Oregon Progress Board Issues Report on State's Racial and Ethnic Groups: 2008 Report Reveals Progress for Asian and Pacific Islanders, While Other Racial Groups Still Lag in Critical Areas

2008 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Pacific Islanders ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Critical Areas ◽  
Asian And Pacific Islanders

Three Generations of Italians in New York City: Their Religious Acculturation

1969 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-17
Author(s):  
Nicholas John Russo
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
York City ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Religious Tradition ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
American Society

Renewed awareness in ethnic groups as well identified, persisting and active participants in the political and social life of American society imposes a new task on the social scientists to define better and more cogently measure the implications of pluralism and integration. This article by Russo—presenting the findings of his doctoral dissertation: The Religious Acculturation of the Italians in New York City—evidences the fast disappearance of the cultural identity of an immigrant group in relation to their rural religious tradition and behavior. At the same time, it notes the survival of social identity. In the light of this evidence, we can ask ourselves if ethnic religious institutions might have led the immigrants to religious forms more in keeping with their new environment and how the acculturation described should be evaluated. Above all, we are forced to search for those variables which maintain the ethnic groups’ identity even in the third generation. In this way, the process of the inclusion into American society of different ethnic and religious groups may reveal some clues for the more complex test of inclusion of different racial groups.

Corporal Punishment and Child Aggression: Ethnic-Level Family Cohesion as a Moderator

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15-16) ◽  
pp. 2687-2710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoona Lee ◽  
Malcolm W. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Corporal Punishment ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Family Cohesion ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
Child Aggression ◽  
The Mean

Ethnicity has been examined as a putative moderator between parents’ use of corporal punishment and children’s externalizing behaviors. Yet, the reasons for this potential ethnic-level moderator have not been fully examined. The primary objective of this study was to examine whether the effect of corporal punishment on aggression is ethnic-specific using major racial groups inside and outside the U.S. samples and how the mean levels of cohesion in family relationships as found in different ethnic groups moderate the association between mothers’ use of corporal punishment and children’s aggression. A total of 729 mothers who had children aged 7 to 13 years were sampled from five ethnic groups (i.e., European American, African American, Hispanic American, Korean, and Chinese). Several hypotheses were tested to examine the moderating effect of ethnic-level, family cohesion on the relation of corporal punishment to children’s aggression. As expected, the mean level of family cohesion was significantly different across ethnicities. Consistent results across parallel multilevel and fixed effect models showed that high corporal punishment was associated with more aggression in all ethnicities, but there was a significant variation in the association across ethnicities, and the variation was explained by ethnic-level family cohesion. There were weaker associations between corporal punishment and child aggression among ethnic groups with high family cohesion and stronger associations among ethnic groups with low family cohesion. Ethnic/cultural variation in this study emphasizes the importance of understanding family environment of diverse ethnic groups when evaluating the influence of corporal punishment on child behavior in different ethnic/cultural contexts.

Contemporary patterns of racial/ethnic disparities in surgical treatment and overall survival for localized resectable non-small cell lung cancer in the United States.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e20057-e20057
Author(s):  
Oladimeji Akinboro ◽  
Stanley Madu Nwabudike ◽  
Michael Voisine ◽  
Kevan L. Hartshorn ◽  
Marjory Charlot
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pacific Islanders ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Stage Ia ◽  
Iiia Nsclc ◽  
Racial Ethnic

