Do people who seek less environmental stimulation avoid thinking about the future and their death?: A study of individual differences in kinesthetic figural aftereffects

1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian L. Mishara ◽  
A. Harvey Baker ◽  
Irene W. Kostin
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
The Future ◽  
Environmental Stimulation

Can Neuroscience Provide a New Foundation for the Rorschach Variables?

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-165
Author(s):  
Koji Jimura ◽  
Tomoki Asari ◽  
Noriko Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Mirror Neuron System ◽  
Mirror Neuron ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Rorschach Test ◽  
Neuron System ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
Rorschach Variables

Abstract. Recent progress in neuroscience has made it possible to use neurophysiological techniques to validate and deepen the interpretation of Rorschach variables. The aim of this article is to review the results from Rorschach studies using the neurophysiological approach to discuss the consistencies and inconsistencies between the different results, and then to consider the future direction of Rorschach research in this area. We also provide unpublished data to complement the picture from peer-reviewed studies. Two main approaches to neuropsychological studies on the Rorschach exist. One approach is to measure brain activities directly during the Rorschach administration; a series of studies using multiple neurophysiological methods revealed activation of the mirror neuron system with relation to human movement responses. Another possible approach is to investigate whether individual differences in Rorschach scores can be explained by neurophysiological measurements during the administration of another psychological task. This article reviews how these two approaches provide novel insights into the Rorschach Test.

The Future of Individual Differences

1969 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 310-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Bereiter
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Remedial Education ◽  
Complex Society ◽  
Educational Effort ◽  
Ongoing Work ◽  
The Future

Professor Bereiter concurs in Jensen's re-emphasis of the heritability of intelligence,but he draws different conclusions about the probable future. Because most intellectual tools which can be learned act as amplifiers rather than equalizers of basic differences in problem-solving ability and because our complex society increasingly emphasizes intelligence rather than other abilities, Bereiter believes that the kind of educational effort recommended by Jensen may in fact only increase the consequences of individual differences. Nevertheless, he suggests that this pessimistic projection may be open to revision in the light of ongoing work in early remedial education.

scholarly journals Utopian Impulse: An Individual-differences Approach to Transformative Social Change

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederic Basso ◽  
Dario Krpan
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Psychological Construct ◽  
Global Issues ◽  
The Future ◽  
Utopian Thinking

In the present research, we approached utopian thinking from an individual differences perspective and developed the utopian impulse as a psychological construct, defined as the propensity to have thoughts and engage in actions whose purpose is to transform the current society into a better one in the future by addressing existing global issues.

scholarly journals The Future of Higher Education: A New Paradigm Shift Addressing Students’ Diversity

2021 ◽  
pp. 369-376
Author(s):  
Khalid Arar ◽  
David Chen
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Learning Style ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Human Diversity ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Individual

AbstractRecent higher education (HE) trends, including broader accessibility, privatization, increased demands for accountability, and technological implementation, have largely neglected consideration of human diversity, including the individual learner’s nature and learning style. Two distinctive scientific perspectives pertain to these individual differences.

Telling What They Want to Know

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 426-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Kemmelmeier
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Desirability ◽  
Social Scientist ◽  
Socially Desirable Responding ◽  
The Future ◽  
Researcher Identity

According to a conversational approach, survey respondents provide answers they believe to be relevant to an interaction. Norenzayan and Schwarz (1999) demonstrated that participants provide dispositional accounts for an action to a personality researcher, but contextual accounts to a social scientist. Two studies sought to replicate this finding and test if the effects were due to social desirability. Using original materials, Study 1 manipulated researcher identity and varied whether participants had reasons to explain the action (replication) or reasons that could not explain the action (non-reasons). Study 2 varied researcher identity and asked participants what they want to be like in the future or what they do not want to be like in the future. Individual differences in socially desirable responding were also assessed. Results replicated original findings without social desirability qualifying critical effects. This confirms that participants provide the kinds of answers that they believe to be relevant to the researchers.

School of the Future

2011 ◽  
pp. 105-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Ott
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
New Teachers ◽  
Learning Opportunities ◽  
School Education ◽  
Inclusive Classroom ◽  
New Learning ◽  
The Future ◽  
Achievable Goal ◽  
New Millennium

This chapter tackles the issue of e-inclusion in the field of school education. A picture of the new millennium learning panorama is outlined where new learners, new teachers, new tools and new pedagogies are around. Some experience –based reflections are also proposed on how, from this panorama, new learning opportunities may arise for “all” learners, irrespective of their individual differences and specific characteristics. The overall purpose of the chapter is to give an idea that the building up of a genuinely inclusive classroom is an achievable goal, provided that strong efforts are devoted not only in the direction of producing/using fully accessible e-tools but also (perhaps mainly) in the direction of making the most of them in order to suit the “different” needs of the “different” students.

