Use of heath care among the uninsured increases over time during the first year without insurance

Understanding how the academic performance of first year undergraduate students is influenced by home, personal and institutional factors is fundamental to delineate policies able to mitigate failure. This paper investigates possible correlations between the academic performance of students at the end of high school with their achievements at the end of first year university. Data for students in the Integrated Master in Mechanical Engineering (MIEM) program within the Faculty of Engineering at the University of Porto are analysed for the period 2016/2017 to 2019/2020. The students’ performance is measured by two metrics and the students are structured as a whole and by groups, according to their gender (Male/Female), type of secondary school (Public/Private), living place (Away/Home) and the rank of MIEM in their application list of options (Option 1/Option 2–6). The information is organized statistically and possible correlations between the data are investigated. The analysis reveals limited correlation between the two metrics, meaning that all students may exhibit good or poor results at the end of first year in MIEM, independent of their status at entrance. An unanticipated pattern is exhibited for the group Option 2–6, since it shows that, despite entering into MIEM without top application marks, the students in this group can perform as well as the others. This behavior is consistent over time.

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Interaction of Cottonwood Clones with Site and Planting Year

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x73-047 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 329-332 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

C. A. Mohn ◽

W. K. Randall

Keyword(s):

First Year ◽

Diameter Growth ◽

Mississippi Valley ◽

Lower Mississippi Valley ◽

Large Clone ◽

Over Time

Height and diameter growth to age three and the number of first year branches were analyzed for 25 cottonwood clones grown in six plantations in central Mississippi. Plantations were on two contrasting sites and planted in three consecutive years. Results showed small clone × planting year interactions and large clone × site interactions for all parameters. In the lower Mississippi Valley, therefore, emphasis should be placed on testing over a range of sites rather than replicating over time.

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A Longitudinal Investigation of Dropout from College in the United States

Journal of College Student Retention Research Theory & Practice ◽

10.2190/v4en-nw42-742q-2ntl ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 173-201 ◽

Cited By ~ 75

Author(s):

Terry T. Ishitani ◽

Stephen L. DesJardins

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

College Students ◽

Financial Aid ◽

The United States ◽

Dropout Rates ◽

First Year ◽

Student Financial Aid ◽

Student Dropout ◽

Longitudinal Investigation ◽

Over Time

This study investigates the dropout behavior of college students in the United States. Previous attrition studies have typically focused on dropout at specific points in time, such as the first year of enrollment. In this study we examine the timing of dropout over a five-year period and find that factors that affect student dropout often have effects that change over time. For instance, the results demonstrate that students who receive financial aid generally have lower dropout rates than non-aided students. But of special interest is our findings that dropout rates vary depending on the amount and timing of student financial aid.

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Does the nursing curriculum influence feelings of gender-role conflict in a cohort of nursing degree male students?

British Journal of Nursing ◽

10.12968/bjon.2021.30.17.1024 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (17) ◽

pp. 1024-1030

Author(s):

Martin Christensen ◽

Nick Purkis ◽

Raph Morgan ◽

Chris Allen

Keyword(s):

Nursing Students ◽

Gender Role ◽

Role Conflict ◽

Gender Role Conflict ◽

Nursing Programs ◽

Male Students ◽

Nursing Workforce ◽

First Year ◽

Nursing Curriculum ◽

Over Time

It is estimated that more than 9% of the global nursing workforce is male and that this share will gradually rise over the next decade. Although there are some positive aspects of having a male nursing workforce, men in the profession still experience discriminatory behaviours and practices. Fortunately, this does not deter a number of men entering undergraduate degree programmes. The aim of this study was to understand the experiences of 14 male nursing students in their first year of the adult Bachelor of Nursing programme. Using the Inventory of Male Friendliness in Nursing Programs and the Gender Role Conflict Scale, this study found that the male students felt welcomed, supported and included into the nursing programme. In addition, they felt no overall gender-role conflict, although feelings of success and achievement caused some challenges. The results of this study suggest that the male students did not necessarily experience those inequitable behaviours and practices reported in the literature. It has been suggested that perhaps the reality of clinical practice may change the perception of nursing for male students. Therefore, implications for further research could include a longitudinal study to ascertain where the perceptions of the nursing programme change for the male nursing students over time.

