scholarly journals Mask-Induced Priming and the Negative Compatibility Effect

2008 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petroc Sumner
Keyword(s):  
Opposite Direction ◽  
Compatibility Effect ◽  
Alternative Explanation ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
Motor Inhibition ◽  
Positive Priming ◽  
Motor Activation ◽  
Random Line

Abstract. Under certain conditions, masked primes have produced counter-intuitive negative compatibility effects (NCE), such that RT is increased, not decreased, when the target is similar to the prime. This NCE has been interpreted as an index of automatic motor inhibition, triggered to suppress the partial motor activation caused by the prime. An alternative explanation is that perceptual interactions between prime and mask produce positive priming in the opposite direction to the prime, explaining the NCE without postulating inhibition. Here the potential role of this “mask-induced priming” was investigated in two experiments, using masks composed of random lines. Experiment 1 compared masks that included features of the primes and targets with masks that did not. The former should create more mask-induced priming, but the NCE did not differ between masks. Experiment 2 employed masks that contained features of either one target or the other, but not both. These asymmetric masks produced significant mask-induced priming, but it was insufficient in size to account for the prime-related NCE. Thus mask composition can contribute to NCEs, but when random line masks are employed, the major source of the NCE seems to be motor-inhibition.

scholarly journals The Grand Challenge of Corporate Control: Opening strategy to the normative pressures of networked professionals

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 263178772096969
Author(s):  
Richard Whittington ◽  
Basak Yakis-Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Corporate Control ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
The Other ◽  
Grand Challenge ◽  
Big Business ◽  
Research Themes ◽  
The One ◽  
Open Strategy

We propose that the pre-eminent ‘grand challenge’ for organization theorists today is the societal control of powerful corporations. This grand challenge is the more urgent because of the contemporary inadequacies of markets, hierarchies and regulations as instruments of control. We argue for the potential role of ‘open strategy’ in mobilizing normative controls over big business. We develop a distinction between the managed and unmanaged practices of open strategy. Both can help expose corporations to normative pressures, but we highlight the unmanaged open practices of collective subpolitics and individualist whistleblowing. Especially when mobilized by globally networked professionals, these unmanaged practices can subject corporations to normative pressures where markets, hierarchies and regulations fail. We propose two broad research themes relevant to the effectiveness of managed and unmanaged practices of strategic openness: on the one hand, there are material issues to do with labour markets, organizing and technologies; on the other hand, there are discursive questions of authenticity, capability and identity.

Preliminary Studies on Bemitradine-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Female Rats

1991 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 511-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Levin ◽  
D. Semler ◽  
S. Gad ◽  
E. Burton ◽  
G. Walsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Separate Experiment ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Primary Metabolite ◽  
T Wave ◽  
Mixed Function Oxidases ◽  
Circulating Levels

The mechanism of bemitradine (SC-33643) cardiotoxicity in female rats was investigated in the set of preliminary experiments reported here. Specifically, the involvement of bemitradine metabolites and the potential role of adrenal epinephrine release were examined. Desethylbemi-tradine (the primary metabolite of bemitradine) was shown to be cardiotoxic at oral dosages greater than 300 mg/kg for 7 days. In a separate experiment, a major metabolite (bemitradine glycol) unique to the rat was not cardiotoxic at dosages up to 600 mg/kg for 7 days. Treatment of rats with SKF 525-A enhanced the lethality and the cardiotoxicity of bemitradine. In contrast, prior treatments of rats with phenobarbital resulted in decreased cardiotoxicity of both bemitradine and desethylbemitradine (a bemitradine metabolite presumably further metabolized by the microsomal mixed function oxidases). In other independent experiments, bemitradine-induced cardiotoxicity was shown to be accompanied by adrenal damage and decreases in adrenal epinephrine. Propranolol (a β-antagonist) treatment protected rats against cardiotoxicity. Bemitradine also had a direct effect on the heart, as evidenced in an experiment in which bemitradine caused dose-related increases in the T-wave of the rat ECG complex. These data suggest that (1) both bemitradine and desethylbemitradine may be responsible for the cardiotoxicity, and the other downstream metabolites are not and (2) cardiotoxicity may be due to the combination of direct effects of bemitradine on the rat heart and the bemitradine-mediated release of adrenal epinephrine (a known cardiotoxin at high circulating levels).

