scholarly journals Interannual Variation of Upper Stratospheric Ozone in the Northern Midlatitudes in Early Winter Caused by Planetary Waves

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 (24) ◽  
pp. 14347-14361
Author(s):  
H. Ohyama ◽  
T. Sugita ◽  
H. Akiyoshi ◽  
T. Nagahama ◽  
A. Mizuno
Keyword(s):  
Interannual Variation ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Planetary Waves ◽  
Early Winter

scholarly journals Detection of a climatological short break in the Polar Night Jet in early winter and its relation to cooling over Siberia

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuta Ando ◽  
Koji Yamazaki ◽  
Yoshihiro Tachibana ◽  
Masayo Ogi ◽  
Jinro Ukita
Keyword(s):  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
Heat Capacities ◽  
Planetary Waves ◽  
Early Winter ◽  
Polar Night ◽  
Dynamical Balance

Abstract. The Polar Night Jet (PNJ) is a strong stratospheric westerly circumpolar wind at around 65° N in winter, and the strength of the climatological PNJ is widely recognized to increase monotonically from October through late December. Remarkably, the climatological PNJ temporarily stops increasing during late November. We examined this short break in terms of the atmospheric dynamical balance and found that it results from an increase in the upward propagation of climatological planetary waves from the troposphere to the stratosphere in late November, which coincides with a maximum of the climatological Eliassen–Palm flux convergence in the lower stratosphere. The upward propagation of planetary waves at 100 hPa, which is strongest over Siberia, is related to the climatological strengthening of the tropospheric trough over Siberia. We suggest that longitudinally asymmetric forcing by land–sea heating contrasts caused by their different heat capacities can account for the strengthening of the trough.

scholarly journals Stratospheric impact on the Northern Hemisphere winter and spring ozone interannual variability in the troposphere

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junhua Liu ◽  
Jose M. Rodriguez ◽  
Luke D. Oman ◽  
Anne R. Douglass ◽  
Mark A. Olsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Tropospheric Ozone ◽  
Interannual Variation ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Lower Troposphere ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Vertical Extent ◽  
Pinatubo Eruption ◽  
Tropospheric O3 ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. In this study we use O3 and stratospheric O3 tracer simulations from the high-resolution Goddard Earth Observing System, Version 5 (GEOS-5) Replay run (MERRA-2 GMI at 0.5° model resolution ~ 50 km) and observations from ozonesondes to investigate the interannual variation and vertical extent of the stratospheric ozone impact on tropospheric ozone. Our work focuses on the winter and spring seasons over North America and Europe. The model reproduces the observed interannual variation of tropospheric O3, except for the Pinatubo period from 1991 to 1995 over the region of North America. Ozonesonde data show a negative ozone anomaly in 1992–1994 following the Pinatubo eruption, with recovery thereafter. The simulated anomaly is only half the magnitude of that observed. Our analysis suggests that the simulated Stratosphere-troposphere exchange (STE) flux deduced from the analysis might be too strong over the North American (50° N–70° N) region after the Mt. Pinatubo eruption in the early 1990s, masking the impact of lower stratospheric O3 concentration on tropospheric O3. European ozonesonde measurements show a similar but weaker O3 depletion after the Mt. Pinatubo eruption, which is fully reproduced by the model. Analysis based on a stratospheric O3 tracer (StratO3) identifies differences in strength and vertical extent of stratospheric ozone influence on the tropospheric ozone interannual variation (IAV) between North America and Europe. Over North America, the StratO3 IAV has a significant impact on tropospheric O3 from the upper to lower troposphere and explains about 60 % and 66 % of simulated O3 IAV at 400 hPa, ~ 11 % and 34 % at 700 hPa in winter and spring respectively. Over Europe, the influence is limited to the middle to upper troposphere, and becomes much smaller at 700 hPa. The stronger and deeper stratospheric contributions in the tropospheric O3 IAV over North America shown by the model is likely related to ozonesondes' being closer to the polar vortex in winter with lower geopotential height, lower tropopause height, and stronger coupling to the Arctic Oscillation in the lower troposphere (LT) than over Europe.

scholarly journals Influence of transport and mixing in autumn on stratospheric ozone variability over the Arctic in early winter

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 7921-7930
Author(s):  
D. Blessmann ◽  
I. Wohltmann ◽  
M. Rex
Keyword(s):  
Transport Model ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Vortex Formation ◽  
Polar Vortex ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Early Winter ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Ozone Amount ◽  
High Fraction ◽  
Transport And Mixing