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Effects of Vocal Training on Students’ Voices in a Professional Drama School

OTO Open ◽

10.1177/2473974x19866384 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 2473974X1986638

Author(s):

Jacob I. Tower ◽

Lynn Acton ◽

Jessica Wolf ◽

Walton Wilson ◽

Nwanmegha Young

Keyword(s):

Fundamental Frequency ◽

Aerodynamic Characteristics ◽

Voice Handicap Index ◽

First Year ◽

Medical Facility ◽

Acoustic Measures ◽

Vocal Training ◽

Before And After ◽

Changes Over Time ◽

Over Time

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of vocal training on acoustic and aerodynamic characteristics of student actors’ voices. Study Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Tertiary medical facility speech and swallow center. Subjects and Methods Acoustic, aerodynamic, and Voice Handicap Index–10 measures were collected from 14 first-year graduate-level drama students before and after a standard vocal training program and analyzed for changes over time. Results Among the aerodynamic measures that were collected, mean expiratory airflow was significantly reduced after vocal training. Among the acoustic measures that were collected, mean fundamental frequency was significantly increased after vocal training. On average, Voice Handicap Index–10 scores were unchanged after vocal training. Conclusion The cohort of drama students undergoing vocal training demonstrated improvements in voice aerodynamics, which indicate enhanced glottal efficiency after training. The present study also found an increased average fundamental frequency among the actors during sustained voicing and no changes in jitter and shimmer despite frequent performance.

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Investigating the Dimensionality and Stability of Union Commitment Profiles over a 10-Year Period: A Latent Transition Analysis

ILR Review ◽

10.1177/0019793919883815 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 74 (1) ◽

pp. 224-254

Author(s):

Alexandre J. S. Morin ◽

Daniel G. Gallagher ◽

John P. Meyer ◽

David Litalien ◽

Paul F. Clark

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Latent Transition Analysis ◽

First Year ◽

Multidimensional Approach ◽

Union Commitment ◽

Transition Analysis ◽

Positive Attitudes ◽

Commitment Level ◽

Person Centered Approach ◽

Over Time

The authors adopt a person-centered approach to the investigation of the dimensionality of the union commitment construct by capitalizing on a 10-year longitudinal study (from 1992 to 2002) of 637 union members in their first year of employment measured again 1 and 10 years later. Results reveal four distinct profiles of union commitment, presenting a stable structure over time. These profiles demonstrate consistency in commitment level across the three most common union commitment dimensions, thus questioning the necessity of adopting a multidimensional approach. Results show that union members became more similar to other members of their profiles over time, and that their union commitment became slightly less extreme as union tenure increased. Finally, results show that union commitment profiles predict union participation, in accordance with our expectations, and suggest that endorsing positive attitudes toward unions and their instrumentality was a stronger predictor of profile membership than was satisfaction with the actions of one’s own union.

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Evidence of prolonged disturbances in the haemostatic, hemorheologic and inflammatory profiles in transmural myocardial infarction survivors

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1613477 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 89 (05) ◽

pp. 892-903 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Carlota Saldanha ◽

José Monteiro ◽

Carlos Perdigão ◽

João Martins eSilva ◽

Luis Sargento

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Protein C ◽

Leukocyte Count ◽

Plasma Viscosity ◽

Erythrocyte Aggregation ◽

First Year ◽

Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pai 1 ◽

Over Time

SummaryHaemostatic, hemorheologic and inflammatory disturbances have been associated with acute coronary syndromes. Most knowledge is reported in cross sectional studies and are without time dependent evolution of these profiles.The aim of this study was to evaluate, during the first year, the evolution of the haemostatic, hemorheologic and inflammatory profiles determined at hospital discharge in survivors with transmural myocardial infarction (MI).Eighty eight (79 male; 9 female) mean age of 58 ± 11 years, survivors of a transmural MI were prospectively studied at discharge, 6 months and one year after the event. Haemostatic (protein C, antithrombin III and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1), hemorheologic (blood fluidity and components) and inflammatory profiles (polymorphonuclear elastase and leukocyte count) were determined using standard methodology.The results of the study can be summarized as follows: (1) Protein C decreased (p < 0.05) over time while PAI-1 only varied significantly until 6th month. (2) Plasma viscosity and fibrinogen (p < 0.001) decrease over time, while erythrocyte aggregation (p < 0.001) and haematocrit increased. Whole blood viscosity did not vary. (3) Leukocyte decreased (p < 0.001) and elastase did not (4). Those patients with cardiovascular events (n = 7) had higher PAI-1 concentration (p<0.05) and leukocyte count (p < 0.01), at discharge (5) Left ventricle ejection fraction correlated significantly with plasma viscosity (r = 0.35 p < 0.05). The results of this longitudinal study show dynamic modifications of the haemostatic, hemorheologic and inflammatory profiles during the first year of a transmural myocardial infarction. In addition, there are interrelations between them and the clinical profile that could help to explain the clinical evolution of this group of patients.

