scholarly journals Smaller Than Expected

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Carina G. Giesen ◽  
Laura Nagel ◽  
Matthäus Rudolph ◽  
Klaus Rothermund
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Interaction Partner ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Subsequent Trial ◽  
Stimulus Relation ◽  
Color Categorization ◽  
Socially Excluded

Abstract. In two pre-registered studies, we investigated whether processes of imitative action regulation are facilitated after experiencing an episode of social exclusion. We reasoned that imitative action regulation effects should be more pronounced for participants who were socially excluded, providing them with an “automatic means” to socially reconnect with others. Participants played a virtual ball-tossing game to experimentally induce social exclusion or inclusion experiences. Subsequently, pairs of two participants engaged in an observational stimulus–response (SR) binding paradigm modeled after Giesen et al. (2014) : Participants observed color categorization responses in their interaction partner (trial n-1) and then executed (in)compatible responses in the subsequent trial (trial n), with observation and responding occurring in alternation. Stimulus relation (repetition vs. change) from trial n-1 to trial n was orthogonally manipulated. In both studies, stimulus-based retrieval effects of observationally acquired SR bindings were descriptively larger in socially excluded (compared with socially included) participants. However, none of the effects were statistically significant. Even a joint analysis of both experiments did not show the expected modulation. We discuss the implications of our findings for research on social exclusion effects on imitative action regulation processes.

scholarly journals Praca wychowawcza z dziewczętami wykluczonymi społecznie – w ujęciu bł. Marii Karłowskiej (1865–1935)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 337-348
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Wasilewska-Ostrowska
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
The Social ◽  
Universal Values ◽  
Socially Excluded ◽  
Work Education

Educational Work with Socially Excluded Girls – in Terms of the Blessed Maria Karłowska (1865–1935) This text presents the concept of education developed by Blessed Maria Karłowska (1865–1935). The foundress of the Congregation of the Shepherds of Divine Providence worked all her life with socially excluded people, especially girls and young women who were prostitutes. She established care and educational centers for them, where, together with her colleagues, she helped them to overcome their life crises. Several important assumptions can be distinguished in the educational system introduced by Karłowska. First of all, the social and moral development of the pupil was important. Much emphasis was placed on apprenticeship and work. Education to freedom, independence, and citizenship was also a priority, which was based on the assumptions of the pedagogy of dialogue and love. The educators had to show patience and understanding, work on the resources of the charges, and also prevent risky behaviors. Despite the passage of time, this concept has not lost its importance as it is based on universal values that are fundamental in educational work with young people at risk of social exclusion.

scholarly journals Socially Excluded Persons in Ireland Have an Increased Annual Risk of Hospitalisation Due to Venous Thromboembolic Disease

Blood ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 4702-4702
Author(s):  
Karl Ewins ◽  
Fionnuala Ni Ainle ◽  
Eoghan Dunlea ◽  
Sarah Kelliher ◽  
Vicky Sandys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Service Planning ◽  
Hospital Inpatient ◽  
Care Provision ◽  
Advisory Committees ◽  
Socially Excluded

Introduction Social exclusion in Ireland is strongly associated with injecting drug use, particularly injection of opiates into the groin: a strong risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE) (O'Reilly et al, 2015). Ní Cheallaigh et al (2017) reported a high burden of disease in socially excluded individuals in Ireland that can be effectively addressed by dedicated service planning and care provision. VTE in socially excluded persons has been identified by our group as a key knowledge gap. We have generated preliminary data demonstrating that socially excluded people account for a significant proportion of patients presenting with VTE in Dublin. Methods We extracted national Hospital InPatient Enquiry (HIPE) data from Health Atlas Ireland using the methods outlined in Kevane et al (2019). We identified individuals as "socially excluded persons" if their records contained one or more of the variables identified by Aldridge et al (2018): homeless individuals, prisoners, sex workers and individuals with substance use disorders. We identified all emergency inpatient hospital admissions for those with any diagnosis of VTE during 2017 using VTE-associated ICD-10 codes. Results There were 494,972 emergency inpatient admissions in patients >16 years during this 12 month period, of which 5,717 (1.2%) had a VTE diagnosis (55% of which were DVTs). 306 (5.3%) of hospital episodes with VTE occurred in socially excluded individuals. Applying maximum and minimum assumptions on the estimated population denominator we estimated that overall the annual incidence rate of VTE-related hospitalisation per person was approximately 10-fold higher in socially excluded individuals when compared to the general population (in which it was 0.12%). Conclusions This is the first time that an approximately ten-fold increase in the risk of hospitalisation due to VTE has been shown to be associated with social exclusion. This information was generated from national data, using surrogate identifiers for socially excluded persons. We hypothesise that detailed characterisation of VTE events in socially excluded clients will permit improved service planning and care provision for these vulnerable patients, enabling better VTE prevention and management. This may save lives and prevent the disabling and common long-term consequence of post-thrombotic syndrome with debilitating leg ulcers, which in this population results in numerous admissions and severe mobility issues. Planning such initiatives has the potential to reduce morbidity and mortality, improve quality of life but also to reduce hospital admissions (which are hugely over-represented in this patient group), save costs and resources and most importantly results in more equitable health care for socially excluded patients. Disclosures Ewins: Amgen: Other: Conference Fees & Travel Expenses; Bayer: Other: Conference Fees & Travel Expenses. Ni Ainle:BMS: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Daiichi Sankyo: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Bayer: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Boehringer: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Leo Pharma: Research Funding; Actelion: Research Funding. Cliona:Pfizer: Research Funding; MSD: Other: Travel Expenses.

