Am I a control?: Genotype-driven research recruitment and self-understandings of study participants

Abstract Despite its increasing use, few studies have reported on demographic representativeness and costs of research recruitment via social media. It was hypothesized that cost, reach, enrollment, and demographic representativeness would differ by social media recruitment approach. Participants were 18–25 year-olds at moderate to high risk of skin cancer based on phenotypic and behavioral characteristics. Paid Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter ads, unpaid social media posts by study staff, and unpaid referrals were used to recruit participants. Demographic and other characteristics of the sample were compared with the 2015 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) sample. Analyses demonstrated significant differences among recruitment approaches regarding cost efficiency, study participation, and representativeness. Costs were compared across 4,274 individuals who completed eligibility screeners over a 7-month period from: Instagram, 44.6% (of the sample) = 1,907, $9 (per individual screened); Facebook, 31.5% = 1,345, $8; Twitter, 1% = 42, $178; unpaid posts by study staff, 10.6% and referred, 6.5%, $1. The lowest rates of study enrollment among individuals screened was for Twitter. Most demographic and skin cancer risk factors of study participants differed from those of the 2015 NHIS sample and across social media recruitment approaches. Considering recruitment costs and number of participants enrolled, Facebook and Instagram appeared to be the most useful approaches for recruiting 18–25 year-olds. Findings suggest that project budget, target population and representativeness, and participation goals should inform selection and/or combination of existing and emerging online recruitment approaches.

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Recruitment of a Diverse Research Cohort in a Large Metropolitan Area for Dementia Intervention Studies

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.847 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 264-264

Author(s):

Melissa Reuland ◽

Deirdre Johnston ◽

Inga Antonsdottir ◽

Morgan Bunting ◽

Quincy Samus

Keyword(s):

Community Outreach ◽

Dementia Care ◽

Federal State ◽

Washington Dc ◽

Older Americans ◽

Research Recruitment ◽

Recruitment Challenges ◽

Study Team ◽

Study Partner ◽

Study Participants

Abstract In the near future, the costs, both human and financial, of dementia care will grow exponentially. Over five and a half million older Americans are estimated to be living with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia (ADRD). By 2050, this is expected to increase to over 13 million, with persons of color being at the highest risk for developing dementia. Considerable federal, state and private funds have been committed to research to prevent, treat, and care for persons at risk for ADRD. However, enrollment of research participants, particularly those coming from diverse backgrounds into studies, is a perennial challenge and has serious implications. Between 2014 and 2019, a Johns Hopkins study team implemented a wide ranging research recruitment effort in the Baltimore-Washington DC area to enroll participants into two large federally funded dementia care coordination trials. A total of 2,063 study participants were self- or caregiver referred to these projects via referrals from organizations (e.g. religious, health, social service, aging, Medicaid clams) and targeted community outreach (e.g. events, media). Ultimately, 647 ADRD/study partner dyads were enrolled (31%). Outreach and recruitment challenges included stigma, lack of confirmed diagnosis, mistrust of research, and situational crises. The study team adapted enrollment criteria as challenges emerged, and ultimately spent $101,058 on outreach and recruitment to enroll 647 participant dyads. This represents a cost of $156.19 per dyad. This poster will provide background on the research program, detail the comprehensive outreach and recruitment strategies employed and their costs, and discuss best practices for recruiting this population.

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Development and preliminary evaluation of a patient portal messaging for research recruitment service

Journal of Clinical and Translational Science ◽

10.1017/cts.2018.10 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 53-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Kelly T. Gleason ◽

Daniel E. Ford ◽

Diana Gumas ◽

Bonnie Woods ◽

Lawrence Appel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electronic Medical Records ◽

Medical Records ◽

Recruitment Strategy ◽

Preliminary Evaluation ◽

Patient Portal ◽

Patient Portals ◽

Enrollment Rate ◽

Research Recruitment ◽

Recruitment Methods ◽

Study Participants

IntroductionWe developed a service to identify potential study participants through electronic medical records and deliver study invitations through patient portals.MethodsThe service was piloted in a cohort study that used multiple recruitment methods.ResultsPatient portal messages were sent to 1303 individuals and the enrollment rate was 10% (n=127). The patient portal enrollment rate was significantly higher than email and post mail (4%) strategies.ConclusionPatient portal messaging was an effective recruitment strategy.

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The Effect of Symbol Background Color on the Speed of Locating Targets by Adults Without Disabilities: Implications for Augmentative and Alternative Communication Display Design

Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups ◽

10.1044/2019_persp-19-00017 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

pp. 1482-1488

Author(s):

Jennifer J. Thistle

Keyword(s):

Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽

Reaction Times ◽

The Other ◽

Background Color ◽

Alternative Communication ◽

Display Design ◽

Line Drawings ◽

Research With Children ◽

Study Participants ◽

Perceptual Factors

Purpose Previous research with children with and without disabilities has demonstrated that visual–perceptual factors can influence the speech of locating a target on an array. Adults without disabilities often facilitate the learning and use of a child's augmentative and alternative communication system. The current research examined how the presence of symbol background color influenced the speed with which adults without disabilities located target line drawings in 2 studies. Method Both studies used a between-subjects design. In the 1st study, 30 adults (ages 18–29 years) located targets in a 16-symbol array. In the 2nd study, 30 adults (ages 18–34 years) located targets in a 60-symbol array. There were 3 conditions in each study: symbol background color, symbol background white with a black border, and symbol background white with a color border. Results In the 1st study, reaction times across groups were not significantly different. In the 2nd study, participants in the symbol background color condition were significantly faster than participants in the other conditions, and participants in the symbol background white with black border were significantly slower than participants in the other conditions. Conclusion Communication partners may benefit from the presence of background color, especially when supporting children using displays with many symbols.