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Early Introduction of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Caries Trajectories from Age 12 to 48 Months

Journal of Dental Research ◽

10.1177/0022034520917398 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 99 (8) ◽

pp. 898-906 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

E. Bernabé ◽

H. Ballantyne ◽

C. Longbottom ◽

N.B. Pitts

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

Young Children ◽

Later Life ◽

Rate Of Change ◽

First Year ◽

Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽

Sweetened Beverages ◽

The Mean ◽

First Year Of Life ◽

Over Time

Early exposure to sweet tastes predicts similar food preferences and eating behavior in later life and is associated with childhood obesity. The aim of this study was to explore the associations of early (during the first year of life) and subsequent intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) with 4-y caries trajectories among Scottish young children. We used data from 1,111 Scottish children who were followed annually from age 12 to 48 mo (4 sweeps in total). SSB intake was reported by parents in every sweep. SSB intake was broken down into 2 components, the initial SSB intake and the deviation over time from that initial value. Childhood dental caries was clinically determined (including noncavitated and cavitated lesions) every year. The association of SSB intake with baseline decayed, missing, and filled tooth surfaces (dmfs) (intercept) and rate of change in dmfs over time (slope) was examined in 2-level linear mixed-effects models, with repeated observations nested within children. Both the initial SSB intake and the deviation from the initial SSB intake were positively associated with steeper caries trajectories. By sweep 4, the predicted mean dmfs difference was 1.73 between children with low and high initial SSB intake (1 standard deviation below and above the mean) and 1.17 between children with low and high deviation from their initial SSB intake (1 SD below and above the mean). The findings of this prospective study among Scottish young children provide evidence that the introduction of SSBs during the first year of life can put children in a trajectory of high levels of dental caries. They support current recommendations to avoid sugars for very young children and interventions targeting early feeding practices for caries prevention.

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2512. Decreasing Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy over 4 Years of Follow-up in a Commercially-Insured Population of Patients with HIV

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofz360.2190 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. S872-S872

Author(s):

Julie Priest ◽

Rachel Bhak ◽

Maral DerSarkissian ◽

Cindy Garris ◽

Alan Oglesby ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Index Date ◽

Claims Data ◽

First Year ◽

Chi Square ◽

Proportion Of Days Covered ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Hiv 1 ◽

Over Time ◽

Observation Period

Abstract Background This study compared yearly and longer term antiretroviral (ARV) adherence among HIV patients overall and by single-tablet regimens (STRs) vs. multi-tablet regimens (MTRs). Methods A retrospective study using Optum Clinformatics US-based claims data was conducted. Patients with an HIV-1 diagnosis during 2011–2017, age ≥ 18 years at index (date of first complete ARV regimen during the study period), and continuous enrollment for ≥ 3 months before index (baseline) and ≥ 12 months after index (observation) were included. MTRs were required to be comprised of 3 or more agents across at least 2 classes. Adherence was measured as the proportion of days covered (PDC) and compared using a Chi-square test. PDC was examined in the 1-year observation period for the overall analysis, and each year following index among patients with at least 4 years of continuous data. A subgroup analysis was conducted among patients with index during 2014–2016 to evaluate modern ARV adherence. Results Among the 15,153 included patients, median age was 45 years, the majority were male (88%), and 53% were in the South. At baseline, 58% (n = 8,715) were receiving an STR and 43% (n = 6,438) an MTR. Compared with STR patients, MTR patients had higher prevalence of hyperlipidemia (36% vs. 29%), cardiovascular disease (27% vs. 21%), and hypertension (25% vs. 20%). During year 1, the proportion of patients with PDC ≥ 0.90 was 63% overall (Table 1), and greater for STR than MTR (67% vs. 58%, P < .001). Among patients with at least 4 years of observation, PDC ≥ 0.90 decreased over time (from 67% in year 1 to 53% in year 4). In the subgroup of patients with index during 2014–2016 (Table 2), similar but slightly worse trends were observed, with PDC ≥ 0.90 for 57% of patients overall, and decreasing over time for those patients with at least 3 years of observation (59% in year 1 to 42% in year 3). Conclusion Adherence in this population of patients with HIV showed room for improvement in the first year of observation overall and in the modern ARV era, with those receiving STRs having higher adherence when compared with those receiving MTRs. For the patients with 4 years of follow-up, adherence tended to decrease year on year. Maintaining high rates of ARV adherence is a critically important aspect of therapy for patients with HIV. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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