e20057 Background: Racial disparities in the surgical treatment of early stage lung cancers are well documented for African-Americans relative to Whites. However, there is a paucity of contemporary data regarding lung cancer treatment disparities for other minority racial/ethnic groups. We sought to compare: i) contemporary rates of surgery, ii) and overall survival (OS) for resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), across several minority populations in the United States (US). Methods: We identified new diagnoses of stages IA-IIIA NSCLC (AJCC7) from 2010-2015 among adults (20 years+) in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 18 registry. We compared rates of surgery +/- radiotherapy (RT) for stage IA NSCLC, and surgery +/- RT +/- chemotherapy for stages IB–IIIA NSCLC, among the following racial/ethnic groups: Non-Hispanic Whites (whites), Non-Hispanic Blacks (blacks), Hispanics, Asians or Pacific Islanders, and American Indians/Alaska Natives (native Americans). We also calculated and compared 5-year OS rates across these groups. Results: There were 339,912 cases of newly-diagnosed stages IA, IB, IIA, IIB, and IIIA NSCLC identified for analysis. Receipt of surgical treatment +/- RT for stage IA NSCLC was lower in blacks (63.5%), and native Americans (64.2%) than whites (69.4%), as well as for stage IIB NSCLC (whites 66.7%; blacks 56.7%; native Americans 55.6%). Blacks had lower rates of surgery relative to whites across the other NSCLC stages studied but no disparities were noted for Hispanics and Asians/Pacific Islanders. 5-year age-adjusted OS for stage IA-IIIA NSCLC were significantly lower for native Americans (62.3%, 95% CI 58.1%, 66.3%) and blacks (68.1%; 95% CI 67.4, 68.9%) relative to whites (69.2%; 95% CI 69.0%, 69.5%) with relative risks of 1.11 (95% CI 1.04, 1.19) and 1.02 (95% CI 1.01, 1.03), respectively. This inferior OS persisted for blacks even among those treated with cancer-directed surgery. Conclusions: Disparities in rates of surgical treatment and OS for resectable NSCLC persist for blacks and native Americans. Although it is unclear if inferior OS outcomes for blacks are solely attributable to lower rates of surgery, systems-based interventions are needed to help ensure equal and optimal receipt of surgery for resectable NSCLC across all racial/ethnic groups in the US.

scholarly journals Vascular Risk Factor Prevalence and Trends in Native Americans With Ischemic Stroke - A National Inpatient Sample Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh V. Jillella ◽  
Sara Crawford ◽  
Rocio Lopez ◽  
Atif Zafar ◽  
Anne S. Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Pacific Islanders ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Trend Slope ◽  
Asian Pacific Islanders ◽  
Asian Pacific

AbstractIntroductionNative Americans have a higher incidence and prevalence of stroke and the highest stroke-related mortality among race-ethnic groups in the United States. We aimed to analyze trends in the prevalence of vascular risk factors among Native Americans with ischemic stroke over the last two decades along with a comparison to the other race-ethnic groups.MethodsNational/Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database was used to explore the prevalence of risk factors among hospitalized ischemic stroke patients during 2000 - 2016. Ischemic stroke and risk factors of interest were identified using validated ICD-9/10 codes. The race-ethnic groups of interest were Native American, White, Black, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islanders, and others. Crude and age-and sex-standardized prevalence estimates were calculated for each risk factor within each race-ethnic group in 6 time periods: 2000-02, 2003-05, 2006-08, 2009-11, 2012-14, and 2015-16. We explored linear trends over the defined time periods using linear regression models, with differences in trends between the Native American group and each of the other race-ethnic groups assessed using interaction terms. The analysis accounted for the complex sampling design, including hospital clusters, NIS stratum, and trend weights for analyzing multiple years of NIS data.ResultsOf the 1,278,784 ischemic stroke patients that were included in the analysis, Native Americans constituted 5472. The age-and-sex-standardized prevalence of hypertension (trend slope = 2.24, p < 0.001), hyperlipidemia (trend slope = 6.29, p < 0.001), diabetes (trend slope = 2.04, p = 0.005), atrial fibrillation/flutter (trend slope = 0.80, p = 0.011), heart failure (trend slope = 0.73, p = 0.036) smoking (trend slope = 3.65, p < 0.001), and alcohol (slope = 0.60, p = 0.019) increased during these time periods among Native Americans, while coronary artery disease prevalence remained unchanged. Similar upward trends of several risk factors were noted across other race-ethnic groups with Native Americans showing larger increases in hypertension prevalence compared to Blacks, Hispanics, and Asian/Pacific Islanders and in smoking prevalence compared to Hispanics and Asian/Pacific Islanders. By the year 2015-2016, Native Americans had the highest overall prevalence of diabetes, coronary artery disease, smoking, and alcohol among all the race-ethnic groups.ConclusionThe prevalence of most vascular risk factors among ischemic stroke patients has increased in Native Americans and other race-ethnic groups over the last two decades. Significantly larger increases in the prevalence of hypertension and smoking were seen in Native Americans compared to other groups along with them having the highest prevalence in multiple risk factors in recent years.

scholarly journals Deep transfer learning for reducing health care disparities arising from biomedical data inequality