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Predictors of Purchasing a Hearing Aid After an Evaluation Period: A Prospective Study in Dutch Older Hearing Aid Candidates

American Journal of Audiology ◽

10.1044/2019_aja-heal18-18-0163 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 (3S) ◽

pp. 802-805 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marieke Pronk ◽

Janine F. J. Meijerink ◽

Sophia E. Kramer ◽

Martijn W. Heymans ◽

Jana Besser

Keyword(s):

Help Seeking ◽

Hearing Aid ◽

Model Performance ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Support Program ◽

Evaluation Period ◽

A Prospective Study ◽

Study Participants ◽

Baseline Covariates

Purpose The current study aimed to identify factors that distinguish between older (50+ years) hearing aid (HA) candidates who do and do not purchase HAs after having gone through an HA evaluation period (HAEP). Method Secondary data analysis of the SUpport PRogram trial was performed ( n = 267 older, 1st-time HA candidates). All SUpport PRogram participants started an HAEP shortly after study enrollment. Decision to purchase an HA by the end of the HAEP was the outcome of interest of the current study. Participants' baseline covariates (22 in total) were included as candidate predictors. Multivariable logistic regression modeling (backward selection and reclassification tables) was used. Results Of all candidate predictors, only pure-tone average (average of 1, 2, and 4 kHz) hearing loss emerged as a significant predictor (odds ratio = 1.03, 95% confidence interval [1.03, 1.17]). Model performance was weak (Nagelkerke R 2 = .04, area under the curve = 0.61). Conclusions These data suggest that, once HA candidates have decided to enter an HAEP, factors measured early in the help-seeking journey do not predict well who will and will not purchase an HA. Instead, factors that act during the HAEP may hold this predictive value. This should be examined.

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A View of the Lexical–Grammatical Link in Young Latinos With Specific Language Impairment Using Language-Specific and Conceptual Measures

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/2019_jslhr-l-18-0315 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 62 (6) ◽

pp. 1775-1786 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lucía I. Méndez ◽

Gabriela Simon-Cereijido

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Language Impairment ◽

Specific Language Impairment ◽

L2 Acquisition ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Specific Language ◽

Vocabulary Skills ◽

In The Beginning ◽

Study Participants ◽

L1 And L2

Purpose This study investigated the nature of the association of lexical–grammatical abilities within and across languages in Latino dual language learners (DLLs) with specific language impairment (SLI) using language-specific and bilingual measures. Method Seventy-four Spanish/English–speaking preschoolers with SLI from preschools serving low-income households participated in the study. Participants had stronger skills in Spanish (first language [L1]) and were in the initial stages of learning English (second language [L2]). The children's lexical, semantic, and grammar abilities were assessed using normative and researcher-developed tools in English and Spanish. Hierarchical linear regressions of cross-sectional data were conducted using measures of sentence repetition tasks, language-specific vocabulary, and conceptual bilingual lexical and semantic abilities in Spanish and English. Results Results indicate that language-specific vocabulary abilities support the development of grammar in L1 and L2 in this population. L1 vocabulary also contributes to L2 grammar above and beyond the contribution of L2 vocabulary skills. However, the cross-linguistic association between vocabulary in L2 and grammar skills in the stronger or more proficient language (L1) is not observed. In addition, conceptual vocabulary significantly supported grammar in L2, whereas bilingual semantic skills supported L1 grammar. Conclusions Our findings reveal that the same language-specific vocabulary abilities drive grammar development in L1 and L2 in DLLs with SLI. In the early stages of L2 acquisition, vocabulary skills in L1 also seem to contribute to grammar skills in L2 in this population. Thus, it is critical to support vocabulary development in both L1 and L2 in DLLs with SLI, particularly in the beginning stages of L2 acquisition. Clinical and educational implications are discussed.

