Phytogenic additive Noni (Morinda citrifolia) in feed of confined lambs

The objective of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of different levels of 0.0%; 0.7%; 1.4% and 2.1% of Noni (Morinda citrifolia) in the feeding of lambs regarding ingestive behavior and physiological variables. The experiment was carried out in a double Latin (4x4) experimental design with eight animals, consisting of four periods and four experimental rations. Eight lambs with no defined racial pattern were used, with mean initial body weight (BW) of 23.74 ± 1.00 kg. The ingestive behavior was performed during 24 hours, always on the last day of each experimental period. The physiological variables and the environmental variables were measured during three days of each period. Data were submitted for analysis of variance and, when significant, regression equation was applied at 5% of probability. Statistical analysis was performed considering the subdivision of the plot, which consisted of the diurnal and nocturnal evaluation times for the ingestive behavior and the morning and afternoon periods for the physiological variables. The inclusion of Noni in fed lambs did not change (p > 0.05) the time spent with ingestive behaviors for dry matter intake (DMI), rumination (RUM), idleness (IDL), water intake (WIN) and other activity (OAC). However, the daytime During the period there was gr eater (p < 0.05) time use for DMI, WIN and OAC. Inclusion of Noni to diets provided higher (p > 0.05) time use during the night time for RUM and IDL. The physiological variables were not influenced (p > 0.05) by the inclusion of Noni in the diets of lambs. However, higher mean (p < 0.05) body temperature of the front and rear, rectal temperature and respiratory rate of the lambs were observed during the afternoon. The inclusion of up to 2.1% of Noni in lamb feed does not alter ingestive behavior and physiological variables. However, the consumption of dry matter and water is higher during the diurnal period, while rumination and idleness are more active during the night period.

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Feed intake of sheep receiving ration with addition of passion fruit peel meal

Scientia Agraria Paranaensis ◽

10.18188/sap.v19i1.22390 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 58

Author(s):

Sílvia Cristina de Aguiar ◽

Luiz Juliano Valério Geron ◽

Gabriel Maciel Nunes ◽

Jocilaine Garcia ◽

Joilma Toniolo Honório De Carvalho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Latin Square ◽

Ingestive Behavior ◽

Passion Fruit ◽

Fruit Peel ◽

Physiological Variables ◽

Mixed Breed ◽

Breed Sheep

Part of the costs of animal production is food, and consequently, several alternatives have been examined for use as co-products, such as passion fruit peel meal (PFP). The objective of this study was to evaluate the dry matter (DMI), nutrient intake, feeding behavior, and physiological parameters of sheep receiving PFP in their ration. Four mixed breed sheep were with a mean body weight of 38.4 kg and distributed in a 4 × 4 Latin square. The experimental diet was formulated with 50% corn silage and 50% concentrate (dry matter [DM] basis), to contain 16% crude protein (CP) and 70% total digestible nutrients, with the addition of PFM to the feed at 0%, 1.6%, 5.8%, and 8.9% based on DMI. The addition of PFP did not affect (P > 0.05) DMI and nutrients, with an average DMI of 838.51 g d-1, 2.21% of body weight, and 54.59 g kg-0.75. The addition of PFP to the ration did not change the feed intake of DM and nutrients. The PFP did not change the ingestive behavior of sheep during the dawn, morning, and afternoon. However, an increase in the intake time and leisure time was observed during the night. PFP did not influence any of the physiological variables; however, the high temperature during the execution of the experiment caused animal discomfort both in the morning and in the afternoon.

