual changes, and (b) an allocentric perceptual body distortion, referring to external body benchmarks constructed by inter-individual comparison occurring in a given cultural context.

Download Full-text

The 2014 Ontario Child Health Study Emotional Behavioural Scales (OCHS-EBS) Part I: A Checklist for Dimensional Measurement of Selected DSM-5 Disorders

The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/0706743718808250 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 64 (6) ◽

pp. 423-433 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Laura Duncan ◽

Katholiki Georgiades ◽

Li Wang ◽

Jinette Comeau ◽

Mark A. Ferro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Child Health ◽

Conduct Disorder ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

Health Study ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Dimensional Measurement ◽

Dsm 5 ◽

Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽

Test Retest Reliability

Objectives: To describe the development and psychometric properties of the 2014 Ontario Child Health Study Emotional Behavioural Scales (OCHS-EBS) for dimensional measurement of 7 disorders based on criteria from the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM-5). Methods: Scale items were selected by agreement among 19 child psychologists and psychiatrists rating the correspondence between item descriptions and DSM-5 symptoms. Psychometric evaluation of the item properties and parent/caregiver and youth scales came from a general population study of 10,802 children and youth aged 4 to 17 years in 6537 families. Test-retest reliability data were collected from a subsample of 280 children and their caregivers who independently completed the OCHS-EBS checklist on 2 occasions 7 to 14 days apart. Structural equation modelling was used to assess internal and external convergent and discriminant validity—the latter tested against the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents (MINI-KID). Results: Confirmatory factor analyses exhibited adequate item fit to all scales. Except for conduct disorder and youth-assessed separation anxiety disorder, internal (Cronbach’s α) and test-retest reliability (Pearson’s r) for scale scores were 0.70 or above. Except for youth-assessed conduct disorder, the OCHS-EBS met criteria for internal and convergent and discriminant validity. Compared with the MINI-KID, the OCHS-EBS met criteria for external convergent and discriminant validity. Conclusions: The OCHS-EBS provide reliable and valid dimensional measurement of 7 DSM-5 disorders assessed by caregivers and youth in the general population. Part II describes use of the OCHS-EBS as a categorical (present/absent) measure of disorder.

Download Full-text

Psychometric properties of the Short Leyton Obsessional Inventory-Child Version in a community sample of Spanish children and adolescents

Anales de Psicología ◽

10.6018/analesps.32.3.232201 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 26

Author(s):

Marina Iniesta-Sepúlveda ◽

Ana I. Rosa-Alcázar ◽

Beatriz Ruiz-García ◽

Jose A. López-Pina

Keyword(s):

Psychometric Properties ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

Factor Model ◽

Community Sample ◽

Spanish Version ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Good Test ◽

Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽

Test Retest Reliability

The aim of the current study was to analyze psychometric properties of the Short LOI-CV in Spanish community sample. Participants were 914 children and adolescents with mean age of 13.01 years (51.3% males). An EFA yielded a three-factor model representing Obsessions, Compulsions, and Cleanliness dimensions. Both, total score and subscales showed an adequate internal consistency. The Spanish version also exhibited good test-retest reliability and moderate convergent and discriminant validity. The younger participants (from 8 to 10 years) obtained higher means for total score and subscales than older participants (groups 11-13 and 14-18 years). Significant differences related to gender were also observed since males obtained higher means in Compulsions subscale. Despite more research is required, the Spanish version of the Short LOI-CV exhibited promising psychometric results to assess obsessive-compulsive symptoms in community population.

Download Full-text

Body image shame in men: Confirmatory Factor Analysis and psychometric properties of the Body Image Shame Scale

10.21203/rs.3.rs-262066/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Cristiana Duarte ◽

C. Ferreira

Keyword(s):

Body Image ◽

Body Weight ◽

Psychological Adjustment ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

High Reliability ◽

The Body ◽

Self Report ◽

Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Weight And Shape Concerns

Abstract Purpose Body image shame plays a key role in disordered eating symptoms and psychological adjustment. Nonetheless, research has been mainly focused on women. The Body Image Shame Scale (BISS) was previously developed and tested in a nonclinical sample of women. This study examines the BISS in a male sample comprising students and community participants. Methods Participants were 420 men, who completed the BISS and self-report measures of shame, self-criticism, body weight and shape concerns and psychopathological symptoms. Results The previously identified structure of the BISS, with an external and internal dimension, fitted the data well. All items presented high reliability. The BISS total score and its subscales in men present high construct reliability, and convergent and discriminant validity. Correlation analyses indicated that BISS and its subscales in men present positive associations with general shame and self-criticism, body weight and shape concerns, and with indices of poorer psychological adjustment. Conclusion Findings supported that the BISS is a reliable measure to assess body shame in men.

Download Full-text

Child Body Concerns and Behavior Scale: Development and Psychometric Properties of a Body Image Scale for Children

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.1177/0031512520948285 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 003151252094828

Author(s):

Clara Mockdece Neves ◽

Juliana Fernandes Filgueiras Meireles ◽

Fabiane Frota da Rocha Morgado ◽

Priscila Figueiredo Campos ◽

Maria Elisa Caputo Ferreira

Keyword(s):

Body Image ◽

Psychometric Properties ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Response Options ◽

Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽

Body Image Scale ◽

Two Factors ◽

Body Concerns ◽

Brazilian Children

There are few instruments with good validity and reliability for evaluating body image in children. In this study we aimed to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of a scale for Brazilian children. In Study 1, we developed 53 items on the basis of a literature review, previous body image scales and qualitative study. We developed the item format and response options and developed instructions for both researchers and participants. In Study 2, we used 10 experts and 21 boys and girls aged 7–11 years ( M = 8.25 years, SD = 1.70) to evaluate item content and semantics. The scale went through further refinement, leading to the exclusion of some items and the modification of others. In Study 3, we analyzed the instrument’s psychometric properties in 571 girls ( M = 9.17 years of age, SD = 1.23) and 597 boys ( M = 9.32 years, SD = 1.24) from all over Brazil, using exploratory and confirmatory factorial analyses with independent samples. The scale’s final version for females was composed of 17 items divided into five factors; and the final male version included 13 items and two factors. Both versions presented satisfactory convergent and discriminant validity, and these scales can now be used reliably with 7-11 year old Brazilian children.