Emergence of New ALK Mutations at Relapse of Neuroblastoma

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (25) ◽  
pp. 2727-2734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gudrun Schleiermacher ◽  
Niloufar Javanmardi ◽  
Virginie Bernard ◽  
Quentin Leroy ◽  
Julie Cappo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sequencing ◽  
Sanger Sequencing ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Clonal Evolution ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
The Other ◽  
Therapeutic Decisions ◽  
Primary Sample ◽  
A Minor

Purpose In neuroblastoma, the ALK receptor tyrosine kinase is activated by point mutations. We investigated the potential role of ALK mutations in neuroblastoma clonal evolution. Methods We analyzed ALK mutations in 54 paired diagnosis–relapse neuroblastoma samples using Sanger sequencing. When an ALK mutation was observed in one paired sample, a minor mutated component in the other sample was searched for by more than 100,000× deep sequencing of the relevant hotspot, with a sensitivity of 0.17%. Results All nine ALK-mutated cases at diagnosis demonstrated the same mutation at relapse, in one case in only one of several relapse nodules. In five additional cases, the mutation seemed to be relapse specific, four of which were investigated by deep sequencing. In two cases, no mutation evidence was observed at diagnosis. In one case, the mutation was present at a subclonal level (0.798%) at diagnosis, whereas in another case, two different mutations resulting in identical amino acid changes were detected, one only at diagnosis and the other only at relapse. Further evidence of clonal evolution of ALK-mutated cells was provided by establishment of a fully ALK-mutated cell line from a primary sample with an ALK-mutated cell population at subclonal level (6.6%). Conclusion In neuroblastoma, subclonal ALK mutations can be present at diagnosis with subsequent clonal expansion at relapse. Given the potential of ALK-targeted therapy, the significant spatiotemporal variation of ALK mutations is of utmost importance, highlighting the potential of deep sequencing for detection of subclonal mutations with a sensitivity 100-fold that of Sanger sequencing and the importance of serial samplings for therapeutic decisions.

Dutch learner English in close-up

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanne van Vuuren ◽  
Lyuben Laskin
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Analysis ◽  
Opposite Direction ◽  
Curriculum Design ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
L1 Transfer ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Preceding Discourse

Abstract This study presents a longitudinal Bayesian analysis of pre-subject adverbial (PSA) use in a 571,174-word corpus of Dutch learner English. Overall, learners use more circumstance and linking adverbials, but fewer stance adverbials than both novice and expert native writers. Learners also use more ‘local anchors’, i.e. adverbials that serve a cohesive purpose by linking back to an antecedent in the directly preceding discourse. Interestingly, untimed essays are more native-like than timed essays in their use of each of the adverbial types considered. Although learners generally develop in the direction of native writing, the use of linking adverbials in learners’ literature essays develops in the opposite direction. L1 transfer may account for more frequent use of some categories of adverbials, particularly local anchors, but the widening gap between learners and native speakers (NSs) in the use of linking adverbials suggests that the potential role of textbook and curriculum design warrants further research.

TAFI Meets the Sticky Ends

2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuala Booth
Keyword(s):  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Thromboembolic Disease ◽  
Fibrinolytic System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Plasmin Activity ◽  
Carboxypeptidase B ◽  
Fibrinolysis Inhibitor

SummaryThe coagulation and fibrinolytic system are often considered as separate entities, despite the obvious connection that one produces fibrin, the substrate for the other. A potent example of a more subtle and yet important connection lies in thrombin’s ability to generate an inhibitor of fibrinolysis. This exemplifies the pivotal role of thrombin in haemostasis, a consequence of its broad range of activities. Thrombin activates the zymogen form of a basic carboxypeptidase, generating an active enzyme called carboxypeptidase U, carboxypeptidase R, plasma carboxypeptidase B or TAFIa, thrombin activable fibrinolysis inhibitor (reviewed in 1-4; references from the reviews are not cited here). The activated carboxypeptidase removes C-terminal basic residues from fibrin. C-terminal Lys residues are key to binding t-PA and plasminogen, and thus to generating plasmin activity, a mechanism by which partially-lysed fibrin amplifies plasmin formation. The removal of these C-terminal Lys residues therefore decreases local fibrinolytic activity (Fig. 1). Several recent studies, two of which appear in this issue of Thrombosis and Haemostasis (5, 6), add to our knowledge of this activity and its potential role in thromboembolic disease.

scholarly journals Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Strategies and the Potential Role of miRNA in the Assessment of COVID-19 Morbidity, Recurrence, and Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 8663
Author(s):  
Maria Narożna ◽  
Błażej Rubiś
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
The Other ◽  
Virus Elimination ◽  
High Importance ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
The Face

Recently, we have experienced a serious pandemic. Despite significant technological advances in molecular technologies, it is very challenging to slow down the infection spread. It appeared that due to globalization, SARS-CoV-2 spread easily and adapted to new environments or geographical or weather zones. Additionally, new variants are emerging that show different infection potential and clinical outcomes. On the other hand, we have some experience with other pandemics and some solutions in virus elimination that could be adapted. This is of high importance since, as the latest reports demonstrate, vaccine technology might not follow the new, mutated virus outbreaks. Thus, identification of novel strategies and markers or diagnostic methods is highly necessary. For this reason, we present some of the latest views on SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 therapeutic strategies and raise a solution based on miRNA. We believe that in the face of the rapidly increasing global situation and based on analogical studies of other viruses, the possibility of using the biological potential of miRNA technology is very promising. It could be used as a promising diagnostic and prognostic factor, as well as a therapeutic target and tool.