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Ingestive Behavior and Physiological Parameters of Sindhi Heifers Receiving Saline Water

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v11n4p381 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 381

Author(s):

Patrícia R. Rosa ◽

Gherman Garcia L. Araújo ◽

Silvia Helena N. Turco ◽

Salete A. Moraes ◽

Juliana N. Alves ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Saline Water ◽

Water Shortage ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Ingestive Behavior ◽

Fiber Intake ◽

Serum Parameters ◽

Physiological Variables ◽

Linear Behavior ◽

Randomized Design

The objective was to evaluate the effects of potential use of brackish water as a source for Sindhi heifers on ingestive behavior and physiological and serum parameters. Twenty-four Sindhi heifers were distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments and six replications, with levels of total dissolved solids (TDS) of 640, 3200, 5760, and 8320 mg/L. Three 24-hour behavioral tests were performed, which were divided into four observation shifts (00:00 to 06:00; 06:00 to 12:00; 12:00 to 18:00 and 18:00 to 00:00) at the beginning, middle, and end of the experiment. The highest values of black globe temperature humidity index and air temperature were observed at 14:00 h, with values of 92.7 and 34.1 °C, respectively. The different levels of TDS did not promote significant differences (P > 0.05) in the variables feed intake, rumination, idling, feeding efficiency as a function of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber intake, rumination efficiency as a function of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber intake, heart rate, rectal and surface temperature, creatinine, and potassium. Among the assessed shifts, feed and water intake showed higher frequencies in the shifts 2 (06-12 h) and 3 (12-18 h) and rumination showed a higher frequency in the shifts 1 (00-06 h) and 4 (18-00 h). The physiological variables presented higher indices during the warmest hours of the day. A linear behavior was observed for the serum sodium level, presenting a average of 134.4 mmol/L. Water containing up to 8,326 mg/L TDS can be used in the watering of Sindhi heifers in short periods in the season of highest water shortage without affecting the ingestive behavior and physiological and serum parameters of the animal.

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Use of docosahexaenoic acid for lamb diet

Caderno de Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.35699/2447-6218.2020.20203 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Maria Júlia Pereira Araújo ◽

Erica Beatriz Schultz ◽

Thauane Ariel Valadares Jesus ◽

Marina Elizabeth Barbosa Andrade ◽

Luciana Melo Sousa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Profile ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Latin Square ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Corn Silage ◽

Ingestive Behavior ◽

Feed Water ◽

Animal Category

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of docosahexaenoic in the concentrated acid on intake, digestibility, metabolic profile and ingestive behavior of lambs diets. Five crossbred Dorper x Santa Inês lambs with initial age and body weight average of six months and 33 kg, respectively, were used in the trial. The animals were assigned into a 5×5 Latin square design and they received one of the following treatments: 0, 1.5, 3, 4.5 and 6 % of microalgal product (Aurantiochytrium limacinum algae) or ALL-G Rich® in the concentrate. The diets were composed of corn silage and concentrate offered twice daily. During the experimental period, feed, water, feces, blood, and urine were sampled to calculate the intake and digestibility and to characterize the metabolic profile. The ingestive behavior was measured during 24 hours on the last day each experimental period. The time spent on feeding, ruminating and idle activities was measured. Regression analyses were performed considering 5 % of significance. There were no difference on nutrients intake, digestibility, and ingestive behavior with the inclusion of ALL-G Rich® in the diet (p>0.05). There was a significant effect on serum concentrations of cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, alkaline phosphatase and gammaglutamyl transferase, however, all metabolites remained within the range recommended for the animal category. Thus, ALL-G Rich® can be used up to 6% in the concentrate, on dry matter basis, of lambs diet without affect intake, digestibility, metabolic profile, and ingestive behavior.

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Ingestive Behavior of Ovine Fed with Marandu Grass Silage Added with Naturally Dehydrated Brewery Residue

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2016/5141674 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Daniele de Jesus Ferreira ◽

Anderson de Moura Zanine ◽

Rogério de Paula Lana ◽

Alexandre Lima de Souza ◽

Marinaldo Divino Ribeiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Ingestive Behavior ◽