Abstract. Early winter ozone mixing ratios in the Arctic middle stratosphere show an interannual variability of about 10%. We show that ozone variability in early January is caused by dynamical processes during Arctic polar vortex formation in autumn (September to December). Observational data from satellites and ozone sondes are used in conjunction with simulations of the chemistry and transport model ATLAS to examine the relationship between the meridional and vertical origin of air enclosed in the polar vortex and its ozone amount. For this, we use a set of artificial model tracers to deduce the origin of the air masses in the vortex in January in latitude and altitude in September. High vortex mean ozone mixing ratios are correlated with a high fraction of air from low latitudes enclosed in the vortex and a high fraction of air that experienced small net subsidence (in a Lagrangian sense). As a measure for the strength of the Brewer-Dobson circulation and meridional mixing in autumn, we use the Eliassen-Palm flux through the mid-latitude tropopause averaged from September to November. In the lower stratosphere, this quantity correlates well with the origin of air enclosed in the vortex and reasonably well with the ozone amount in early winter.

scholarly journals Atmospheric tracers during the 2003–2004 stratospheric warming event and impact of ozone intrusions in the troposphere

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 2157-2170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Liu ◽  
C. X. Liu ◽  
H. P. Wang ◽  
X. X. Tie ◽  
S. T. Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polar Region ◽  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Polar Vortex ◽  
Planetary Waves ◽  
Chemical Transport Model ◽  
Ozone Concentrations ◽  
Ozone Flux ◽  
Atmospheric Tracers

Abstract. We use the stratospheric/tropospheric chemical transport model MOZART-3 to study the distribution and transport of stratospheric O3 during the remarkable stratospheric sudden warming event observed in January 2004 in the northern polar region. A comparison between observations by the MIPAS instrument on board the ENVISAT spacecraft and model simulations shows that the evolution of the polar vortex and of planetary waves during the warming event plays an important role in controlling the spatial distribution of stratospheric ozone and the downward ozone flux in the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere (UTLS) region. Compared to the situation during the winter of 2002–2003, lower ozone concentrations were transported from the polar region to mid-latitudes, leading to exceptional large areas of low ozone concentrations outside the polar vortex and "low-ozone pockets" in the middle stratosphere. The unusually long-lasting stratospheric westward winds (easterlies) during the 2003–2004 event greatly restricted the upward propagation of planetary waves, causing the weak transport of ozone-rich air originated from low latitudes to the middle polar stratosphere (30 km). The restricted wave activities led to a reduced extratropical downward ozone flux from the lower stratosphere to the lowermost stratosphere (or from the "overworld" into the "middleworld"), especially over East Asia. Consequently, during wintertime (15 December~15 February), the total downward ozone transport on 100 hPa surface by the descending branches of Brewer-Dobson circulation over this region was about 10% lower during the 2003–2004 event. Meanwhile, the extratropical total cross-tropopause ozone flux (CTOF) was also reduced by ~25%. Compared to the cold 1999–2000 winter, the vertical CTOF in high latitudes (60°~90° N) increased more than 10 times during the two warming winters, while the vertical CTOF in mid-latitudes (30°~60° N) decreased by 20~40%. Moreover, during the two warming winters, the meridional CTOF caused by the isentropic transport associating with the enhanced wave activity also increased and played an important role in the total extratropical CTOF budget.

scholarly journals Detection of a climatological short break in the polar night jet in early winter and its relation to cooling over Siberia

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 12639-12661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuta Ando ◽  
Koji Yamazaki ◽  
Yoshihiro Tachibana ◽  
Masayo Ogi ◽  
Jinro Ukita
Keyword(s):  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
Heat Capacities ◽  
Planetary Waves ◽  
Early Winter ◽  
Polar Night ◽  
Dynamical Balance ◽  
Seasonal March

Abstract. The polar night jet (PNJ) is a strong stratospheric westerly circumpolar wind at around 65∘ N in winter, and the strength of the climatological PNJ is widely recognized to increase from October through late December. Remarkably, the climatological PNJ temporarily stops increasing during late November. We examined this “short break” in terms of the atmospheric dynamical balance and the climatological seasonal march. We found that it results from an increase in the upward propagation of climatological planetary waves from the troposphere to the stratosphere in late November, which coincides with a maximum of the climatological Eliassen–Palm (EP) flux convergence in the lower stratosphere. The upward propagation of planetary waves at 100 hPa, which is strongest over Siberia, is related to the climatological strengthening of the tropospheric trough over Siberia. We suggest that longitudinally asymmetric forcing by land–sea heating contrasts caused by their different heat capacities can account for the strengthening of the trough.

scholarly journals Influence of transport and mixing in autumn on stratospheric ozone variability over the Arctic in early winter

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 15083-15113
Author(s):  
D. Blessmann ◽  
I. Wohltmann ◽  
M. Rex
Keyword(s):  
Transport Model ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Vortex Formation ◽  
Polar Vortex ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Early Winter ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Ozone Amount ◽  
High Fraction ◽  
Transport And Mixing

