Selection of the persistent, seed-retaining cultivar, Australian II, within the gene pool of Phalaris aquatica L. cv. Australian

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 733 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Oram ◽  
P. M. Dowling ◽  
P. J. Cunningham ◽  
M. W. Anderson ◽  
R. A. Culvenor
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Seedling Density ◽  
Continuous Grazing ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Selection Of

Crosses were made between Australian and its seed-retaining, but inbred derivative, Uneta, to develop a vigorous, grazing-tolerant, seed-retaining phalaris cultivar similar to cv. Australian. Forty-two half-sib families from seed-retaining F 2 plants were sown in replicated plots near Orange, NSW, Canberra, ACT, and Hamilton, Victoria, in 1993. These were compared with 9 different accessions of cv. Australian, 1 certified line of cv. Uneta (duplicated), and the winter-active cultivars, Holdfast, Sirosa and Sirolan. Heavy, continuous grazing by sheep was imposed at each site from autumn, 1994, a drought year at Canberra. Seedling density was lower (Canberra site) and above-ground seedling dry weight (Canberra and Orange sites) was higher (P<0.05) in the winter-active group than in the Australian-type controls and half-sib families in 1993. At Canberra and Orange, the winter-active cultivars flowered about the same time as Australian and Uneta, but the half-sib families flowered 6–8 days later. The percentage of the ground surface occupied by phalaris tillers as estimated by point quadrats was similar in the families, Australian and Uneta during the winters of 1994 and 1995, but the families had denser stands in 1996. Swards of the winter-active cultivars were sparser (P&lt;0.05) than those of the others, especially at Hamilton and Orange, but the winter-active cultivars yielded more, after a 6-week break from grazing, than the other lines at Canberra (P<0.05) and Hamilton (not significant) in 1995. Based on these data, 8 half-sib families with high herbage yield and high ground cover in 1995 were selected. These families flowered 1 week later than Australian, and to correct this, a ninth, early flowering genotype was added to form a new cultivar, Australian II. The potential role of this cultivar as a drought hardy, strongly persistent, grazing tolerant, high ground cover, seed-retaining replacement for cv. Australian in cooler regions is discussed.

Fifty years ago: ‘The scope of occupational medicine in a university health service’

2020 ◽  
pp. 202-203
Author(s):  
Anthony Ryle
Keyword(s):  
Health Service ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Occupational Medicine ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Academic Achievements ◽  
The Past ◽  
Selection Of

This series provides a selection of articles from the past. In Fifty years ago: The scope of occupational medicine in a university health service Anthony Ryle briefly explores the potential role of a University Health Service in relation to students’ academic achievements and failures, rather than their physical health and safety.

scholarly journals Are Long Noncoding RNAs New Potential Biomarkers in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTs)? The Role of H19 and MALAT1

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Badalamenti ◽  
Nadia Barraco ◽  
Lorena Incorvaia ◽  
Antonio Galvano ◽  
Daniele Fanale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Long Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Tumor Aggressiveness ◽  
Mutation Status ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Tissue Specimens ◽  
Selection Of

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as key regulators of genetic and epigenetic networks, and their deregulation may underlie complex diseases, such as carcinogenesis. Several studies described lncRNA alterations in patients with solid tumors. In particular, HOTAIR upregulation has been associated with tumor aggressiveness, metastasis, and poor survival in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) patients. We analyzed expression levels of other lncRNAs, H19 and MALAT1, in FFPE tissue specimens from 40 surgically resected and metastatic GIST patients, using real-time PCR analysis. H19 and MALAT1 were both upregulated in 50% of GIST patients. MALAT1 lncRNA expression levels seem to be correlated with c-KIT mutation status. The percentage of both H19 and MALAT1 upregulation was significantly higher in patients with time to progression (TTP) < 6 months as compared to patients with TTP > 6 months. The median TTP was significantly lower in patients with both H19 and MALAT1 lncRNA upregulation as compared to those with lncRNA downregulation. These data suggest a potential role for both H19 and MALAT1 lncRNAs as prognostic biomarker for the clinical selection of the best candidate to first-line treatment with imatinib.

scholarly journals The Grand Challenge of Corporate Control: Opening strategy to the normative pressures of networked professionals

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 263178772096969
Author(s):  
Richard Whittington ◽  
Basak Yakis-Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Corporate Control ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
The Other ◽  
Grand Challenge ◽  
Big Business ◽  
Research Themes ◽  
The One ◽  
Open Strategy

We propose that the pre-eminent ‘grand challenge’ for organization theorists today is the societal control of powerful corporations. This grand challenge is the more urgent because of the contemporary inadequacies of markets, hierarchies and regulations as instruments of control. We argue for the potential role of ‘open strategy’ in mobilizing normative controls over big business. We develop a distinction between the managed and unmanaged practices of open strategy. Both can help expose corporations to normative pressures, but we highlight the unmanaged open practices of collective subpolitics and individualist whistleblowing. Especially when mobilized by globally networked professionals, these unmanaged practices can subject corporations to normative pressures where markets, hierarchies and regulations fail. We propose two broad research themes relevant to the effectiveness of managed and unmanaged practices of strategic openness: on the one hand, there are material issues to do with labour markets, organizing and technologies; on the other hand, there are discursive questions of authenticity, capability and identity.

