Elevated plasma levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and TGF-β2 in patients with disseminated malignant melanoma

The composition of bioactive factors with immune activity in human breast milk is widely studied. However, the knowledge on rat milk immune factors during the whole lactation period is still scarce. This study aimed to analyze rat breast milk’s immunoglobulin (Ig) content and some critical adipokines and growth factors throughout the lactation period, and to assess relationships with corresponding plasma levels. During lactation, milk concentration of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2 and -β3 showed a punctual increase in the first week, whereas adiponectin and leptin remained stable. In the second period of lactation (d14–21), despite the increase in the milk epidermal growth factor (EGF), a decrease in fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) was detected at day 21. Milk IgA concentration had a progressive increase during lactation, while no significant changes were found in IgM and IgG. Regarding plasma levels, a decrease in all studied adipokines was observed in the second period of lactation, with the exception of IgA and TGF-β1, which reached their highest values at the end of the study. A positive correlation in IgM, IgG, and adipokine concentration was detected between milk and plasma compartments. In summary, the changes in the pattern of these bioactive compounds in rat milk and plasma and their relationships during lactation are established.

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In situ analysis of transforming growth factor-βs (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, TGF-β3and TGF-3 type II receptor expression in malignant melanoma

Carcinogenesis ◽

10.1093/carcin/16.7.1499 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 16 (7) ◽

pp. 1499-1503 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Peter Schmid ◽

Peter Itin ◽

Theo Rufli

Keyword(s):

Growth Factor ◽

Malignant Melanoma ◽

Transforming Growth Factor ◽

Receptor Expression ◽

In Situ Analysis ◽

Type Ii ◽

Tgf Β1

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Elevated plasma levels of transforming growth factor beta 1 in patients with aseptic loosening of total hip arthroplasties: LETTERS TO THE EDITOR

Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology ◽

10.1080/03009749950155409 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 28 (6) ◽

pp. 383-384 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Géza Pap, Kathleen Bartels, Wolfram Neum

Keyword(s):

Growth Factor ◽

Aseptic Loosening ◽

Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽

Plasma Levels ◽

Transforming Growth Factor ◽

Elevated Plasma ◽

Letters To The Editor ◽

Total Hip ◽

Growth Factor Beta ◽

Hip Arthroplasties

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Role of circulating angiogenin TGF-β1, VEGF-R1, and VEGF-R2 in metastatic malignant melanoma patients

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.9048 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. 9048-9048

Author(s):

J. Spano ◽

R. Mouawad ◽

S. Vignot ◽

N. Magné ◽

D. Khayat

Keyword(s):

Growth Factor ◽

Malignant Melanoma ◽

Transforming Growth Factor ◽

Metastatic Malignant Melanoma ◽

Transforming Growth Factor Β1 ◽

Tumor Burden ◽

Clinicopathological Parameters ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Melanoma Patients ◽

Tgf Β1

9048 Background: Malignant melanoma is a disease capable of rapid progression and is associated with high angiogenesis. Thus, investigation of mechanisms involved in metastasis is essential to control this tumor. However, the angiogenesis regulators that are biologically relevant for melanoma are still unknown. We have previously reported that high levels of soluble VEGF in metastatic malignant melanoma (MMM) patients may represent a useful biomarker to predict the effect of biochemotherapy in terms of clinical response. In this study, we evaluate whether soluble levels of angiogenin, transforming growth factor-β1 and VEGFR-1 and -2 play a role in metastatic malignant melanoma patients and to determine if they have any relationship with clinicopathological parameters. Methods: Using a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, angiogenin TGF-β1, VEGF-R1 and VEGF-R2 were measured in sera of 70 patients with a fully documented history of metastatic malignant melanoma in comparison with 30 healthy controls. Results: Pretreatment circulating angiogenin, TGF- β1 VEGF-R1 and VEGF-R2 were detectable, variable in all samples from either melanoma patients or healthy donors Only serum transforming growth factor- β1 levels was significantly higher (p=0.005) in patients compared to healthy controls. No relationship was observed between sex, age or LDH level and all studied parameters. When tumor burden has been taken into consideration, a significant relationship was established between high circulating serum TGF-β1 (p= 0.001) levels and tumor burden were found, Similarly, higher serum VEGFR1 levels were correlated with tumor burden (P = 0.02). Conclusions: The presence of high circulating TGF-β1 and VEGF-R1 in metastatic malignant melanoma patients may prospectively identify high-risk patients with a worse prognosis. In addition, these two parameters may be promising targets for new therapeutic strategies in this pathology. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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Impact of Auditory Integrative Training on Transforming Growth Factor-β1 and Its Effect on Behavioral and Social Emotions in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Medical Principles and Practice ◽

