scholarly journals Clinical Trials of Tetra-Sodium 2-Methyl-1:4-Naphthohydroquinone Diphosphate, in Conjunction with X-ray Therapy

1948 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
J S Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tetra Sodium

scholarly journals Paclitaxel loading in cationic liposome vectors is enhanced by replacement of oleoyl with linoleoyl tails with distinct lipid shapes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhong Zhen ◽  
Kai K. Ewert ◽  
William S. Fisher ◽  
Victoria M. Steffes ◽  
Youli Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Membrane Structure ◽  
Cationic Liposome ◽  
Solubility Limit ◽  
Loading Capacity ◽  
Prostate Cancer Cells ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Cylindrical Micelles ◽  
Molecular Affinity

AbstractLipid carriers of hydrophobic paclitaxel (PTX) are used in clinical trials for cancer chemotherapy. Improving their loading capacity requires enhanced PTX solubilization. We compared the time-dependence of PTX membrane solubility as a function of PTX content in cationic liposomes (CLs) with lipid tails containing one (oleoyl; DOPC/DOTAP) or two (linoleoyl; DLinPC/newly synthesized DLinTAP) cis double bonds by using microscopy to generate kinetic phase diagrams. The DLin lipids displayed significantly increased PTX membrane solubility over DO lipids. Remarkably, 8 mol% PTX in DLinTAP/DLinPC CLs remained soluble for approximately as long as 3 mol% PTX (the solubility limit, which has been the focus of most previous studies and clinical trials) in DOTAP/DOPC CLs. The increase in solubility is likely caused by enhanced molecular affinity between lipid tails and PTX, rather than by the transition in membrane structure from bilayers to inverse cylindrical micelles observed with small-angle X-ray scattering. Importantly, the efficacy of PTX-loaded CLs against prostate cancer cells (their IC50 of PTX cytotoxicity) was unaffected by changing the lipid tails, and toxicity of the CL carrier was negligible. Moreover, efficacy was approximately doubled against melanoma cells for PTX-loaded DLinTAP/DLinPC over DOTAP/DOPC CLs. Our findings demonstrate the potential of chemical modifications of the lipid tails to increase the PTX membrane loading while maintaining (and in some cases even increasing) the efficacy of CLs. The increased PTX solubility will aid the development of liposomal PTX carriers that require significantly less lipid to deliver a given amount of PTX, reducing side effects and costs.

Advanced Monte Carlo application for in-silico clinical trials in x-ray breast imaging

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Sarno ◽  
Giovanni Mettivier ◽  
Francesca di Franco ◽  
Gianfranco Paternò ◽  
Angelo Taibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Breast Imaging ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals Monte Carlo dosimetry for forthcoming clinical trials in x-ray microbeam radiation therapy

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (15) ◽  
pp. 4375-4388 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Martínez-Rovira ◽  
J Sempau ◽  
J M Fernández-Varea ◽  
A Bravin ◽  
Y Prezado
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Microbeam Radiation Therapy

Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) Transmission Methodology in Clinical Trials

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 1165-1168
Author(s):  
Colin G. Miller ◽  
Anthony A. Lyons ◽  
David W. Pye ◽  
Mandy Blaze ◽  
Grace A. Fasano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals Phase II Multicenter Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial on the Efficacy of Intra-articular Injection of Autologous Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Platelet Rich Plasma for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
José María Lamo-Espinosa ◽  
Juan F. Blanco ◽  
Mikel Sánchez ◽  
Victoria Moreno ◽  
Froilán Granero-Moltó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background: Mesenchymal stromal cells are a safe and promising option to treat knee osteoarthritis as previously demonstrated in different clinical trials. However, their efficacy, optimal dose and addition of adjuvants must be determined. Here, we evaluated the clinical effects of a dose of 100x106 bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) in combination with Platelet Rich Plasma (PRGF®) as adjuvant in a randomized clinical trial.Methods: A phase II, multicenter, randomized clinical trial with active control was conducted. Sixty patients diagnosed with knee OA were randomly assigned to 3 weekly doses of PRGF® or intraarticular administration of 100x106 cultured autologous BM-MSCs plus PRGF®. Patients were followed up for 12 months, and pain and function were assessed using VAS and WOMAC and by measuring the knee range of motion range. X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging analyses were performed to analyze joint damage.Results: No adverse effects were reported after BM-MSC administration or during follow-up. According to VAS, the mean value (SD) for PRGF® and BM-MSC with PRGF® went from 5 (1.8) to 4.5 (2.2) (p=0.389) and from 5.3 (1.9) to 3.5 (2.5) (p=0.01), respectively at 12 months.. In WOMAC, the mean (SD) baseline and 12-month overall WOMAC scores in patients treated with PRGF® was 31.9 (16.2) and 22.3 (15.8) respectively (p=0.002) while that for patients treated with BM-MSC plus PRGF® was 33.4 (18.7) and 23.0 (16.6) (p=0.053). Although statistical significances between groups have been not detected, only patients being treated with BM-MSC plus PRGF® could be considered as a OA treatment responders following OARSI criteria. X-ray and MRI (WORMS protocol) revealed no changes in knee joint space width or joint damage.Conclusions: Treatment with BM-MSC associated with PRGF® was shown to be a viable therapeutic option for osteoarthritis of the knee, with clinical improvement at the end of follow-up. Further phase III clinical trials would be necessary to confirm the efficacy. Clinical Trials.gov identifier NCT02365142. Nº EudraCT: 2011-006036-23

scholarly journals The Targeting of RNA Polymerase I Transcription Using CX-5461 in Combination with Radiation Enhances Tumour Cell Killing Effects in Human Solid Cancers