Preliminary Studies on Bemitradine-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Female Rats

1991 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 511-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Levin ◽  
D. Semler ◽  
S. Gad ◽  
E. Burton ◽  
G. Walsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Separate Experiment ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Primary Metabolite ◽  
T Wave ◽  
Mixed Function Oxidases ◽  
Circulating Levels

The mechanism of bemitradine (SC-33643) cardiotoxicity in female rats was investigated in the set of preliminary experiments reported here. Specifically, the involvement of bemitradine metabolites and the potential role of adrenal epinephrine release were examined. Desethylbemi-tradine (the primary metabolite of bemitradine) was shown to be cardiotoxic at oral dosages greater than 300 mg/kg for 7 days. In a separate experiment, a major metabolite (bemitradine glycol) unique to the rat was not cardiotoxic at dosages up to 600 mg/kg for 7 days. Treatment of rats with SKF 525-A enhanced the lethality and the cardiotoxicity of bemitradine. In contrast, prior treatments of rats with phenobarbital resulted in decreased cardiotoxicity of both bemitradine and desethylbemitradine (a bemitradine metabolite presumably further metabolized by the microsomal mixed function oxidases). In other independent experiments, bemitradine-induced cardiotoxicity was shown to be accompanied by adrenal damage and decreases in adrenal epinephrine. Propranolol (a β-antagonist) treatment protected rats against cardiotoxicity. Bemitradine also had a direct effect on the heart, as evidenced in an experiment in which bemitradine caused dose-related increases in the T-wave of the rat ECG complex. These data suggest that (1) both bemitradine and desethylbemitradine may be responsible for the cardiotoxicity, and the other downstream metabolites are not and (2) cardiotoxicity may be due to the combination of direct effects of bemitradine on the rat heart and the bemitradine-mediated release of adrenal epinephrine (a known cardiotoxin at high circulating levels).

Waste management schemes of potash mines in Saskatchewan

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 528-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Tallin ◽  
D. E. Pufahl ◽  
S. L. Barbour
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Hydrological Models ◽  
The Past ◽  
Management Schemes ◽  
Seepage Barriers ◽  
Selection Of

Saskatchewan's potash industry, when operating at capacity, produces 28 × 106 t of salt tailings and 11 × 106 m3 of concentrated brine per year. As a result, in excess of 250 × 106 t of tailings and lesser amounts of brine are stored on the ground surface in waste disposal basins consisting of a system of ponds and dykes. While the substantial quantities of solid waste represent an enormous task for eventual decommissioning, it is the seepage of brine into the surrounding soil and groundwater that is presently of most concern. Four general models are proposed to illustrate the role of hydrogeology in the selection of techniques for containment of potash wastes. This paper reviews waste management schemes in the Saskatchewan potash industry over the past 27 years and presents observations and qualitative evaluations of waste disposal practice of four mines that are representative of the proposed hydrological models. The four case histories identify problems that are common to all mines. The importance of design, operation, and proper monitoring programs is emphasized. The study found that a combination of different seepage barriers have been reasonably successful in preventing serious brine contamination. Shortcomings, where they exist, have been caused largely by unsatisfactory design and construction practices. These inadequacies are of concern to the industry and government regulatory agencies, but they have not yet seriously impeded orderly potash waste disposal. Key words: waste management, potash tailings, brine disposal, brine containment, seepage barriers, seepage control, refining practices, brine ponds.

thymos

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Cairns
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Psychological Process ◽  
Mental Functioning ◽  
Fundamental Point ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Psychological Activity ◽  
Different Order ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Point Of Reference

Thymos (or thumos), cognate with Indo-European words meaning “smoke,” is one of a number of terms in Greek which associate psychological activity with air and breath. In the Homeric poems, thymos is one of a family of terms associated with internal psychological process of thought, emotion, volition, and motivation. Though the range of the term’s applications in Homer is wide, that in itself gives us a sense of the unity of cognitive, affective, and desiderative processes in Homeric psychology. No post-Homeric author can rival that range, but something of the richness of the Homeric conception of thymos as an interrelated set of motivations re-emerges in Plato’s conception of the tripartite soul in the Republic and the Phaedrus. Plato’s thymos represents a pared-down model of human agency typified by one central desire or aim in life but also exhibiting whatever further capacities of persons are necessary to enable it to pursue that aim in interaction with the other elements of the personality. As in Homer, the metaphorical agency of Plato’s thymos does not detract from the notion of the individual as the real centre of agency. Plato’s conception of thymos, in turn, is a fundamental point of reference for Aristotle’s treatment of thymos as a type of desire (orexis). Though Aristotle tends more generally to use the term as a synonym for orgē (anger), there are also traces of older associations between thymos and qualities such as assertiveness and goodwill towards others. Elsewhere, thymos tends to mean “heart” or “mind” (as aspects of mental functioning), “spirit,” “inclination,” or “anger.” A selection of these uses is surveyed, but the article overall concentrates on Homer, Plato, and Aristotle, where the role of thymos is of a different order of importance.