Pinna of ear: a potential biometric identifier

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 3843
Author(s):  
Maitreyee M.
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Future ◽  
Distinctive Structure ◽  
High Possibility ◽  
Lobe Width

Background: Individual differences in morphometric and somatoscopic observations of pinna of ear were studied to explore the potential of pinna of ear as a biometric tool.Methods: Morphometric and somatoscopic data of right ear of 350 Indian individuals (Age: 17-25 years) was collected. Measurements of pinna length, pinna width, pinna root, pinna projection, intertragic distance, ear lobe length, and ear lobe width were taken. Observations were done for presence or absence of Darwin tubercle, flat or rolled helix, and attached or free ear lobe. Probability statistics was extrapolated to assess the variations in ear pinna characters.Results: All measurements showed a wide range. There was statistically significant difference between male and female pinna measurements. The somatoscopic observations showed 82.9% individuals with presence of Darwin tubercle, 99.1% with rolled helix, and 65.4% with free ear lobes. On the basis of extrapolation of ten different morphometric and somatoscopic parameters, the statistics showed the probability of any two individuals having exactly same observations to be 0.0008%.Conclusions: The wide range of measurements in the present study suggested a high possibility of variations amongst the population. If all the parameters including both morphometric and somatoscopic, are taken into consideration, the pinna of ear of each individual is a very distinctive structure, which makes it a potential biometric identifier and with the use of proper technologies, it will be a widely used biometric tool in the future.

Interlanguage Development

AILA Review ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 69-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Bardovi-Harlig
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Grammatical Development ◽  
The Future ◽  
Interlanguage Development

The study of language development in second language acquisition naturally leads to information about linguistic processes of second language acquisition, but it also sheds light on learners’ individual differences. This article examines the acquisition of the future in L2 English and explores how learners in a longitudinal study respond to input, instruction, and the general task of learning a second language through the lens of their grammatical development.

Time will tell: Temporal landmarks influence metaphorical associations between space and time

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heng Li ◽  
Yu Cao
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Fresh Start ◽  
The Past ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Mapping Experiment ◽  
Spring Festival ◽  
The Future ◽  
Temporal Focus

AbstractAccording to the Temporal Focus Hypothesis (TFH), people’s implicit spatial conceptions are shaped by their temporal focus. Whereas previous studies have demonstrated that people’s cultural or individual differences related to certain temporal focus may influence their spatializations of time, we focus on temporal landmarks as potential additional influences on people’s space-time mappings. In Experiment 1, we investigated how personally-related events influence students’ conceptions of time. The results showed that student examinees were more likely to think about time according to the past-in-front mapping, and student registrants, future-in-front mapping. Experiment 2 explored the influence of calendar markers and found that participants tested on the Chinese Spring Festival, a symbol of a fresh start, tended to conceptualize the future as in front of them, while those tested on the Tomb Sweeping Day, an opportunity to remember the ancestors, showed the reversed pattern. In Experiment 3, two scenarios representing past or future landmarks correspondingly were presented to participants. We found that past-focused/future -focused scenarios caused an increase in the rate of past-in-front/future-in-front responses respectively. Taken together, the results from these three studies suggest that people’s conceptions of time may vary according to temporal landmarks, which can be explained by the TFH.

scholarly journals Contingent Tunes of Neurochemical Ensembles in the Norm and Pathology: Can We See the Patterns?

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-58
Author(s):  
Irina Trofimova
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Healthy People ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Transient Nature ◽  
Behavioural Patterns ◽  
The Future ◽  
Context Dependent ◽  
Specific Symptoms

Background/Aims: Progress in the development of DSM/ICD taxonomies has revealed limitations of both label-based and dimensionality approaches. These approaches fail to address the contingent, nonlinear, context-dependent, and transient nature of those biomarkers linked to specific symptoms of psychopathology or to specific biobehavioural traits of healthy people (temperament). The present review aims to highlight the benefits of a functional constructivism approach in the analysis of neurochemical biomarkers underlying temperament and psychopathology. Method: A review was performed. Results: Eight systems are identified, and 7 neurochemical ensembles are described in detail. None of these systems is represented by a single neurotransmitter; all of them work in ensembles with each other. The functionality and relationships of these systems are presented here in association with their roles in action construction, with brief examples of psychopathology. The review introduces formal symbols for these systems to facilitate their more compact analysis in the future. Conclusion: This analysis demonstrates the possibility of constructivism-based unifying taxonomies of temperament (in the framework of the neurochemical model functional ensemble of temperament) and classifications of psychiatric disorders. Such taxonomies would present the biobehavioural individual differences as consistent behavioural patterns generated within a formally structured space of parameters related to the generation of behaviour.

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