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Ismael ◽  
Roger Webb ◽  
Mazhar Ajaz ◽  
Karen J. Kirkby ◽  
Helen M. Coley
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Rna Polymerase I ◽  
Rrna Synthesis ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Polymerase I ◽  
Novel Agent

An increased rate of cellular proliferation is a hallmark of cancer and may be accompanied by an increase in ribosome biogenesis and dysregulation in rRNA synthesis. In this regard, CX-5461 has been developed as a novel RNA polymerase I inhibitor and is currently in Phase I/II clinical trials for solid and hematological malignancies. In the present study, interactions between CX-5461 and single-dose X-ray exposure were assessed using isobologram analysis using MTS assay and drug-induced cell death was assessed using flow cytometric, confocal microscopy and Western blot analysis. Combination treatments involving CX-5461 and single-dose X-ray exposure highlighted increased effectiveness compared to individual treatment alone in the CaSki cervical cancer line, with marked synergistic interaction occurring within the low-drug (50 nM) and low-dose radiation range (2–6 Gy). Cell lines challenged with CX-5461 demonstrated the presence of DNA damage, induction of apoptosis, autophagy and senescence alongside high percentages of G2/M cell cycle arrest. In addition, we report preferential sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells with BRCA2 mutation to this novel agent. Taken together, CX-5461 displayed a broad spectrum of activity in a panel of solid cancer cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 35 nM to >1 µM. The work described herein identifies the synergistic effects of CX-5461 in combination with X-rays in solid cancers and may also aid in the design of clinical trials involving this novel agent.

Simulated sensor characterization for virtual clinical trials in mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis

2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (01) ◽  
pp. C01041
Author(s):  
A. Sarno ◽  
R.M. Tucciariello
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Power Spectrum ◽  
Detector Response ◽  
Noise Power ◽  
Noise Power Spectrum ◽  
Flat Panel ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Simulated Images ◽  
Pixel Pitch

Abstract Virtual clinical trials in X-ray breast imaging permit to compare different technical solutions and imaging modalities at reduced costs, involved personnel, reduced times and reduced radiation risks to patients. In this context, the detector characteristics (spatial resolution, noise level and efficiency) play a key role for an appropriate generation of simulated images. The project AGATA proposes to compute images as dose deposit maps in a detector layer of defined materials. Simulated images are then post-processed on the basis of suitable comparison between intrinsic characteristics of real and simulated detectors. With this scope, as first step for the post-processing manipulations, we evaluated the presampled modulation transfer function (MTF), the detector-response function and the noise power spectrum (NPS) of the simulated detectors. Two detectors were simulated: (1) 0.20 mm-thick a-Se direct flat panel with 70 µm pixel pitch and (2) CsI(Tl) indirect flat panel with 100 µm pixel pitch and scintillator layer 0.25 mm thick. In addition, the impact of simulating the de-excitation processes (Auger emission and fluorescence) was explored. Simulated detector characteristics were evaluated for W/Rh spectra between 25 kV and 31 kV. The in-silico platform used a Monte Carlo software based on Geant4 toolkit (vers. 6). First, the simulation and tracking of electrons generated from photoelectric or Compton interactions was shown to have neglectable influence on the pixel values for the explored spectra, with the produced electrons presenting short ranges with respect to the pixel dimension. In the case of the CsI detector, which has fluorescence energies higher than those of the simulated X-ray photons, the deexcitation processes have not noticeable influence on the calculated pixel values. On the other hand, the MTF of the a-Se detector resulted slightly lower when the fluorescence is simulated in the detector materials, due to the dose spread derived from the fluorescence photons, which can travel far from the initial ionization interaction. Regarding the a-Se detector, the noise power spectrum resulted lower with simulated deexcitation.

The Napoli-Varna-Davis project for virtual clinical trials in X-ray breast imaging

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Mettivier ◽  
Antonio Sarno ◽  
Francesca di Franco ◽  
Kristina Bliznakova ◽  
Zhivko Bliznakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Breast Imaging ◽  
X Ray

Computerized Ventilation

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-316
Author(s):  
RAN D. ANBAR
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Arterial Blood Gas ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Chest X Ray

To the Editor.— Carlo et al1 report an "expert system" based on an algorithm for mechanical ventilation of infants with respiratory distress syndrome which would have corrected arterial blood gas derangements in 89% of 106 clinical trials. This algorithm was applied to additional trials using an independently designed computer-generated ventilation simulation program (VSP). Written in BASIC, VSP expects its user to manage a randomly "created" infant with respiratory distress syndrome by monitoring arterial blood gas values, physical examination findings, and chest x-ray film findings.2

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