Maximum Point ◽

Quadratic Effect ◽

Grass Silage ◽

Maximum Value ◽

Linear Behavior ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design

The objective was to evaluate the ingestive behavior of ovine fed Marandu grass silage with dehydrated brewery residue added. The experiment had a completely randomized design with five treatments and four repetitions, with the treatments levels of inclusion being of 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40% natural matter of naturally dehydrated brewery residue for 36 hours to the marandu grass silage. 20 ovines were used and the experimental period was 21 days, 15 being for adaptation to diets. The use of brewery byproduct promoted quadratic effect (P<0.05) for the consumption of dry matter with maximum point value estimated at adding 23.25% additive. Ingestion efficiency and rumination efficiency of dry matter (g DM/hour) were significant (P<0.05), by quadratic behavior, and NDF ingestion and rumination efficiency showed crescent linear behavior. The DM and NDF consumption expressed in kg/meal and in minutes/kg were also significant (P<0.05), showing quadratic behavior. Rumination activity expressed in g DM and NDF/piece was influenced (P<0.05) by the adding of brewery residue in marandu grass silage in quadratic way, with maximum value estimated of 1.57 g DM/bolus chewed in inclusion of 24.72% additive in grass silage. The conclusion is that intermediary levels adding of 20 to 25% dehydrated brewery residue affects certain parameters of ingestive behavior.

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Intake, performance, and feeding behavior of Holstein and Holstein x Gyr heifers grazing intensive managed tropical grasses during the rainy season

10.1101/2021.07.13.452261 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Daiana F Quirino ◽

Marcos I Marcondes ◽

Luciana N Renno ◽

Camila S Cunha ◽

Alex L Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Feeding Behavior ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Fiber Material ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Ingestive Behavior ◽

Panicum Maximum ◽

And Performance

Holstein × Gyr and Holstein are the primary dairy breed used in tropical systems, but when rearing under pasture, feed intake, behavior, and performance might differ between them. This study aimed to evaluate the voluntary intake, nutrient digestibility, performance, and ingestive behavior of Holstein and Holstein × Gyr (½ Holstein × ½ Gyr) heifers managed in an intermittent grazing system of Guinea grass (Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Mombaca). The experiment was conducted during the summer season throughout four periods of 21 d. Two 8-heifers (four Holstein and four Holstein × Gyr) groups, averaging 258.6 ± 24.8 kg and 157.1 ± 24.99 kg body weight, were used. Each group grazed a separate set of 16 paddocks, and all heifers received a concentrate supplement daily. Heifers were weighed at the beginning and end of the experiment. Fecal, forage and concentrate samples were evaluated for their dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fat, ash, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and indigestible NDF. Feeding behavior was evaluated through 24 h of live observation for 48 h of each experimental period. Grazing, ruminating, resting, and intake of concentrate times were recorded, and rumination criteria, bout criteria, mealtime, meal frequency, and meal duration were estimated. There was no difference in dry matter intake (DMI). The Holstein × Gyr heifers had greater NDF intake and average daily gain (ADG), and feed efficiency tended to show greater CP and NDF digestibilities. The forage DMI of Holstein × Gyr was 11.70% greater than the Holstein heifers. Holstein grazed less than Holstein × Gyr heifers in the afternoon. Ruminating time was 18.43% lower for Holstein than Holstein × Gyr heifers, and rumination criteria were greater for Holstein heifers. Holstein heifers presented more prolonged rumination bouts and resting time than Holstein × Gyr heifers. Holstein × Gyr can ingest and ruminate greater amounts of fibrous material. Holstein heifers select lower fiber material, and they need to spend more time ruminating small portions of feed. Overall, we do not recommend using young Holstein heifers in tropical pasture conditions because their ADG is low because of its lower adaptability to fibrous feed and heat stress. However, this management condition is appropriate for Holstein × Gyr heifers and results in an adequate performance.