Mapping social exclusion in STEM to men’s implicit bias and women’s career costs

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (40) ◽  
pp. e2026308118
Author(s):  
Emily N. Cyr ◽  
Hilary B. Bergsieker ◽  
Tara C. Dennehy ◽  
Toni Schmader
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Social Ties ◽  
Women In Science ◽  
Implicit Stereotypes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Chilly Climate ◽  
Socially Excluded ◽  
Network Metrics ◽  
Workplace Outcomes

Why are women socially excluded in fields dominated by men? Beyond the barriers associated with any minority group’s mere numerical underrepresentation, we theorized that gender stereotypes exacerbate the social exclusion of women in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) workplaces, with career consequences. Although widely discussed, clear evidence of these relationships remains elusive. In a sample of 1,247 STEM professionals who work in teams, we tested preregistered hypotheses that acts of gendered social exclusion are systematically associated with both men’s gender stereotypes (Part 1) and negative workplace outcomes for women (Part 2). Combining social network metrics of inclusion and reaction time measures of implicit stereotypes (the tendency to “think STEM, think men”), this study provides unique empirical evidence of the chilly climate women often report experiencing in STEM. Men with stronger implicit gender stereotypes had fewer social ties to female teammates. In turn, women (but not men) with fewer incoming cross-gender social ties reported worse career fit and engagement. Moderated mediation revealed that for women (but not men), cross-gender social exclusion was linked to more negative workplace outcomes via lower social fit. Effects of social exclusion were distinct from respect. We discuss the possible benefits of fostering positive cross-gender social relationships to promote women’s professional success in STEM.

SOCIAL EXCLUSION AND HEALTH INEQUALITIES IN THE TIME OF COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 1563-1581
Author(s):  
Predrag Bejaković ◽  
Marinko Škare ◽  
Romina Pržiklas Družeta
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Power Relationships ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Policies And Measures ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Employment Education ◽  
Socially Excluded

Social exclusion as a process leads to a state of multiple relative deprivations in diverse areas of social life, like employment, education, healthcare, social ties, respect. Individuals or groups may have a worse position in several areas, particularly with other individuals or groups in society. Coronavirus pandemics disproportionately affect poorer communities and socially excluded people. Socially excluded are double victims; due to their position, they are more prone to infection by a coronavirus, further increasing their exclusion. The purpose of this contribution is to provide a conceptual framework for analyzing the relationship between social exclusion and health disparities during the COVID-19 pandemic. The goal is to comprehend the causes and consequences of unequal power relationships and offer critical assessments of current policies and measures to reduce health inequalities. Health and social inequalities are a significant constraint to economic revival and a successful fight against pandemics. The extent of the economic and health crisis caused by pandemic shock largely depends on past health and social inequality.

scholarly journals The Impacts of the Presence of an Unfamiliar Dog on Emerging Adults’ Physiological and Behavioral Responses Following Social Exclusion

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Ilona Papousek ◽  
Katharina Reiter-Scheidl ◽  
Helmut K. Lackner ◽  
Elisabeth M. Weiss ◽  
Corinna M. Perchtold-Stefan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Behavioral Reactions ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Cardiac Responses ◽  
Perception Of Threat ◽  
The Social ◽  
Socially Excluded ◽  
Appraisal Processes

Research indicates that non-human attachment figures may mitigate the negative consequences of social exclusion. In the current experiment, we examined how the presence of an unfamiliar companion dog in the laboratory effects physiological and behavioral reactions in female emerging adults after social exclusion compared to inclusion. Results revealed the beneficial effects of the dog: Socially excluded participants in the company of a dog showed less aggressive behavior in response to the hot sauce paradigm compared to excluded participants in the control condition. Furthermore, cardiac responses indicated mitigated perception of threat in a subsequent insult episode when a dog was present. The presence of a dog did not impact the most instantaneous, “reflexive” response to the social exclusion as revealed by characteristic cardiac changes. Together, the findings indicate that the presence of a companion dog takes effect in a later, reflective period following a social exclusion experience, which implicates relevant social elaboration and appraisal processes.

