Toxic Effects of Amino-Acids and Amines on Seedling Growth

Nature ◽  
1947 ◽  
Vol 160 (4059) ◽  
pp. 222-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. AUDUS ◽  
J. H. QUASTEL
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Toxic Effects

scholarly journals Comparative Effects of Industrial Effluents and sub-metropolitan Sewage of Biratnagar on Germination and seedling growth of Rice and Blackgram

Our Nature ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhabindra Niroula
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Lethal Effect ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Black Gram ◽  
Leather Industry ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Power House ◽  
Industry Effluent

Comparative effects of effluents from six major industries viz. Diesel Power House, Hetaunda Iron and Steel, Hulas Wire, Himalaya Soap and Chemicals, Leather Industry, Shah Udyog and sub-metropolitan Sewage of Biratnagar on germination and seedling growth of rice and black gram were studied. Effluent of Himalaya Soap and Chemicals showed toxic lethal effect on both the test crops. On germination rice remained more sensitive and susceptible to the toxic effects of industrial effluents but black gram proved to be more tolerant. Effluents of Diesel power House and Shah Udyog remained toxic for seedling growth of black gram as their effects were significant while Leather Industry effluent showed toxic effect on rice for germination as well as seedling growth. Keywords: Industrial effluents, Sewage, Germinationdoi:10.3126/on.v1i1.296Our Nature (2003) 1: 10-14

Influence of earthworm mucus and amino acids on tomato seedling growth and cadmium accumulation

2009 ◽  
Vol 157 (10) ◽  
pp. 2737-2742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shujie Zhang ◽  
Feng Hu ◽  
Huixin Li ◽  
Xiuqiang Li
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Cadmium Accumulation ◽  
Tomato Seedling

Effect of Galactose Ingestion on the Urinary Amino Acid Excretion in the Rat

1958 ◽  
Vol 193 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Human ◽  
M. Middleton ◽  
E. Geiger
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Acid Excretion ◽  
Renal Reabsorption ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Urinary Amino

Groups of weanling rats were fed diets containing various levels of galactose or glucose or both. The excretion of amino acids was not affected by the type or quantity of ingested carbohydrate. It seems likely, therefore, that the aminoaciduria observed in galactosemic infants must be due to some cause other than the toxic effects of galactose itself or a competition for the renal reabsorption mechanism.

STUDIES ON HEPATIC NECROSIS INDUCED BY DIETARY MEANS

1952 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-121
Author(s):  
John R. McLean ◽  
J. M. R. Beveridge
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Hepatic Necrosis ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Liver Necrosis ◽  
Young Rats ◽  
Antithyroid Agents

The addition of the antithyroid agents, thiocyanate and propylthiouracil, to a basal diet low in the sulphur-containing amino acids and in α-tocopherol ameliorated its necrogenic effect, but did not prevent the development of acute massive liver necrosis when this ration was fed to young rats. The necrogenic effect of a basal diet supplemented with desiccated thyroid, an agent that greatly potentiates the necrogenicity of the ration, was completely abolished by the addition of cystine or α-tocopherol. These substances did not overcome the well known toxic effects of excessive amounts of thyroid tissue.

scholarly journals Toxic Effects of Aromatic Amino Acids on the Livability of Bull Spermatozoa

1972 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
KL Macmillan ◽  
JL Tiku ◽  
NL Hart
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Aromatic Amino Acids ◽  
Dilution Effect ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Toxic Effects

The addition ofL.tyrosine, L.tryptophan, or L.phenylalanine at concentrations as low as 0�5 mM reduced the livability of sperm incubated in Caprogen at 37�C. The toxicity of each amino acid increased with concentration, but L.phenylalanine was most toxic. Catalase (4�5 p.g/ml) significantly increased livabilities but did not completely eliminate the toxic effect of L.phenylalanine or L-tryptophan. The D-amino acids were not toxic. Dialysing egg yolk prior to its incorporation into semen extenders improved sperm livability but the inclusion of catalase produced a significantly greater response. The beneficial effect of catalase was most pronounced at low sperm concentrations (5 million sperm per millilitre). The results suggest that the previously reported dilution effect may be due to peroxide produced from aromatic amino acids.

scholarly journals The value of a low-protein diet and ketoanalogues of essential amino acids in the сontrol of protein carbamylation and toxic effects of urea in chronic kidney disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 729-735
Author(s):  
Nataliia A. Mikhailova
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Uremic Toxins ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by high mortality from cardiovascular diseases, the development of which is facilitated by traditional risk factors (typical for the general population) and by nontraditional ones (specific to patients with CKD) as well. These factors include also uremic toxins, for which a causal relationship has been established with specific pathological processes in patients with CKD, comprising the development of vascular dysfunction and accelerated progression of atherosclerosis. Urea has long been considered not as a uremic toxin, but as a marker of metabolic imbalance or dialysis efficiency (Kt/V) in CKD patients. In recent years, more and more publications have appeared on the study of the toxic effects of urea with the development of toxic-uremic complications and the phenotype of premature aging, common in CKD. It was found that an increase in urea levels in uremic syndrome causes damage to the intestinal epithelial barrier with translocation of bacterial toxins into the bloodstream and the development of systemic inflammation, provokes apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells, as well as endothelial dysfunction, which directly contributes to the development of cardiovascular complications. The indirect effects of increased urea levels are associated with carbamylation reactions, when isocyanic acid (a product of urea catabolism) changes the structure and function of proteins in the body. Carbamylation of proteins in CKD patients is associated with the development of renal fibrosis, atherosclerosis and anemia. Thus, urea is now regarded as an important negative agent in the pathogenesis of complications in CKD. Studies on a low-protein diet with using ketoanalogues of essential amino acids to minimize the accumulation of urea and other uremic toxins demonstrate the clinical benefit of such an intervention in slowing the progression of CKD and the development of cardiovascular complications.