The Need for a New Approach to Grazing Management - Is Cell Grazing the Answer?

1996 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 327 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Earl ◽  
CE Jones
Keyword(s):  
Ground Cover ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grazing Pressure ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Continuous Grazing ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions ◽  
The Stability ◽  
A Site

With any grazing method, the grazing pressure applied to an individual plant is a site, stock density and time dependent variable and the diet selection hierarchy of grazing animals is to the disadvantage of the most palatable and actively growing pasture components. The greater the differences in palatability and abundance among the components of a sward, and the lower the stock density, the greater the variation in the grazing pressure exerted. These effects are heightened when animals are set-stocked under adverse environmental conditions. This paper reports the comparative effects of cell grazing and continuous grazing on pasture composition on three properties on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales. The basal diameters, relative frequency and contribution to dry weight of the most desirablelpalatable species at each site were found to remain constant or to increase under cell grazing, while declining significantly under continuous stocking. The converse was true for the least palatable components of the pasture, which declined significantly under cell grazing but changed little under continuous grazing. Percentage ground cover was significantly higher after two years of cell grazing than under continuous grazing. These changes in pasture composition may have long-term benefits with respect to erosion control, nutrient cycling, hydrological function and the stability of animal production at the cell grazed sites.

scholarly journals Mask-Induced Priming and the Negative Compatibility Effect

2008 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petroc Sumner
Keyword(s):  
Opposite Direction ◽  
Compatibility Effect ◽  
Alternative Explanation ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
Motor Inhibition ◽  
Positive Priming ◽  
Motor Activation ◽  
Random Line

Abstract. Under certain conditions, masked primes have produced counter-intuitive negative compatibility effects (NCE), such that RT is increased, not decreased, when the target is similar to the prime. This NCE has been interpreted as an index of automatic motor inhibition, triggered to suppress the partial motor activation caused by the prime. An alternative explanation is that perceptual interactions between prime and mask produce positive priming in the opposite direction to the prime, explaining the NCE without postulating inhibition. Here the potential role of this “mask-induced priming” was investigated in two experiments, using masks composed of random lines. Experiment 1 compared masks that included features of the primes and targets with masks that did not. The former should create more mask-induced priming, but the NCE did not differ between masks. Experiment 2 employed masks that contained features of either one target or the other, but not both. These asymmetric masks produced significant mask-induced priming, but it was insufficient in size to account for the prime-related NCE. Thus mask composition can contribute to NCEs, but when random line masks are employed, the major source of the NCE seems to be motor-inhibition.

Prevention of acute kidney injury

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norbert Lameire
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Selection Of

This chapter summarizes the pharmacological interventions that can be used in the prevention of acute kidney injury (AKI). These following interventions are discussed: the use and selection of vasopressors; the administration of loop diuretics and mannitol; vasodilating drugs including dopamine, atrial natriuretic peptide, nesiritide, fenoldopam, and adenosine antagonists. The role of N-acetylcysteine in the prevention of contrast-induced AKI and cardiac surgery is discussed. The chapter concludes with a summary of the potential role of insulin-like growth factor and erythropoietin in the prevention of AKI.

scholarly journals Potential Role of Laccases in the Relationship of the Maize Late Wilt Causal Agent, Magnaporthiopsis maydis, and Its Host

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Ofir Degani ◽  
Yuval Goldblat
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Host Tissues ◽  
Adult Plants

Late wilt is a vascular disease of maize (Zea mays L.) caused by the soil-borne and seed-borne fungus Magnaporthiopsis maydis. The pathogen penetrates the roots of maize plants at the seedling stage, grows into the xylem vessels, and gradually spreads upwards. From the flowering stage to the kernel ripening, the fungal hyphae and secreted materials block the water supply in susceptible maize cultivars, leading to rapid dehydration and death. Laccase is an enzyme secreted by fungus for diverse purposes. The M. maydis laccase gene was identified in our laboratory, but under what conditions it is expressed and to what functions remain unknown. In the current study, we tested the influence of plant age and tissue source (roots or leaves) on M. maydis laccase secretion. The results show increasing laccase secretion as corn parts (as ground tissue) were added to the minimal medium (MM). Furthermore, roots stimulated laccase secretion more than leaves, and adult plants enhanced laccase secretion more than young plants. This implies the possibility that the richer lignin tissue of adult plants may cause increased secretion of the enzyme. In vitro pathogenicity assay proved the ability of M. maydis to develop inside detached roots of maize, barley, watermelon, and cotton but not peanut. Testing root powder from those plants in MM revealed a negative correlation between M. maydis growth (expressed as biomass) and laccase secretion. For example, while the addition of maize, barley, or cotton root powder led to increasing fungal dry weight, it also resulted in relatively lower laccase activity. Watermelon and peanut root powder led to opposite responses. These findings suggest a pivotal role of laccase in the ability of M. maydis to exploit and grow on different host tissues. The results encourage further examination and a deeper understanding of the laccase role in these interesting host–pathogen interactions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document