The potential role of university libraries’ manpower, collections, services, facilities and activities in promoting national security in times of crises in Upper Egypt

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4/5) ◽  
pp. 182-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Essam Mansour
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Field Trips ◽  
The Other ◽  
Upper Egypt ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Professional Characteristics ◽  
Library Staff ◽  
The University

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the potential role of South Valley University (SVU) libraries’ manpower, collections, and services in the fight against terrorism in Upper Egypt. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative research methodology was used in the form of a survey, which was undertaken from June to July 2015. The survey instrument was a self-administered questionnaire. The target population comprised the academic library staff (n=127) working in SVU libraries who were contacted to answer the structured questionnaire, of whom 93 library staff responded and returned their valid questionnaires, representing 73.2 percent of the whole library staff in the SVU. Findings Demographically, two-thirds of the SVU library staff were males and a large number of them are aged between 26 and 40 years, and 79.6 percent have a bachelor’s degree. The speciality of two-thirds of SVU library staff was library science, of whom a large number were librarians with lengthy work experience. This study showed that printed materials were the most adequate collections in the SVU libraries. Other materials, such as CDs/DVDs, audiovisual materials, microfilm and microfiche, online resources and electronic materials, respectively, were inadequate at SVU libraries. Few of the services provided by SVU libraries were characterized as adequate services; some are inadequate and other services do not exist. The average of the facilities provided by SVU libraries was somewhat adequate. A large number of the library staff showed that facilities, such as the availability of the learning labs were, at least, adequate for their needs. Activities, such as holding social field trips, holding training workshops, and holding academic field trips were, at least, somewhat adequate to SVU libraries. Other activities were also described to be either inadequate, such as holding lectures, seminars, conferences, etc. and library orientation, or not applicable such as activities related to bibliographic instruction. This study revealed that SVU libraries had no significant role in fighting the phenomenon of terrorism in Upper Egypt. There is no a reliable relationship between the professional characteristics of the SVU library staff and the potential role that their libraries may play in the fight against this phenomenon. Because of the lack of SVU libraries’ collections, services, facilities, and activities, this study concluded that such a role could not be achieved. Almost all the library staff admitted that this severe lack has affected the provision of library patrons and members of the library community to use these collections and services, which help in countering the threat of terrorism. Despite the significance of all these problems faced by SVU libraries in the fight against terrorism, it was found that the inadequacy of the librarys’ open hours is significantly correlated with the professional characteristics of the library staff, particularly their job title and work experience. Research limitations/implications This study investigates the potential role of SVU libraries’ manpower, collections, and services in the fight against terrorism in Upper Egypt. It covers none of the other universities or any type of other library. Any findings and conclusions resulting from this study are limited in scope to only the libraries of this university. The size, convenience and homogeneity of the sample may limit the generalizability of this study. The study was conducted with a survey approach, which was the most suitable research method technique to reach the community of the study. However, for further research, investigating more specific information about such or related topics, other methods/approaches should be used to investigate the potential role of the university library, as well as the other kinds of libraries, such as public and special libraries to combat terrorism. Practical implications This study provides valuable insight into the potential role the university library can have in the fight against terrorism in one of the most important countries hit recently by this brutal phenomenon. The study focuses on libraries of one of the regional universities called the SVU, located in the Southern part of Egypt that is called the Upper Egypt. This deep part of Egypt is one of the places most affected by barbaric terrorism. The study tries to explore how much these libraries are ready to combat this terrorism in terms of sizable, suitable, accessible, qualified, and relevant collections, as well as services, facilities and activities provided by these libraries. Originality/value This study is to be the first one of its kind conducted in the Arab world where Egypt is located and one of the very few studies conducted on this topic in the world. The importance of this study strongly emanates from its subject that has dominated the obsession of all Egyptians living inside and outside Egypt over the past five years.

