Daily maximum and minimum temperature trends in a climate model

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 70-1-70-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dáithí A. Stone ◽  
Andrew J. Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Temperature Trends

scholarly journals A Significant Population Signal in Iranian Temperature Records

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shouraseni Sen Roy ◽  
Mohammad Sadegh Keikhosravi Kiany ◽  
Robert C. Balling
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Temperature Trends ◽  
The World ◽  
Temperature Signal ◽  
Temperature Records ◽  
Maximum Temperatures

We assembled daily maximum and minimum temperature records for 31 stations throughout Iran over the period 1961–2010. As with many other areas of the world, we found that both the maximum and minimum temperatures were increasing overall with the minimum temperatures increasing twice as fast as the maximum temperatures. We gathered population data for the stations near the beginning and end of the temperature records and found in all seasons and for both the maximum and minimum temperatures the magnitude of population growth positively influenced the temperature trends. However, unlike so many other studies, we found the strongest population growth signal in the winter for the maximum temperatures. We found evidence that this winter-season population-temperature signal is related snow cover. Our results illustrate that any number of processes are involved in explaining trends in historical maximum and minimum temperature records.

scholarly journals Effects of Cropland Expansion on Temperature Extremes in Western India from 1982 to 2015

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 489
Author(s):  
Jinxiu Liu ◽  
Weihao Shen ◽  
Yaqian He
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Minimum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Temperature Extremes ◽  
Western India

India has experienced extensive land cover and land use change (LCLUC). However, there is still limited empirical research regarding the impact of LCLUC on climate extremes in India. Here, we applied statistical methods to assess how cropland expansion has influenced temperature extremes in India from 1982 to 2015 using a new land cover and land use dataset and ECMWF Reanalysis V5 (ERA5) climate data. Our results show that during the last 34 years, croplands in western India increased by ~33.7 percentage points. This cropland expansion shows a significantly negative impact on the maxima of daily maximum temperature (TXx), while its impacts on the maxima of daily minimum temperature and the minima of daily maximum and minimum temperature are limited. It is estimated that if cropland expansion had not taken place in western India over the 1982 to 2015 period, TXx would likely have increased by 0.74 (±0.64) °C. The negative impact of croplands on reducing the TXx extreme is likely due to evaporative cooling from intensified evapotranspiration associated with croplands, resulting in increased latent heat flux and decreased sensible heat flux. This study underscores the important influences of cropland expansion on temperature extremes and can be applicable to other geographic regions experiencing LCLUC.

Rising minimum temperature trends over India in recent decades: Implications for agricultural production

2014 ◽  
Vol 117 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Bapuji Rao ◽  
P. Santhibhushan Chowdary ◽  
V.M. Sandeep ◽  
V.U.M. Rao ◽  
B. Venkateswarlu
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Temperature Trends

Future changes in heatwaves over Africa at the convection-permitting scale

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathryn Birch ◽  
Lawrence Jackson ◽  
Declan Finney ◽  
John Marsham ◽  
Rachel Stratton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Model ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Shortwave Radiation ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Future Change ◽  
Driving Mechanisms ◽  
The Future ◽  
Convective Scale ◽  
Climate Model Simulations ◽  
The Impact

<p>Mean temperatures and their extremes have increased over Africa since the latter half of the 20th century and this trend is projected to continue, with very frequent, intense and often deadly heatwaves likely to occur very regularly over much of Africa by 2100. It is crucial that we understand the scale of the future increases in extremes and the driving mechanisms. We diagnose daily maximum wet bulb temperature heatwaves, which allows for both the impact of temperature and humidity, both critical for human health and survivability. During wet bulb heatwaves, humidity and cloud cover increase, which limits the surface shortwave radiation flux but increases longwave warming. It is found from observations and ERA5 reanalysis that approximately 30% of wet bulb heatwaves over Africa are associated with daily rainfall accumulations of more than 1 mm/day on the first day of the heatwave. The first ever pan-African convection-permitting climate model simulations of present-day and RCP8.5 future climate are utilised to illustrate the projected future change in heatwaves, their drivers and their sensitivity to the representation of convection. Compared to ERA5, the convection-permitting model better represents the frequency and magnitude of present-day wet bulb heatwaves than a version of the model with more traditional parameterised convection. The future change in heatwave frequency, duration and magnitude is also larger in the convective-scale simulation, suggesting CMIP-style models may underestimate the future change in wet bulb heat extremes over Africa. The main reason for the larger future change appears to be the ability of the model to produce larger anomalies relative to its climatology in precipitation, cloud and the surface energy balance.</p>