scholarly journals Osmoregulation in Drosophila melanogaster selected for urea tolerance

1999 ◽  
Vol 202 (17) ◽  
pp. 2349-2358 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.A. Pierce ◽  
L.D. Mueller ◽  
A.G. Gibbs
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Organic Osmolytes ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Body Compartments ◽  
And Control

Animals may adapt to hyperosmolar environments by either osmoregulating or osmoconforming. Osmoconforming animals generally accumulate organic osmolytes including sugars, amino acids or, in a few cases, urea. In the latter case, they also accumulate ‘urea-counteracting’ solutes to mitigate the toxic effects of urea. We examined the osmoregulatory adaptation of Drosophila melanogaster larvae selected to live in 300 mmol l(−)(1) urea. Larvae are strong osmoregulators in environments with high NaCl or sucrose levels, but have increased hemolymph osmolarity on urea food. The increase in osmolarity on urea food is smaller in the selected larvae relative to unselected control larvae, and their respective hemolymph urea concentrations can account for the observed increases in total osmolarity. No other hemolymph components appear to act as urea-counteractants. Urea is calculated to be in equilibrium across body compartments in both selected and control larvae, indicating that the selected larvae are not sequestering it to lower their hemolymph osmolarity. The major physiological adaptation to urea does not appear to involve increased tolerance or improved osmoregulation per se, but rather mechanisms (e.g. metabolism, decreased uptake or increased excretion) that reduce overall urea levels and the consequent toxicity.

scholarly journals Identifying Metabolic Perturbations and Toxic Effects of Rac-Metalaxyl and Metalaxyl-M in Mice Using Integrative NMR and UPLC-MS/MS Based Metabolomics

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 5457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Zhang ◽  
Sheng Wang ◽  
Yuhan He ◽  
Yangyang Xu ◽  
Dongmei Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Pathway Analysis ◽  
Metabolite Identification ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Exposure Level ◽  
Serum Amino Acids ◽  
Tryptophan Pathway ◽  
Exposure Dosage ◽  
Urine Metabolite

Although metabolic perturbations are sensitive indicators for low-dose toxic effects, the metabolic mechanisms affected by rac-metalaxyl and metalaxyl-M in mammals from a metabolic profiling perspective remain unclear. In this study, the metabolic perturbations and toxic effects of rac-metalaxyl and metalaxyl-M in mice were carefully investigated using integrative nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) based metabolomics. Histopathology, NMR-based untargeted urine profile, multivariate pattern recognition, metabolite identification, pathway analysis, UPLC-MS/MS based targeted serum amino acids, and tryptophan pathway analysis were determined after rac-metalaxyl and metalaxyl-M exposure, individually. Histopathology indicated that metalaxyl-M induced greater hepatocellular inflammatory, necrosis, and vacuolation in mice than rac-metalaxyl at the same exposure dosage. The metabolic perturbations induced by rac-metalaxyl and metalaxyl-M were directly separated using partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Furthermore, metabolite identification and pathway analysis indicated that rac-metalaxyl mainly induced ten urine metabolite changes and four pathway fluctuations. However, metalaxyl-M induced 19 urine metabolite changes and six pathway fluctuations. Serum amino acids and tryptophan pathway metabolite changes induced by rac-metalaxyl and metalaxyl-M were also different even at the same exposure level. Such results may provide specific insight into the metabolic perturbations and toxic effects of rac-metalaxyl and metalaxyl-M, and contribute to providing available data for health risk assessments of rac-metalaxyl and metalaxyl-M at a metabolomics level.

scholarly journals Azadirachta Indica A. Juss: Wood Ash Affects Seedling Growth of Mung Bean Vigna Radiata L.

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadaf Arshad ◽  
Muhammad Zafar Iqbal ◽  
Muhammad Shafiq ◽  
Mohammad Athar Tariq ◽  
Muhammad Kabir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Wood Ash ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

The burning of the wood ash is causing an environmental pollution related issue. The excess concentration of wood ash in the environment normally influenced on plant growth and development. This paper presents the effects of neem wood ash (Azadirachta inidca A. Juss.) on germination and seedling growth performance of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) crop plants. Overall, the data reveals significant (p<0.05) effects of neem wood ash on the different growth variable of mung bean. The treatment of 4-20% neem wood ash significantly (p<0.05) affected shoot length of mung bean as compared to control. Neem wood ash treatment at all concentration produced fewer toxic effects on root and leaf growth of mung bean. The neem wood ash treatment at 20% also produced significantly (p<0.05) toxic effects on root and leaf dry weight of mung bean. Whereas, neem wood ash treatment at all level did produce any significant effects on shoot dry weight, total plant dry weight and leaf area ratio of mung bean.

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