Selection of the persistent, seed-retaining cultivar, Australian II, within the gene pool of Phalaris aquatica L. cv. Australian

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 733 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Oram ◽  
P. M. Dowling ◽  
P. J. Cunningham ◽  
M. W. Anderson ◽  
R. A. Culvenor
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Seedling Density ◽  
Continuous Grazing ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Selection Of

Crosses were made between Australian and its seed-retaining, but inbred derivative, Uneta, to develop a vigorous, grazing-tolerant, seed-retaining phalaris cultivar similar to cv. Australian. Forty-two half-sib families from seed-retaining F 2 plants were sown in replicated plots near Orange, NSW, Canberra, ACT, and Hamilton, Victoria, in 1993. These were compared with 9 different accessions of cv. Australian, 1 certified line of cv. Uneta (duplicated), and the winter-active cultivars, Holdfast, Sirosa and Sirolan. Heavy, continuous grazing by sheep was imposed at each site from autumn, 1994, a drought year at Canberra. Seedling density was lower (Canberra site) and above-ground seedling dry weight (Canberra and Orange sites) was higher (P<0.05) in the winter-active group than in the Australian-type controls and half-sib families in 1993. At Canberra and Orange, the winter-active cultivars flowered about the same time as Australian and Uneta, but the half-sib families flowered 6–8 days later. The percentage of the ground surface occupied by phalaris tillers as estimated by point quadrats was similar in the families, Australian and Uneta during the winters of 1994 and 1995, but the families had denser stands in 1996. Swards of the winter-active cultivars were sparser (P&lt;0.05) than those of the others, especially at Hamilton and Orange, but the winter-active cultivars yielded more, after a 6-week break from grazing, than the other lines at Canberra (P<0.05) and Hamilton (not significant) in 1995. Based on these data, 8 half-sib families with high herbage yield and high ground cover in 1995 were selected. These families flowered 1 week later than Australian, and to correct this, a ninth, early flowering genotype was added to form a new cultivar, Australian II. The potential role of this cultivar as a drought hardy, strongly persistent, grazing tolerant, high ground cover, seed-retaining replacement for cv. Australian in cooler regions is discussed.

scholarly journals Attitudes Toward Menopause

1993 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Gannon ◽  
Bonnie Ekstrom
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Life Transitions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Medical Context ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Impact

This research examined the influence of sociocultural paradigms of menopause on attitudes toward menopause. Five hundred eighty-one women and men, between the ages of 18 and 85, were assigned to one of three groups distinguished by the context within which they expressed their attitudes toward menopause. The contexts were designed to reflect particular paradigms: one group described their attitudes toward three medical problems, including menopause; a second group described their attitudes toward three life transitions, including menopause; and a third group described their attitudes toward three symbols of aging, including menopause. Positive and negative subscales of the attitude questionnaires for menopause were analyzed for context and age/experience. Results indicated that the medical context elicited significantly more negative and fewer positive attitudes than did the other two contexts, particularly among older participants. In general, women's attitudes were more positive than were men's, and attitudes became increasingly positive with age and/or experience. The discussion includes the potential role of attitudes as mediating the impact of sociocultural paradigms on experience and behavior.

scholarly journals The Potential Role of Sulbactam and Cephalosporins Plus Daptomycin Against Daptomycin-Nonsusceptible VISA and H-VISA Isolates: An in Vitro Study

Antibiotics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lai ◽  
Chen ◽  
Lu ◽  
Lin ◽  
Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Drug Combinations ◽  
The Other ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Almost All

This study assesses the synergistic effect of the combination of cephalosporins and sulbactam with daptomycin against daptomycin-nonsusceptible, vancomycin-intermediate resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) or heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (h-VISA) isolates. The in vitro activity of daptomycin against daptomycin-nonsusceptible VISA/h-VISA isolates after adding cephalosporins with or without sulbactam was evaluated. The MIC of daptomycin against the VISA/h-VISA isolates was reduced after adding cephalosporins to daptomycin. Except for one VISA and two h-VISA isolates, the other VISA/h-VISA isolates became daptomycin-susceptible (MICs 1 mg/L). After adding sulbactam to each daptomycin/cephalosporin combination, the MIC of daptomycin against the VISA/h-VISA isolates decreased for 5 (33.3%), 6 (40.0%), 6 (40.0%), and 6 (40.0%) isolates with the cefazolin, cefmetazole, cefotaxime, and cefepime combinations, respectively. Synergism using the checkerboard method was noted in 100% of cefazolin and cefotaxime combinations and 87% and 80% of cefmetazole and cefepime combinations for all the VISA and h-VISA isolates. With the addition of sulbactam, synergism was noted in 100% of cefazolin, cefmetazole, and cefotaxime combinations and 93% of the cefepime combinations for all the VISA and h-VISA isolates. Almost all the FICs for the three-drug combinations were lower than those for the two-drug combinations. Using time-killing methods, a synergistic effect against five h-VISA isolates was observed. A synergistic effect of daptomycin, sulbactam, and each cephalosporin was observed for all VISA isolates. In conclusion, the activity of daptomycin against daptomycin-nonsusceptible VISA/h-VISA isolates can be enhanced by adding cephalosporins, and partially further promoted by sulbactam.

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