Male and Female Causal Models of Pilot Skill Acquisition: A Preliminary Evaluation

Among the various innovative products obtainable from hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) waste biomass originating from different industrial processes, the essential oil (EO) deserves special attention in order to understand its possible application in different fields, such as cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and botanical insecticides. For the purpose, in the present work, we studied the chemical composition of EOs obtained from different hemp varieties, namely Felina 32 and Carmagnola Selezionata (CS) using monoecious, male, and female inflorescences, and we evaluated their mosquitocidal activities on larvae and pupae of two main malaria vectors, Anopheles gambiae and An. stephensi. Then, in order to evaluate the safe use of hemp EOs for operators, the potential pro- or anti-inflammatory effect of hemp EOs together with their toxicological profile were determined on dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes. Given the promising results obtained by insecticidal and anti-inflammatory studies, a preliminary evaluation of EOs encapsulation into nanoemulsions (NEs) has been performed with the aim to develop a formulation able to improve their poor physicochemical stability. Felina 32 and CS inflorescences provided EOs with an interesting chemical profile, with monoterpene and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons as the major components. This study highlighted the potential application of male inflorescences, which are usually discharged during hemp product processing. These EOs could be exploited as potential sustainable and eco-friendly insecticides, given their capability to be toxic against mosquitoes and the possibility to use them to prepare stable and safe formulations. The LC50 values found in this study (<80 ppm) are lower, on average, than those of many plant EOs, with the advantage of using an industrial waste product. From MTT assay and gene and protein expression analysis, EOs showed no cytotoxicity at the appropriate doses and exerted an anti-inflammatory effect on the human cell lines tested. These findings encourage further applied research on hemp EOs in order support their industrial exploitation.

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The Death Attitudes of Older Adults: A Path-Analytical Exploration

OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying ◽

10.2190/b356-akee-hbma-9yr3 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 59-76 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bill D. Bell ◽

Constance T. Batterson

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Urban Area ◽

Significant Role ◽

Causal Models ◽

Elderly Male ◽

Male And Female ◽

Death Attitudes ◽

Attitudes Toward Death ◽

The Social ◽

Relevant Variables

The present study examines the effects of contemporaneous circumstances on the death attitudes of older adults. Three causal models “explaining” death attitudes were formulated by abstracting relevant variables from the social and psychological literature on age. These models were subsequently tested on data derived from interviews with 220 elderly male and female respondents residing in an urban area of central Arkansas in the spring of 1974. The data lend little support to any of the three models. In general, less than 13 per cent of the attitudinal variance was accounted for by the factors or events employed. The findings suggest that the present social and psychological environment of the aged plays a less significant role in their attitudes toward death than is presently reflected in social gerontology.

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Development and preliminary evaluation of CBT+: A clinician-controlled just-in-time adaptive intervention system designed to promote acquisition and utilization of cognitive-behavioral therapy skills in bulimia nervosa. (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.18261 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Paakhi Srivastava

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽

Bulimia Nervosa ◽

Skill Acquisition ◽

Behavioral Therapy ◽

Pilot Trial ◽

Cognitive Behavioral ◽

Just In Time ◽

Preliminary Evaluation ◽

Management Skills ◽

Self Monitoring

BACKGROUND Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for bulimia nervosa (BN) is most effective when patients demonstrate adequate skill utilization (i.e., the frequency with which a patient practices or uses therapeutic skills) and skill acquisition (i.e., the ability to successfully perform a skill learned in treatment). However, rates of utilization and acquisition of key treatment skills (e.g. regular eating, urge management skills, mood management skills) by the end of treatment are frequently low and outcomes from CBT for BN suffer as a result. Just-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAIs) may be able to improve skill acquisition and utilization via the delivery of real time interventions during algorithm-identified opportunities for skill practice. OBJECTIVE In the current manuscript, we describe a newly-developed JITAI system called CBT+ that is designed to facilitate acquisition and utilization of CBT for BN treatment skills when used as a treatment augmentation. We also present feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary outcomes data from a small proof-of-concept pilot trial (n=5 patients, n=3 clinicians) designed to identify opportunities for iterative development of CBT+ ahead of a larger ongoing RCT. METHODS Five individuals with BN received 16 sessions of outpatient CBT for BN while using the CBT+ app. Data were collected from patients and clinicians to evaluate the feasibility (e.g., app usage, user compliance), acceptability (e.g., qualitative patient and clinician feedback), and preliminary outcomes (e.g., improvements in skill use and acquisition, BN symptoms) of the CBT+ system. RESULTS Preliminary findings indicated that the CBT+ system was acceptable to both patients and clinicians. Patients reported that CBT+ was relatively low burden (e.g., quick and easy to use self-monitoring interface) and compliance with in-app self -monitoring was high (mean entries per day =3.13). JITAIs were perceived as useful by both patients (M= 4.63/6.00) and clinicians (M=4.94/6.00) in encouraging the use of CBT skills. Large improvements in CBT skills and clinically significant declines in BN symptoms were observed by post-treatment. CONCLUSIONS CBT+, the first-ever JITAI system designed to facilitate acquisition and utilization of CBT for BN treatment skills when used as a treatment augmentation, was shown to be feasible and acceptable. Areas for iterative improvement of the CBT+ system ahead of an RCT are discussed.