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Sleep and Night-time Use of Electronic Entertainment and Communication Devices in the Bedroom as Risk Factors for Obesity Among Canadian Children

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e507502013-174 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Paul Veugelers

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Time Use ◽

Night Time ◽

Communication Devices

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The effects of different amounts of liquid skim-milk on pork pigs with particular reference to carcass quality

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0003356100025575 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 153-164 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

R. S. Barber ◽

R. Braude ◽

Zena D. Hosking ◽

K. G. Mitchell

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Skim Milk ◽

Live Weight ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Carcass Quality ◽

Eye Muscle ◽

Caloric Value ◽

Calculated Energy ◽

Matter Basis

SUMMARY1. Seventy-two individually fed pigs on six treatments were used to determine the effects on performance and in particular on carcass quality of (a) giving quantities of liquid skim-milk (preserved with formalin) in excess of those normally recommended; (b) replacing meal by skim-milk in the ration on a calculated dry-matter basis (1 gal. skim-milk equivalent to 1 · 1 lb. meal) as compared with a calculated energy basis (1 gal. skim-milk equivalent to 1 · 3 lb. meal) and (c) giving skim-milk for only a part of the growing period instead of throughout. The experimental period continued from 9–10 weeks of age until slaughter at an average live-weight of 135 lb.2. Extensive carcass measurements were taken and in addition assessment of the carcasses was made by a representative of the County Quality Pork Association and by an expert pork butcher.3. Carcasses from pigs given an all-meal diet were comparable in all respects with those from pigs given skim-milk throughout up to a maximum of either 5¼ or 10½ pints per pig per day.4. Carcasses from pigs given the highest level of skim-milk (maximum of 15¾ pints per pig per day) were superior in many respects to those on any of the other treatments, but the possibility that this was due to their slower rate of growth rather than to the high level of milk per se, is discussed.5. Pigs given skim-milk as replacement of part of their meal allowance on a calculated dry matter basis grew significantly faster than those in which the replacement was made on a calculated energy basis or than those given an all-meal diet. The importance is stressed of ensuring that in assessing the value of skim-milk for pigs the caloric value of the rations being compared is similar. The need for experiments based on actual determinations of the caloric value of the rations used is also emphasised.6. While the performance of pigs given skim-milk up to 75 lb. live-weight only was similar to that of pigs given skim-milk throughout, evidence was obtained that the quality of their carcasses was slightly inferior.7. There was some suggestion that as the level of skim-milk in the diet increased an eye muscle of a rather paler colour was produced.

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Effect of Yeast-Fermented Citrus Pulp as a Protein Source on Nutrient Intake, Digestibility, Nitrogen Balance and In Situ Digestion Kinetics in Nili Ravi Buffalo Bulls

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11061713 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1713

Author(s):

Muhammad Awais ◽

Muhammad Sharif ◽

Khurram Ashfaq ◽

Amjad Islam Aqib ◽

Muhammad Saeed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Balance ◽

Nutrient Intake ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Protein Source ◽

Cell Protein ◽

Citrus Pulp ◽

Digestion Kinetics

A study was carried out to evaluate the effect of single cell protein (SCP) supplement as a protein source on nutrient intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance and in situ digestion kinetics in four Nili Ravi buffalo bulls. Four iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous concentrates containing 3, 6, 9 and 12% of Saccharomyces cerevisiae-fermented citrus pulp were formulated. All animals were fed a ration with a concentrate/forage ratio of 50:50. Diets were provided ad libitum twice a day as a total mixed ration in a 4 × 4 Latin Square Design. Each experimental period lasted 3 weeks while the overall study 12 weeks. The first 2 weeks of each experimental period were used as adaptation period while the third week as collection period. Chemical composition of fermented citrus pulp appeared as an excellent source of protein. No significant difference was observed on dry matter intake, digestibility of nutrients and SCP among all the treatments. Moreover, no significant effect was observed on ruminal pH and ammonia nitrogen at different times. Rate of disappearance and lag time of in situ dry matter digestion kinetics remained nonsignificant regardless of SCP percentage. Based on results of similar nutrients intake, nutrient digestibility, and ruminal parameters it is concluded that SCP could be used in the concentrate diet of ruminant up to 12%. Furthermore, the SCP has the potential of an alternative protein source in animal diet formulation.