10.1159/000486572 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 23-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Laila Al-Ayadhi ◽

Abdulrahman Mohammed Alhowikan ◽

Dost Muhammad Halepoto

Keyword(s):

Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Plasma Levels ◽

Transforming Growth Factor ◽

Children With Autism ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Spectrum Disorder ◽

Sensory Profile ◽

The Social ◽

Tgf Β1

Objective: To explore the impact of auditory integrative training (AIT) on the inflammatory biomarker transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and to assess its effect on social behavior in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Subjects and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 15 patients (14 males and 1 female) with ASD aged 3-12 years were recruited. All were screened for autism using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Plasma levels of TGF-β1 were measured in all patients using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) immediately and 1 and 3 months after the AIT sessions. Pre- and post-AIT behavioral scores were also calculated for each child using the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), and the Short Sensory Profile (SSP). Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 21.0 for Windows). Results: Plasma levels of TGF-β1 significantly increased to 85% immediately after AIT (20.13 ± 12 ng/mL, p < 0.05), to 95% 1 month after AIT (21.2 ± 11 ng/mL, p < 0.01), and to 105% 3 months after AIT (22.25 ± 16 ng/mL, p < 0.01) compared to before AIT (10.85 ± 8 ng/mL). Results also revealed that behavioral rating scales (CARS, SRS, and SSP) improved in terms of disease severity after AIT. Conclusion: Increased plasma levels of TGF-β1 support the therapeutic effect of AIT on TGF-β1 followed by improvement in social awareness, social cognition, and social communication in children with ASD. Furthermore, TGF-β1 was associated with severity in all scores tested (CARS, SRS, and SSP); if confirmed in studies with larger sample sizes, TGF-β1 may be considered as a marker of ASD severity and to assess the efficacy of therapeutic interventions.

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Canine Transforming Growth Factor-β Receptor 2-Ig: A Potential Candidate Biologic for Melanoma Treatment That Reverses Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Immunosuppression

Frontiers in Veterinary Science ◽

10.3389/fvets.2021.656715 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Hiroto Takeuchi ◽

Satoru Konnai ◽

Naoya Maekawa ◽

Satoshi Takagi ◽

Hiroshi Ohta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Factor ◽

Malignant Melanoma ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Cytokine Production ◽

Transforming Growth Factor ◽

Immune Systems ◽

Th1 Cytokine ◽

Oral Malignant Melanoma ◽

Canine Melanoma ◽

Tgf Β1

Cancer cells can evade host immune systems via multiple mechanisms. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) is an immunosuppressive cytokine that induces regulatory T cell (Tregs) differentiation and is involved in immune evasion mechanisms in cancer. The inhibition of the TGF-β1 signaling pathway can suppress cancer progression and metastasis through the modulation of anticancer immune responses. However, to best of our knowledge, no implementation of treatments targeting TGF-β1 has been reported in dog cancers. This study aimed to examine whether TGF-β1 is upregulated in canine cancers. We measured TGF-β1 concentrations in culture supernatants of canine melanoma cell lines and in serum samples from dogs with oral malignant melanoma. TGF-β1 production was observed in several cell lines, and serum TGF-β1 levels were elevated in dogs with oral malignant melanoma. Interestingly, the addition of recombinant TGF-β1 to canine peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures decreased Th1 cytokine production and increased differentiation of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ lymphocytes, suggesting that TGF-β1 is immunosuppressive in canine immune systems. We developed a decoy receptor for TGF-β, namely TGF-βRII-Ig, by identifying an open reading frame of the canine TGFBR2 gene. TGF-βRII-Ig was prepared as a recombinant fusion protein of the extracellular region of canine TGF-βRII and the Fc region of canine IgG-B. As expected, TGF-βRII-Ig bound to TGF-β1. In the presence of TGF-β1, the treatment with TGF-βRII-Ig increased Th1 cytokine production and decreased the differentiation of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ lymphocytes. Our results suggest that TGF-βRII-Ig competitively inhibits the immunosuppressive effects of TGF-β1 and thereby activates immune responses. This study demonstrated the potential of TGF-βRII-Ig as a novel biologic for canine melanoma.

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