Download Full-text

Construct Validity Analyses of a “Nonverbal” Measure of Self-Esteem: The Sliding Person Test

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1979.44.3.895 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 895-910 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ann H. Karmos ◽

Joseph S. Karmos

Keyword(s):

Construct Validity ◽

Social Desirability ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

Emotional Adjustment ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Social And Emotional ◽

Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽

Curvilinear Relationships ◽

Test Retest Reliability ◽

Minimal Evidence

This study investigated construct validity for a “nonverbal” measure of self-esteem, the Sliding Person Test (SPERT). Seven personality measures and an intelligence test were administered to 202 college students. A test-retest reliability coefficient of .82 was obtained ( N = 45). Correlations between scores on SPERT and social desirability, anxiety, and IQ indicated sufficiently low overlap with these variables. Minimal evidence of convergent and discriminant validity was established. Linear and curvilinear relationships between scores for SPERT and social and emotional adjustment, respectively, were contrary to expectations but similar to those of previous studies. Expected differences between students high and low in self-acceptance with large SPERT discrepancies support other literature which suggests that large self-ideal discrepancies are associated with better adjustment and lower anxiety for highly self-accepting people.

Download Full-text

Further Validation of a Chinese Version of the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised

Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy ◽

10.1017/s1352465812000379 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 249-254 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Gregory S. Chasson ◽

Suqin Tang ◽

Bradley Gray ◽

Hongwei Sun ◽

Jianping Wang

Keyword(s):

Discriminant Validity ◽

Comparison Group ◽

Clinical Sample ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽

Validity Criterion ◽

Test Retest Reliability ◽

Cultural Components

Background: There has been an increased effort to understand the nature of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in non-Western cultures. In particular, growing research has examined OCD in China, but there are no comprehensive instruments that measure both OCD severity and heterogeneity for characterizing samples. Aims: A validated, comprehensive measure that could be used in China would provide researchers with a useful instrument for evaluating severity and heterogeneity of OCD in a non-Western culture, allowing researchers to better understand the universal and cultural components that play a role in the nature of OCD. Method: The current investigation presents data on the reliability and validity of a Mandarin translation of the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (CH-OCI) using both a student (n = 1950) and clinical sample (n = 50 patients with OCD; n = 50 patients with anxiety as a comparison group). Results: Results support the factor structure, convergent and discriminant validity, criterion-related validity, test-retest reliability, and internal consistency of the CH-OCI. Conclusions: Validation of the instrument permits researchers and clinicians to measure OCD presentation in Mandarin-speaking samples.

Download Full-text

Factor structure of the “Me as A Parent” scale in a community sample of portuguese mothers

Psicologia ◽

10.17575/psicologia.v34i2.1637 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 205-214

Author(s):

Teresa Marques ◽

Ana Isabel Pereira ◽

Luísa Barros ◽

Magda S. Roberto

Keyword(s):

Factor Structure ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

Community Sample ◽

Self Regulation ◽

Original Structure ◽

Fit Indices ◽

Good Test ◽

Convenience Sample ◽

Good Internal Consistency ◽

Test Retest Reliability

This study aimed to examine the factor structure of the Portuguese version of a parental self-regulation measure: "Me as a Parent" (MaaP). A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted with an online convenience sample of 370 mothers of children aged between 3 and 15 (M = 9, SD = 3.74). Results showed that in this sample, the original structure of the MaaP was not confirmed. The revised model with three first-order factors showed good fit indices, χ2 = 202.37, p < .001, χ2/df = 101, CFI = .92, TLI = .91; SRMR = .05, RMSEA = .05, 90% CI = [0.046, 0.063]. The factors of MaaP showed good internal consistency, except for Personal Agency. The instrument achieved discriminant validity and showed good test-retest reliability. Although the MaaP seems to be a promising measure, the present results show that more research is needed to validate this new scale.

Download Full-text

Blossoming for Whom? Social Approval and Body Image

10.5772/intechopen.94503 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Wenting Mu ◽

Fan Wu

Keyword(s):

Body Image ◽

Rejection Sensitivity ◽

Well Being ◽

Negative Body Image ◽

Avoidance Behaviors ◽

Body Acceptance ◽

Internalization Process ◽

Body Image Disturbances ◽

Upward Social Comparison ◽

Standards Of Beauty

Body image is a multidimensional construct that reflects the way we perceive and feel about our physical appearance. This inside view of our body heavily influences our self-esteem, mental health, and overall well-being. Under the influence of mass media, peers and family, individuals, especially women, may feel pressured to conform to the societal standards of beauty, engage in upward social comparison, and consequently experience negative body image. While our sociocultural surroundings plays a role in the internalization process, other intrapersonal factors, such as appearance-based rejection sensitivity and lack of self-concept clarity, may heighten the risk for some individuals. Body image disturbances can be manifested in forms of avoidance behaviors, monitoring, eating restraints, and body modification. In order to promote body acceptance, we ought to gain insights into the formation of our body image and challenge the commonly held belief on who defines beauty.

Download Full-text