Dual processes underlie the effect of the Ebbinghaüs illusion on control of grasping.

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 1472-1492
Author(s):  
Zhongting Chen ◽  
Nan Zhang ◽  
Jeffrey A. Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Dual Processes ◽  
Ebbinghaus Illusion

scholarly journals Assessing the impact of previous experience on lie effects through a transfer paradigm

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Mazzuca ◽  
Mariagrazia Benassi ◽  
Roberto Nicoletti ◽  
Giuseppe Sartori ◽  
Luisa Lugli
Keyword(s):  
Training Session ◽  
Spatial Task ◽  
Dual Processes ◽  
Transfer Effects ◽  
Transfer Paradigm ◽  
Compatible Condition ◽  
Open Question ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cognitive Cost ◽  
Spatial Training

AbstractInfluential lines of research propose dual processes-based explanations to account for both the cognitive cost implied in lying and for that entailed in the resolution of the conflict posited by Simon tasks. The emergence and consistency of the Simon effect has been proved to be modulated by both practice effects and transfer effects. Although several studies provided evidence that the lying cognitive demand may vary as a function of practice, whether and how transfer effects could also play a role remains an open question. We addressed this question with one experiment in which participants completed a Differentiation of Deception Paradigm twice (baseline and test sessions). Crucially, between the baseline and the test sessions, participants performed a training session consisting in a spatial compatibility task with incompatible (condition 1) or compatible (condition 2) mapping, a non-spatial task (condition 3) and a no task one (condition 4). Results speak in favour of a modulation of individual performances by means of an immediate prior experience, and specifically with an incompatible spatial training.

scholarly journals Modeling Software Fault-Detection and Fault-Correction Processes by Considering the Dependencies between Fault Amounts

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6998
Author(s):  
Qiuying Li ◽  
Hoang Pham
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Fault Detection ◽  
Software Reliability ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Predictive Performance ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Reliability Estimation ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Dual Processes ◽  
Correction Process

Many NHPP software reliability growth models (SRGMs) have been proposed to assess software reliability during the past 40 years, but most of them have focused on modeling the fault detection process (FDP) in two ways: one is to ignore the fault correction process (FCP), i.e., faults are assumed to be instantaneously removed after the failure caused by the faults is detected. However, in real software development, it is not always reliable as fault removal usually needs time, i.e., the faults causing failures cannot always be removed at once and the detected failures will become more and more difficult to correct as testing progresses. Another way to model the fault correction process is to consider the time delay between the fault detection and fault correction. The time delay has been assumed to be constant and function dependent on time or random variables following some kind of distribution. In this paper, some useful approaches to the modeling of dual fault detection and correction processes are discussed. The dependencies between fault amounts of dual processes are considered instead of fault correction time-delay. A model aiming to integrate fault-detection processes and fault-correction processes, along with the incorporation of a fault introduction rate and testing coverage rate into the software reliability evaluation is proposed. The model parameters are estimated using the Least Squares Estimation (LSE) method. The descriptive and predictive performance of this proposed model and other existing NHPP SRGMs are investigated by using three real data-sets based on four criteria, respectively. The results show that the new model can be significantly effective in yielding better reliability estimation and prediction.

Depoliticisation, hybridisation and dual processes of stigmatisation: An examination of the civilising offensive in China’s rural areas through moral review councils

2021 ◽  
pp. 003802612110294
Author(s):  
Shaoying Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Dual Processes ◽  
Reform Era ◽  
Institutional Legitimacy ◽  
The People ◽  
Democratic Election

In this article, I examine the moral review councils (MRCs) established in China’s rural areas since the early 1980s. I show that MRCs create a liminal plebeian public sphere in the context of a civilising offensive that deals with the uncivil behaviours of individuals and disputes between neighbours. In this plebeian public sphere, the MRC incorporates techniques of the Maoist mass meeting, the democratic election, traditional mediation and a pedagogy of exemplars, all of which are depoliticised into purely technical instruments. Their institutional legitimacy comes from organised virtues based on councillors’ male seniority and the democratic method of their selection. MRCs, as an instrument of a civilising offensive, are a kind of paternalistic technology, which involves a complex strategy of a hybridity of acts, relationships, thoughts, desires and temptations of village residents in the context of the reform era. The people targeted in this civilising offensive often experience two levels of stigmatisation and their participation determines the effectiveness of the operation of MRCs.