An Assessment of Observed and Simulated Temperature Variability in Sierra de Guadarrama (Spain)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Vegas Cañas ◽  
J. Fidel González Rouco ◽  
Jorge Navarro Montesinos ◽  
Elena García Bustamante ◽  
Etor E. Lucio Eceiza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Horizontal Resolution ◽  
Temperature Variability ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Temperature Trends ◽  
Highly Correlated

<p>This work provides a first assessment of temperature variability from interannual to multidecadal timescales in Sierra de Guadarrama, located in central Spain, from observations and regional climate model (RCM) simulations. Observational data are provided by the Guadarrama Monitoring Network (GuMNet; www.ucm.es/gumnet) at higher altitudes, up to 2225 masl, and by the Spanish Meteorological Agency (AEMet) at lower sites. An experiment at high horizontal resolution of 1 km using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) RCM, feeding from ERA Interim inputs, is used. Through model-data comparison, it is shown that the simulations are annually and seasonally highly representative of the observations, although there is a tendency in the model to underestimate observational temperatures, mostly at high altitudes. Results show that WRF provides an added value in relation to the reanalysis, with improved correlation and error metrics relative to observations.</p><p>The analysis of temperature trends shows a warming in the area during the last 20 years, very significant in autumn. When spanning the analysis to the whole observational period, back to the beginning of the 20th century at some sites, significant annual and seasonal temperature increases of 1℃/decade develop, most of them happening during de 1970s, although not as intense as during the last 20 years.</p><p>The temporal variability of temperature anomalies in the Sierra de Guadarrama is highly correlated with the temperatures in the interior of the Iberian Peninsula. This relationship can be extended broadly over south-western Europe.</p>

scholarly journals Temperature trends in Fiji: a clear signal of climate change

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravind Kumar ◽  
Mark Stephens ◽  
Tony Weir
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Temperature Trends ◽  
Clear Signal ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Using Data

This paper analyses trends in temperature in Fiji, using data from more stations (10) and longer periods (52-78 years) than previous studies. All the stations analysed show a statistically significant trend in both maximum and minimum temperature, with increases ranging from 0.08 to 0.23°C per decade. More recent temperatures show a higher rate of increase, particularly in maximum temperature (0.18 to 0.69°C per decade from 1989 to 2008). This clear signal of climate change is consistent with that found in previous studies of temperatures in Fiji and other Pacific Islands. Trends in extreme values show an even stronger signal of climate change than that for mean temperatures. Our preliminary analysis of daily maxima at 6 stations indicates that for 4 of them (Suva, Labasa, Vunisea and Rotuma) there has been a tripling in the number of days per year with temperature >32°C between 1970 and 2008. The correlations between annual mean maximum (minimum) temperature and year are mostly strong: for about half the stations the correlation coefficient exceeds 60% over 50+ years. Trends do not vary systematically with location of station. At all 7 stations for which both trends are available there is no statistically significant difference between the trends in maximum and minimum temperatures.

Influence of streamside buffers on stream temperature response following clear-cut harvesting in western Oregon

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 993-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Cole ◽  
Michael Newton
Keyword(s):  
Management Practice ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Stream Temperature ◽  
Forest Harvesting ◽  
Riparian Buffers ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Temperature Trends ◽  
Temperature Responses

Determining the effectiveness of different riparian buffers for mitigating forest-harvesting impacts on stream temperatures continues to be of interest throughout the world. Four small, low or medium elevation streams in managed western Oregon forests were studied to determine how the arrangement and amount of streamside retention strips (buffers) in clear-cut units influenced stream temperatures. Buffers included (i) no tree, (ii) predominantly sun-sided 12 m wide partial, and (iii) two-sided (Best Management Practice, (BMP)) 15–30 m wide buffers. Harvested units alternated with uncut units along 1800–2600 m study reaches. Impacts of harvesting on stream temperatures were determined by time series comparisons of postharvest and preharvest regressions. Trends for daily maximum and mean stream temperature significantly increased after harvest in no tree buffer units. Partial buffers led to slight (<2 °C) or no increased warming. BMP units led to significantly increased warming, slight, or no increased warming. Temperature responses in uncut units appeared to be linked to responses in upstream harvested units. In many instances, when harvested units exhibited significantly higher postharvest trends, lower trends were observed in the uncut units downstream. Stream temperature trends of 7 day moving maxima indicated warming through the no tree buffer units and some of the BMP units. Peaks in maxima were not maintained in downstream units. Stream temperature responses were related to buffer implementation and stream features, relating to cooling and warming.

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