Abstract. Early winter ozone mixing ratios in the Arctic middle stratosphere show a fair amount of interannual variability. We show that ozone variability in early January is caused by dynamical processes during Arctic polar vortex formation in autumn (September to December). Observational data from satellites and ozone sondes are used in conjunction with simulations of the Chemistry and Transport Model ATLAS to examine the relationship between the meridional and vertical origin of air enclosed in the polar vortex and its ozone amount. For this, we use a set of artificial model tracers to deduce the origin of the air masses in the vortex in January in latitude and altitude in September. High vortex mean ozone mixing ratios are related to a high fraction of air from low latitudes enclosed in the vortex and a high fraction of air that experienced small net subsidence. As a measure for the strength of the Brewer-Dobson circulation and meridional mixing in autumn, we use the Eliassen-Palm flux through the mid-latitude tropopause averaged from August to November. In the lower stratosphere, this quantity correlates well with both the ozone amount in early winter and the origin of air enclosed in the vortex.

scholarly journals Preconditions for the ozone hole decrease in 2017

2018 ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Kravchenko ◽  
Oleksandr Evtushevsky ◽  
Asen Grytsai ◽  
Gennadii Milinevsky ◽  
Andrew Klekociuk
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Polar Region ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Planetary Waves ◽  
Ozone Hole ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Stratospheric Temperature ◽  
Hole Area ◽  
The Antarctic

The ozone hole over Antarctica in the spring months of September–November 2017 was one of the smallest during the period of its existence. The analysis of the annual preconditions for the formation of the ozone hole, made by the authors earlier, determined the criterion for estimation of its possible state in the next spring season. The criterion is the amplitude of planetary waves in the stratospheric temperature averaged for August (last month of the Antarctic winter). Dynamical disturbances caused by planetary waves in the winter months make a significant contribution to the variations in ozone losses in the spring. Already in the late August 2017, a conclusion was made on the possible ozone hole weakening in the following months to about the third smallest value of its area in the past two decades. Satellite observations have confirmed a significant decrease in the ozone hole area and stratospheric ozone losses in the southern polar region in 2017. The results of the work are important not only for predicting anomalous ozone losses in the spring months, but also for estimations of possible changes in ultraviolet radiation that reaches the surface and influences the ecosystem of the seas and oceans in the subantarctic zone.

scholarly journals Stratospheric impact on the Northern Hemisphere winter and spring ozone interannual variability in the troposphere

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 6417-6433
Author(s):  
Junhua Liu ◽  
Jose M. Rodriguez ◽  
Luke D. Oman ◽  
Anne R. Douglass ◽  
Mark A. Olsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Interannual Variability ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
North American ◽  
Tropospheric Ozone ◽  
Interannual Variation ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Lower Troposphere ◽  
Pinatubo Eruption ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. In this study we use ozone and stratospheric ozone tracer simulations from the high-resolution (0.5∘×0.5∘) Goddard Earth Observing System, Version 5 (GEOS-5), in a replay mode to study the impact of stratospheric ozone on tropospheric ozone interannual variability (IAV). We use these simulations in conjunction with ozonesonde measurements from 1990 to 2016 during the winter and spring seasons. The simulations include a stratospheric ozone tracer (StratO3) to aid in the evaluation of the impact of stratospheric ozone IAV on the IAV of tropospheric ozone at different altitudes and locations. The model is in good agreement with the observed interannual variation in tropospheric ozone, except for the post-Pinatubo period (1992–1994) over the region of North America. Ozonesonde data show a negative ozone anomaly in 1992–1994 following the Pinatubo eruption, with recovery thereafter. The simulated anomaly is only half the magnitude of that observed. Our analysis suggests that the simulated stratosphere–troposphere exchange (STE) flux deduced from the analysis might be too strong over the North American (50–70∘ N) region after the Mt. Pinatubo eruption in the early 1990s, masking the impact of lower stratospheric ozone concentration on tropospheric ozone. European ozonesonde measurements show a similar but weaker ozone depletion after the Mt. Pinatubo eruption, which is fully reproduced by the model. Analysis based on the stratospheric ozone tracer identifies differences in strength and vertical extent of stratospheric ozone impact on the tropospheric ozone interannual variation (IAV) between North America and Europe. Over North American stations, the StratO3 IAV has a significant impact on tropospheric ozone from the upper to lower troposphere and explains about 60 % and 66 % of the simulated ozone IAV at 400 hPa and ∼11 % and 34 % at 700 hPa in winter and spring, respectively. Over European stations, the influence is limited to the middle to upper troposphere and becomes much smaller at 700 hPa. The Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2), assimilated fields exhibit strong longitudinal variations over Northern Hemisphere (NH) mid-high latitudes, with lower tropopause height and lower geopotential height over North America than over Europe. These variations associated with the relevant variations in the location of tropospheric jet flows are responsible for the longitudinal differences in the stratospheric ozone impact, with stronger effects over North America than over Europe.

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