Perception of the Ebbinghaus illusion in 5- to 8-month-old infants

2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUKA YAMAZAKI ◽  
YUMIKO OTSUKA ◽  
SO KANAZAWA ◽  
MASAMI K. YAMAGUCHI
Keyword(s):  
Ebbinghaus Illusion

Performing the ‘lifeworld’ in public education campaigns

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle M. Lazar
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Rap Music ◽  
Dual Processes ◽  
Public Performance ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Public ◽  
Local Television ◽  
The Media ◽  
Education Campaigns ◽  
Real Person

In Singapore, top down public education campaigns have long been a mode of governance by which the conduct of citizens is constantly regulated. This article examines how in two fairly recent campaigns, a new approach to campaign communication is used that involves media interdiscursivity, viz., the mixing of discourses and genres in which the media constitute a significant element. The present approach involves the appropriation of a popular local television character, ‘Phua Chu Kang’, in order to address the public through educational rap music videos. Media interdiscursivity is based on an attempt to engage the public via a discourse of the ‘lifeworld’. The present article analyzes the ‘lifeworld’ discourse in terms of a combination of two processes, ‘informalization’ (the use of informal and conversational modes of address) and ‘communitization’ (the semiotic construction of a community of people). The dual processes are examined and discussed in relation to the choice of Phua Chu Kang as an ‘ordinary’ and almost ‘real’ person, including his informal register and speech style; his use of Singlish; and his construction of ‘community.’ The presence of Singlish, in particular, is interesting because (despite the official disdain for the language) it is included as part of PCK’s public performance of the lifeworld. The article concludes by considering this form of media interdiscursivity as the government’s shrewd way of achieving its social governance goals.

Figural and Semantic Factors in Change in the Ebbinghaus Illusion across Four Age Groups of Children

1996 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Zanuttini
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Ebbinghaus Illusion ◽  
Taxonomic Organization

Changes in the Ebbinghaus illusion across age groups have been studied with 80 children ( ns = 20) from 4 to 8 yr. old. The distortion, whose magnitude increases across age groups, depends on active cognitive comparative processes. In fact, if some cues make the geometrically identical inducing elements semantically different from the central one, the illusion decreases as older children develop conceptual categories. Across ages 4 to 8 years not only the magnitude of the illusion changes but also the interfering role of the taxonomic organization.

Visual Illusions Affect Motor Performance, But not Learning in Highly Skilled Shooters

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moslem Bahmani ◽  
Jed A. Diekfuss ◽  
Robabeh Rostami ◽  
Nasim Ataee ◽  
Farhad Ghadiri
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Retention Test ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Visual Illusions ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Ebbinghaus Illusion ◽  
Optimal Theory ◽  
Highly Skilled ◽  
Stages Of Learning

Enhanced expectancies are an important component of OPTIMAL theory and are thought to contribute to motor performance and learning. There is limited information, however, on the generalizability of OPTIMAL theory to highly skilled individuals. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of visual illusions, specifically an Ebbinghaus illusion, on the performance and learning of an aiming task using highly skilled 10-m rifle and pistol shooters. Two groups of shooters with international experience were recruited and practiced with perceived larger and smaller targets. Our results indicated that participants who perceived the target larger reported higher self-efficacy immediately after practice. In addition, these participants had higher shooting performance during practice. Our retention test (24 hours later), however, did not produce differences in self-efficacy or shooting performance. Our data suggests that visual illusions are beneficial for motor performance in highly skilled shooters, but may not affect learning in those who are in the latter stages of learning. Further studies should continue examining the role of visual illusions for enhancing expectancies in highly skilled and experienced performers.

scholarly journals Why some size illusions affect grip aperture

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeroen B.J. Smeets ◽  
Erik Kleijn ◽  
Marlijn van der Meijden ◽  
Eli Brenner
Keyword(s):  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Object Size ◽  
Ebbinghaus Illusion ◽  
Grip Aperture ◽  
Size Information

AbstractThere is an extensive literature debating whether perceived size is used to guide grasping. A possible reason for not using judged size is that using judged positions might lead to more precise movements. As this argument does not hold for small objects, and all studies showing an effect of the Ebbinghaus illusion on grasping used small objects, we hypothesized that size information is used for small objects but not for large ones. Using a modified diagonal illusion, we obtained an effect of about 10% on perceptual judgements, without an effect on grasping, irrespective of object size. We therefore reject our precision hypothesis. We discuss the results in the framework of grasping as moving digits to positions on an object. We conclude that the reported disagreement on the effect of illusions is because the Ebbinghaus illusion not only affects size, but –unlike most size illusions– also affects perceived positions.

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