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Milk yield and composition, feed intake and stocking rate of crossbread cows in tropical grasses managed in a rotational grazing system

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/s1516-35982010000700022 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 39 (7) ◽

pp. 1548-1557 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Nelson Massaru Fukumoto ◽

Julio Cesar Damasceno ◽

Fermino Deresz ◽

Carlos Eugênio Martins ◽

Antônio Carlos Cóser ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Experimental Period ◽

The Body ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Panicum Maximum ◽

Stocking Rate ◽

Rotational Grazing ◽

Grazing System

The objective of this study was to evaluate milk yield and composition, dry matter intake, and stocking rate in pastures with tanzania grass (Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia), star grass (Cynodon nlemfuensis cv. Estrela-Africana), and marandu grass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu). The grasses were managed in a rotational grazing system with Holstein x Zebu crossbreed cows, with a 30-day resting period and three days of paddock occupation. The pastures were fertilized with 1,000 kg/ha/year using the 20:05:20 (NPK) formula, split in three applications during the rainy season. It was used a complete random block experimental design with three factors being studied and two replications. In the experiment, four cows/paddock were used and, when it was necessary, regulator animals were added in order to obtain a supply of 7% body weight green forage dry matter. The animals were individually fed concentrate at 2 kg/day during the experimental period. Milk yield did not differ among the three grasses, with values of 9.1; 9.1; and 8.7 kg/cow/day for pastures with tanzania grass, star grass and marandu grass, respectively. Similarly, grass did not affect milk chemical composition. Stocking rate was similar among the three grasses, with values of 4.6; 4.5 and 5.0 UA/ha for tanzania grass, star grass and marandu grass, respectively. The highest dry matter intake was observed for tanzania grass with 2.6% of the body weight while stargrass (2.3%) and marandu grass (2.4%) did not differ among each other. The highest dry matter intake on tanzania grass pasture was not reflected on milk yield per animal. Milk yield and composition and stocking rate are similar among the evaluated grasses.

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Feeding behavior of lambs fed castor mealom farelo de mamona

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n3p1451 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 1451 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hellenn Cardoso Oliveira ◽

Rasmo Garcia ◽

Vitor Visintin Silva de Almeida ◽

Aline Cardoso Oliveira ◽

Aureliano José Vieira Pires ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Feeding Behavior ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Feed Efficiency ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Feeding Activity ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Feeding Time ◽

Adaptation Period ◽

Four Levels ◽

Castor Meal

The experiment aimed to evaluate the feeding behavior of Santa Inês lambs fed diets containing different levels of detoxified castor meal in the concentrate. Twenty-four sheep with an average body weight of 18.5± 2.26 kg, at four months of age, were distributed in a randomized complete design with four treatment and six replications. Treatments consisted of four levels of castor meal (0, 33, 67, and 100%) replacing soybean meal. Animals underwent a 15-day adaptation period and an experimental period of 84 days. The diet was composed of 60% sugarcane silage and 40% concentrate, on a dry matter basis. Animal behavior (idle, rumination, and feeding activities) were observed visually for two 24-h periods with 5-min intervals, and recorded. The number of rumination chews and the time taken to ruminate each cud per day were counted using a digital stopwatch. Dry matter (DM) intake was not affected by inclusion of castor meal in the concentrate, averaging 884.02 g day?1. The feeding activity was not affected by addition of castor meal. Rumination time increased linearly, whereas the idle and rumination times decreased linearly with addition of castor meal. Feeding time, expressed in min per kg of DM and NDF, was not influenced by the inclusion of the meal in the diet, averaging 373.3 and 880.0 min, respectively. The number of chews and the time taken to ruminate each cud were not changed by inclusion of castor meal in the diet. Feed efficiency, expressed in grams DM and NDF per hour, was not influenced by castor meal inclusion in the diet. Rumination efficiency expressed in g DM h?1 decreased, but was not affected when expressed in g NDF h?1. Total replacement of soybean meal by castor meal in the concentrate does not affect the feeding time or feed efficiency of feedlot sheep, but leads to a small reduction of their rumination efficiency. Thus, we recommend the inclusion of castor meal in sheep diets at the levels tested in this study.

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