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Balinese Mothers Developmental Timetables For Young Children

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi32.7-8.1992.106-25 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (7-8) ◽

pp. 106-25

Author(s):

Phoebe Dauz Williams ◽

Soetjiningsih Soetjiningsih

Keyword(s):

Child Development ◽

Young Children ◽

Skill Acquisition ◽

Total Sample ◽

Male And Female ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Urban Mothers ◽

Female Children ◽

Rural Mothers ◽

Structured Questionnaire

Cultures differ from one another in the types of competence that adults encourage in children, the age at which they expect a given skill to be acquired, and the level of proficiency they want children to achieve. The concept of developmental timetables refers to the ages at which parents expect skills to appear in children. The purpose of the study was to investigate the developmental timetables of rural and urban mothers in Bali, Indonesia, and the extent to which mother’s teach children various skills before Kindergarten age. The total sample was 200, 100 rural mothers and 100 urban mothers in the regency of Badung. Mothers responded to a structured questionnaire which was read to them aloud by trained interviewers who then recorded the responses. All the mothers had children between 4-6 years old; equal numbers of male and female children were included, and the entire economic and educational ranges were represented. Results showed that urban and rural mothers differed in their age expectations of children's development. Rural mothers reported wider age ranges as well as older mean ages of skill acquisition by children compared to urban mothers. Furthermore, specific caregiving activities, were performed earlier by urban mothers compared to rural mothers. However, reading the first book to the child was both quite late for urban and rural mothers. The implications of the findings to child development were discussed.

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The Clinical, Roentgenological and Morphological Effects of an Acute Exposure of Phosgene on the Lungs of Dogs

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100065237 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. 236-237

Author(s):

R. F. Bils ◽

W. F. Diller ◽

F. Huth

Keyword(s):

Latent Period ◽

Chemical Industry ◽

Toxic Substance ◽

Lung Edema ◽

X Rays ◽

Beagle Dogs ◽

Male And Female ◽

Morphological Alterations ◽

Before And After ◽

Electron Microscopes

Phosgene still plays an important role as a toxic substance in the chemical industry. Thiess (1968) recently reported observations on numerous cases of phosgene poisoning. A serious difficulty in the clinical handling of phosgene poisoning cases is a relatively long latent period, up to 12 hours, with no obvious signs of severity. At about 12 hours heavy lung edema appears suddenly, however changes can be seen in routine X-rays taken after only a few hours' exposure (Diller et al., 1969). This study was undertaken to correlate these early changes seen by the roengenologist with morphological alterations in the lungs seen in the'light and electron microscopes.Forty-two adult male and female Beagle dogs were selected for these exposure experiments. Treated animals were exposed to 94.5-107-5 ppm phosgene for 10 min. in a 15 m3 chamber. Roentgenograms were made of the thorax of each animal before and after exposure, up to 24 hrs.

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Ultrastructural investigation of spontaneous pituitary gonadotroph cell adenomas in aging Sprague-Dawley rats

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100077086 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

pp. 702-703

Author(s):

D. J. McComb ◽

J. Beri ◽

F. Zak ◽

K. Kovacs

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Animal Model ◽

Epoxy Resin ◽

Immunoelectron Microscopy ◽

Tumor Type ◽

Gonadal Function ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Male And Female ◽

Reticulin Fibers ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats

Gonadotroph cell adenomas of the pituitary are infrequent in human patients and are not invariably associated with altered gonadal function. To date, no animal model of this tumor type exists. Herein, we describe spontaneous gonadotroph cell adenomas in old male and female Sprague-Dawley rats by histology, immunocytology and electron microscopy.The material consisted of the pituitaries of 27 male and 38 female Sprague Dawley rats, all 26 months of age or older, removed at routine autopsy. Sections of formal in-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue were stained with hematoxylin-phloxine-saffron (HPS), the PAS method and the Gordon-Sweet technique for the demonstration of reticulin fibers. For immunostaining, sections were exposed to anti-rat β-LH, anti-ratβ-TSH, anti-rat PRL, anti-rat GH and anti-rat ACTH 1-39. For electron microscopy, tissue was fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde, postfixed in 1% OsO4 and embedded in epoxy-resin. Tissue fixed in 10% formalin, embedded in epoxy resin without osmification, was used for immunoelectron microscopy.

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