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Gao ◽  
Yan Cui
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Transfer Learning ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Health Care Disparities ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Biomedical Data ◽  
Clinical Decisions

AbstractAs artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly applied to biomedical research and clinical decisions, developing unbiased AI models that work equally well for all racial and ethnic groups is of crucial importance to health disparity prevention and reduction. However, the biomedical data inequality between different racial and ethnic groups is set to generate new health care disparities through data-driven, algorithm-based biomedical research and clinical decisions. Using an extensive set of machine learning experiments on cancer omics data, we found that current prevalent schemes of multiethnic machine learning are prone to generating significant model performance disparities between racial groups. We showed that these performance disparities are caused by data inequality and data distribution discrepancies between racial groups. We also found that transfer learning can improve machine learning model performance for data-disadvantaged racial groups, and thus provides a novel approach to reduce health care disparities arising from data inequality among racial groups.

scholarly journals Sex difference in the incidence of cardia and non-cardia gastric cancer in the United States, 1992-2014

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Yao ◽  
Xiaona Qi ◽  
Shao-Hua Xie
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pacific Islanders ◽  
Cardia Cancer ◽  
Asian And Pacific Islanders ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Gastric cancer is more common in men than in women, but underlying reasons have not been completely understood. This study aimed to assess patterns of the sex difference in the incidence of gastric cancer in the United States.Methods Using data from 13 cancer registries in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, we analyzed the age-specific sex difference in the incidence of gastric cancer by ethnicity, anatomic site and histological type in the United States during 1992-2014. We assessed the temporal trends in the sex differences in the incidence of gastric cancer during the study period.Results The male-to-female incidence ratio of cardia cancer increased with age until peaking at ages 55-69 years and decreased thereafter, while the ratio for non-cardia gastric cancer increased with age before ages <60 years and remained stable onwards. The age-specific patterns in the sex difference of gastric cancer incidence varied between intestinal and diffuse histological types. The sex difference in the incidence of cardia cancer remained relatively stable except for that the absolute difference between the sexes in whites decreased on average by 0.8% per year from 1992 to 2014. The absolute incidence difference between the sexes in non-cardia gastric cancer decreased over time in whites, blacks, and Asian and Pacific islanders by approximately 4% per year. The male-to-female incidence ratio of non-cardia gastric cancer decreased over time in whites and blacks, but remained relatively stable in Asian and Pacific islanders.Conclusions Both extrinsic and intrinsic factors may have contributed to the sex difference in gastric cancer. Sex hormones may play a role in the development of cardia cancer and intestinal type of gastric cancer.

scholarly journals Racial disparities in hospitalization expenditures of older adults in Singapore

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 957-957
Author(s):  
Cynthia Chen ◽  
Xueying Guo ◽  
Hwee Lin Wee ◽  
Kelvin Bryan Tan
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
World Population ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Ageing Society ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Aged Society

Abstract The World Population Prospects 2019 reports that the proportion of people who aged 65 and above takes up 9 per cent globally in 2019, reaching up to 16 per cent by 2050. Asia has the fastest rise: from 1 in 9 people aged 65 and above to 1 in 4 in 2050. Rapid growth in older adults has strong implications for diseases and healthcare expenditure. For Singapore, the transition from ‘ageing society’ (7% seniors) in 1999 to ‘super-aged society’ (20% seniors) in 2026 is projected to take 27 years, much faster than Japan’s 36 years. We used the Singapore Multi-Ethnic Cohort (MEC) of 14,465 subjects aged 21 to 94, and the Future Elderly Model (FEM) microsimulation model to project disease burden and hospitalization expenditures to 2050. We found that Chinese females had the highest life expectancy of 86.0 years, followed by Indian and Malay females with 80.4 and 75.6 years respectively. In all racial groups, women lived longer than men by 5-7 years. Cumulative hospitalization expenditures of older adults aged 51+ was US$69,500 for Chinese, US$67,600 for Malays and US$86,100 for Indians; US$71,200 for males and US$70,700 for females. The increased hospitalization spending for all three ethnic groups was due to the underlying manifestation of chronic diseases, including diabetes, hypertension, heart disease and stroke. Variations in environmental risk factors such as diet, cigarette smoking and physical activity across ethnic groups may contribute to racial differences in chronic diseases and disability. Therefore, targeted interventions are needed to reduce racial disparities.

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