THE USE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE FIELD OF MUNICIPAL SERVICES TO BUILD SOCIAL SECURITY OF THE PEOPLE THREATENED BY SOCIAL EXCLUSION. EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-216
Author(s):  
Michał Czuba
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Social Economy ◽  
The State ◽  
Municipal Services ◽  
The People ◽  
European Experience ◽  
The Social ◽  
Socially Excluded

The main problem of this article is the possibility of using social entrepreneurship related to the provision of communal services to strengthen the sense of social security in people threatened by social exclusion. This problem is important because ensuring social security in a direct and indirect way is the task of the state. This task also ap-plies to people who are socially excluded or at risk of this phenomenon. Its implemen-tation may take place with the participation of social economy entities, supported by the state in a financial manner as well as through appropriate legislation in the scope of shaping the conditions for the development of the social economy. The aim of this study is to get to know the scope of social economy enterprises in the municipal services and their impact on people employed in this type of institutions, including the possibility of increasing the sense of social security of this people and confirming or denying that the majority of people working in this type social economy entities are people who are socially excluded or threatened with this phenomenon.

scholarly journals Fattigdom, social eksklusion og boligforhold

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-28
Author(s):  
Jytte Kristensen ◽  
Jørgen Elm Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Socially Excluded ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Economic Inequalities ◽  
Dividing Line

Formålet med artiklen er primært at belyse, hvordan boligforholdene for fattige og socialt ekskluderede i Danmark har udviklet sig i perioden fra 1976 til 2000. Artiklen viser, at boligforholdene udgør en helt afgørende markør på socioøkonomiske uligheder i det danske samfund. Dem, der er fattige, socialt ekskluderede og som har et dårligt helbred, har langt ringere boligforhold end andre, og der er en klar intersektionalitet mellem forskellige, sårbare socioøkonomiske positioner. Artiklen viser endvidere, at der er en klar skillelinje mellem ejere og lejere i forhold til disse sårbare socioøkonomiske positioner. Lejere har for det første ringere boligforhold end ejere, og for det andet er de økonomiske uligheder mellem ejere og lejere øget markant inden for de seneste år på grund af stigende uligheder i indkomster og formuer. Artiklen giver således som noget nyt i dansk socialforskning et samlet overblik over økonomiske, sociale og boligstandardmæssige uligheder mellem dels ejere og lejere og dels mellem fattige og socialt ekskluderede og resten af befolkningen. ENGELSK ABSTRACT: Jytte Kristensen & Jørgen Elm Larsen: Poverty, Social Exclusion and Housing Conditions The purpose of this article is to examine how housing conditions for poor and socially excluded people in Denmark have developed between 1976 and 2000. The article shows that housing conditions are a decisive marker of socio-economic inequalities in Danish society. People who are poor, socially excluded, and have poor health have poorer housing conditions than others. There is a clear intersectionality between the different vulnerable socio-economic positions. The analysis indicates that there is an unmistakable dividing line between owners and tenants as regards these vulnerable socio-economic positions. Firstly tenants have poorer housing conditions than owners, and secondly the economic inequalities between owners and tenants have increased in recent years primarily due to increasing inequalities in income and wealth. The article contributes to existing scientific knowledge about housing and inequality by drawing together both existing and new evidence about the economic, social and housing inequalities between owners and tenants and between poor and social excluded people and the rest of the population. Key words: Housing conditions, poverty, social exclusion, health conditions, inequality.

scholarly journals Nexuses between Malnutrition, Social Exclusion of Children and Human Capital: A Qualitative Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-422
Author(s):  
Uzma Niaz ◽  
Nazia Malik ◽  
Sadaf Mahmood ◽  
Zahira Batool
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Academic Achievements ◽  
Malnourished Children ◽  
Interview Guide ◽  
The Government ◽  
Socially Excluded

The present study describes the parents’ attitude towards malnutrition, social exclusion of children, and human capital in three districts of South Punjab, Pakistan. The qualitative research approach is applied with three Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with parents of children. The interview guide was used to collect data and thematic analysis approach was done. It was concluded that malnutrition made the children socially excluded by damaging their health, academic achievements, and losing their interests in games. It was also concluded that no education and skills of malnourished children become socially excluded from their workplaces. Finally, it was concluded that this situation of malnutrition leads them toward social exclusion. Therefore, this social capital of the future in the shape of social exclusion of children increases the economic burden of family and ultimately nation. To overcome this issue, steps should be taken by the government and community level.

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