Change? What Change?

Methodology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Lugtig ◽  
Hennie R. Boeije ◽  
Gerty J. L. M. Lensvelt-Mulders
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Psychology Students ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
First Year ◽  
Panel Survey ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
Study Motivation ◽  
Panel Studies ◽  
Qualitative Part ◽  
Over Time

A primary objective of panel studies is to analyze change. The same questionnaire is used to compare data recorded at various times. Panel designs assume that the meaning of the questions and the concept of interest are stable over time. Analyses of measurement invariance often show the contrary. A qualitative part supplementing a panel survey can help us understand this phenomenon. In this study, 261 first-year psychology students completed questionnaires about their study motivation on two occasions; we interviewed some students as well. The survey showed that study motivation is not invariant over time. The qualitative data converged with the quantitative outcomes and explained the lack of invariance by the students’ overall transition during the first study year. We conclude that mixing quantitative and qualitative research methods for panel studies helps us understand change in constructs over time. We can study change at the macrolevel and better understand such change at the microlevel.

A Downward Spiral? A Panel Study of Misinformation and Media Trust in Chile

2021 ◽  
pp. 194016122110252
Author(s):  
Sebastián Valenzuela ◽  
Daniel Halpern ◽  
Felipe Araneda
Keyword(s):  
News Media ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Panel Survey ◽  
Downward Spiral ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Trust ◽  
People’S Attitudes ◽  
Over Time

Despite widespread concern, research on the consequences of misinformation on people's attitudes is surprisingly scant. To fill in this gap, the current study examines the long-term relationship between misinformation and trust in the news media. Based on the reinforcing spirals model, we analyzed data from a three-wave panel survey collected in Chile between 2017 and 2019. We found a weak, over-time relationship between misinformation and media skepticism. Specifically, initial beliefs on factually dubious information were negatively correlated with subsequent levels of trust in the news media. Lower trust in the media, in turn, was related over time to higher levels of misinformation. However, we found no evidence of a reverse, parallel process where media trust shielded users against misinformation, further reinforcing trust in the news media. The lack of evidence of a downward spiral suggests that the corrosive effects of misinformation on attitudes toward the news media are less serious than originally suggested. We close with a discussion of directions for future research.

Correlating entrance data and first year academic performance of students enrolled in the Integrated Master in Mechanical Engineering at the University of Porto

2021 ◽  
pp. 030641902110156
Author(s):  
TMGP Duarte ◽  
AM Lopes ◽  
LFM da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Mechanical Engineering ◽  
Institutional Factors ◽  
First Year ◽  
Female Type ◽  
The University ◽  
First Year University ◽  
Over Time

Understanding how the academic performance of first year undergraduate students is influenced by home, personal and institutional factors is fundamental to delineate policies able to mitigate failure. This paper investigates possible correlations between the academic performance of students at the end of high school with their achievements at the end of first year university. Data for students in the Integrated Master in Mechanical Engineering (MIEM) program within the Faculty of Engineering at the University of Porto are analysed for the period 2016/2017 to 2019/2020. The students’ performance is measured by two metrics and the students are structured as a whole and by groups, according to their gender (Male/Female), type of secondary school (Public/Private), living place (Away/Home) and the rank of MIEM in their application list of options (Option 1/Option 2–6). The information is organized statistically and possible correlations between the data are investigated. The analysis reveals limited correlation between the two metrics, meaning that all students may exhibit good or poor results at the end of first year in MIEM, independent of their status at entrance. An unanticipated pattern is exhibited for the group Option 2–6, since it shows that, despite entering into MIEM without top application marks, the students in this group can perform as well as the others. This behavior is consistent over time.

Analyzing trends in the aural decoding errors of Japanese EFL learners

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kriss Lange ◽  
Joshua Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
First Year ◽  
Formulaic Language ◽  
Decoding Skills ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Japanese University ◽  
Syntactic Knowledge ◽  
L2 Listening

Abstract Japanese EFL learners’ difficulty with accurately decoding connected English speech motivated this mixed methods study. The aural decoding capacities of 63 first-year Japanese university students, with low to intermediate level English proficiency, were first measured with a battery of paused transcription tests (PTT). The transcriptions were clusters of three-words that each possessed attributes typical of co-articulated speech. In addition, after each test, a subgroup of 10 participants individually listened to the same PTT and recounted introspective self-observations of their perceived difficulties with the aural decoding tasks in their L1. These quantitative and qualitative data were used to identify four trends in decoding errors which were categorized as follows: limited collocation familiarity, syntactic knowledge constraints, difficulties utilizing co-text, and L1 phonological influence. This study investigates some of the difficulties associated with aural decoding, highlights the challenges of identifying the origins of decoding errors and suggests that more focus is needed on developing decoding skills as well as knowledge of formulaic language in L2 listening education.

scholarly journals The Trending Academic Library Job Market: An Analysis of Library Position Announcements from 2011 with Comparisons to 1996 and 1988

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 716-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Therese F. Triumph ◽  
Penny M. Beile
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Academic Library ◽  
The United States ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Job Market ◽  
Current State ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Job Advertisements ◽  
Salary Information ◽  
Over Time

The primary objective of the study was to describe the number, types and titles, requested qualifications and skills, salary information, and locations of positions advertised in 2011 on the ALA JobLIST and ARL Job Announcements websites and in the print version of the Chronicle of Higher Education for purposes of determining the current state of the academic library job market in the United States. To investigate changes in the academic library job market and identify emerging trends over a 23-year period, results also were compared to studies that analyzed position announcements from 1996 and 1988. Content analysis of 957 unique academic library job advertisements revealed relative stasis in the market regarding the number of positions advertised, presence of administrative duties, geographic distribution of positions, and, to some extent, educational requirements. However, other comparisons were more dynamic. Specifically, there has been a decline in foreign language skills and prior work experience requirements over time while computer skills are increasingly sought. Perhaps most striking is the proliferation of new position titles that have emerged over time, which serves as an indication that library positions are becoming increasingly specialized.

Interaction of Cottonwood Clones with Site and Planting Year

1973 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Mohn ◽  
W. K. Randall
Keyword(s):  
First Year ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Mississippi Valley ◽  
Lower Mississippi Valley ◽  
Large Clone ◽  
Over Time

Height and diameter growth to age three and the number of first year branches were analyzed for 25 cottonwood clones grown in six plantations in central Mississippi. Plantations were on two contrasting sites and planted in three consecutive years. Results showed small clone × planting year interactions and large clone × site interactions for all parameters. In the lower Mississippi Valley, therefore, emphasis should be placed on testing over a range of sites rather than replicating over time.

scholarly journals Utilization and Validity of the Dental Diagnostic System over Time in Academic and Private Practice

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Yansane ◽  
O. Tokede ◽  
J. White ◽  
J. Etolue ◽  
L. McClellan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Health Record ◽  
Diagnostic System ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Health Record ◽  
Electronic Health Record Data ◽  
Resultant Data ◽  
Electronic Health ◽  
Over Time

Introduction: To fill the void created by insufficient dental terminologies, a multi-institutional workgroup was formed among members of the Consortium for Oral Health Research and Informatics to develop the Dental Diagnostic System (DDS) in 2009. The adoption of dental diagnosis terminologies by providers must be accompanied by rigorous usability and validity assessments to ensure their effectiveness in practice. Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to describe the utilization and correct use of the DDS over a 4-y period. Methods: Electronic health record data were amassed from 2013 to 2016 where diagnostic terms and Current Dental Terminology procedure code pairs were adjudicated by calibrated dentists. With the resultant data, we report on the 4-y utilization and validity of the DDS at 5 dental institutions. Utilization refers to the proportion of instances that diagnoses are documented in a structured format, and validity is defined as the frequency of valid pairs divided by the number of all treatment codes entered. Results: Nearly 10 million procedures ( n = 9,946,975) were documented at the 5 participating institutions between 2013 and 2016. There was a 1.5-fold increase in the number of unique diagnoses documented during the 4-y period. The utilization and validity proportions of the DDS had statistically significant increases from 2013 to 2016 ( P < 0.0001). Academic dental sites were more likely to document diagnoses associated with orthodontic and restorative procedures, while the private dental site was equally likely to document diagnoses associated with all procedures. Overall, the private dental site had significantly higher utilization and validity proportions than the academic dental sites. Conclusion: The results demonstrate an improvement in utilization and validity of the DDS terminology over time. These findings also yield insight into the factors that influence the usability, adoption, and validity of dental terminologies, raising the need for more focused training of dental students. Knowledge Transfer Statement: Ensuring that providers use standardized methods for documentation of diagnoses represents a challenge within dentistry. The results of this study can be used by clinicians when evaluating the utility of diagnostic terminologies embedded within the electronic health record.

scholarly journals Is There a Link Between Growth Management Regulations and Housing Affordability in the Town of Markham?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Henriques
Keyword(s):  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Growth Management ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Housing Affordability ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Town

The primary objective of this research paper is to identify and understand the potential impacts of growth management regulations (the Greenbelt Plan and the GPGGH) on housing affordability in the Town of Markham and to explore what, if anything, Markham is doing to mitigate potential negative impacts. Relevant quantitative and qualitative data was reviewed relative to growth management and the Town of Markham and it was found that there are some potential links. Despite finding potential links, it is impossible to make a definitive and causal relationship between the two due to the discrepancies in measuring affordability and myriad variables that have the potential to influence affordability.

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