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Speech-Language Pathologists' Comfort Level With Use of Term “Stuttering” During Evaluations

American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology ◽

10.1044/2020_ajslp-19-00081 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 841-850 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Courtney T. Byrd ◽

Danielle Werle ◽

Kenneth O. St. Louis

Keyword(s):

Communication Disorders ◽

Academic Experiences ◽

Comfort Level ◽

Future Research ◽

Clinical Experiences ◽

Speech Language Pathologists ◽

Comfort Levels ◽

Parents And Children ◽

Evaluation Feedback ◽

Study Participants

Purpose Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) anecdotally report concern that their interactions with a child who stutters, including even the use of the term “stuttering,” might contribute to negative affective, behavioral, and cognitive consequences. This study investigated SLPs' comfort in providing a diagnosis of “stuttering” to children's parents/caregivers, as compared to other commonly diagnosed developmental communication disorders. Method One hundred forty-one school-based SLPs participated in this study. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two vignettes detailing an evaluation feedback session. Then, participants rated their level of comfort disclosing diagnostic terms to parents/caregivers. Participants provided rationale for their ratings and answered various questions regarding academic and clinical experiences to identify factors that may have influenced ratings. Results SLPs were significantly less likely to feel comfortable using the term “stuttering” compared to other communication disorders. Thematic responses revealed increased experience with a specific speech-language population was related to higher comfort levels with using its diagnostic term. Additionally, knowing a person who stutters predicted greater comfort levels as compared to other clinical and academic experiences. Conclusions SLPs were significantly less comfortable relaying the diagnosis “stuttering” to families compared to other speech-language diagnoses. Given the potential deleterious effects of avoidance of this term for both parents and children who stutter, future research should explore whether increased exposure to persons who stutter of all ages systematically improves comfort level with the use of this term.

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The Stereotype Threat Effect

Zeitschrift für Neuropsychologie ◽

10.1024/1016-264x/a000234 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 249-258 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Steffen Moritz ◽

Insa Happach ◽

Karla Spirandelli ◽

Tania M. Lincoln ◽

Fabrice Berna

Keyword(s):

Stereotype Threat ◽

Self Report ◽

Neuropsychological Performance ◽

Neurocognitive Deficits ◽

Online Study ◽

Memory And Attention ◽

Threat Effect ◽

Efficacy Expectations ◽

Study Participants ◽

The Impact

Abstract. Neurocognitive deficits in patients with mental disorders are partially due to secondary influences. “Stereotype threat” denotes the phenomenon that performance is compromised when a participant is confronted with a devaluing stereotype. The present study examined the impact of stereotype threat on neuropsychological performance in schizophrenia. Seventy-seven participants with a self-reported diagnosis of schizophrenia were randomly assigned to either an experimental condition involving stereotype threat activation or a control condition in an online study. Participants completed memory and attention tests as well as questionnaires on motivation, self-efficacy expectations, cognitive complaints, and self-stigmatization. Contrary to our prediction, the two groups showed no significant differences regarding neuropsychological performance and self-report measures. Limitations, such as a possibly too weak threat cue, are discussed and recommendations for future studies are outlined.

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Food-Evoked Changes in Humans

Journal of Psychophysiology ◽

10.1027/0269-8803/a000003 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 25-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Peter Walla ◽

Maria Richter ◽

Stella Färber ◽

Ulrich Leodolter ◽

Herbert Bauer

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Startle Response ◽

Brain Activity ◽

Soft Drink ◽

Ice Cream ◽

Response Amplitude ◽

Response Modulation ◽

Motivational States ◽

Localization Analysis ◽

Study Participants

Two experiments investigate effects related to food intake in humans. In Experiment 1, we measured startle response modulation while study participants ate ice cream, yoghurt, and chocolate. Statistical analysis revealed that ice cream intake resulted in the most robust startle inhibition compared to no food. Contrasting females and males, we found significant differences related to the conditions yoghurt and chocolate. In females, chocolate elicited the lowest response amplitude followed by yoghurt and ice cream. In males, chocolate produced the highest startle response amplitude even higher than eating nothing, whereas ice cream produced the lowest. Assuming that high response amplitudes reflect aversive motivation while low response amplitudes reflect appetitive motivational states, it is interpreted that eating ice cream is associated with the most appetitive state given the alternatives of chocolate and yoghurt across gender. However, in females alone eating chocolate, and in males alone eating ice cream, led to the most appetitive state. Experiment 2 was conducted to describe food intake-related brain activity by means of source localization analysis applied to electroencephalography data (EEG). Ice cream, yoghurt, a soft drink, and water were compared. Brain activity in rostral portions of the superior frontal gyrus was found in all conditions. No localization differences between conditions occurred. While EEG was found to be insensitive, startle response modulation seems to be a reliable method to objectively quantify motivational states related to the intake of different foods.

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A Bird in the Hand Isn’t Good for Long

Experimental Psychology (formerly Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie) ◽

10.1027/1618-3169/a000385 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 65 (1) ◽

pp. 23-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Stefan Scherbaum ◽

Simon Frisch ◽

Maja Dshemuchadse

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Cognitive Control ◽

The Other ◽

Decision Task ◽

Short Term ◽

Additional Time ◽

Control Processes ◽

Folk Wisdom ◽

Study Participants ◽

Insight Into

Abstract. Folk wisdom tells us that additional time to make a decision helps us to refrain from the first impulse to take the bird in the hand. However, the question why the time to decide plays an important role is still unanswered. Here we distinguish two explanations, one based on a bias in value accumulation that has to be overcome with time, the other based on cognitive control processes that need time to set in. In an intertemporal decision task, we use mouse tracking to study participants’ responses to options’ values and delays which were presented sequentially. We find that the information about options’ delays does indeed lead to an immediate bias that is controlled afterwards, matching the prediction of control processes needed to counter initial impulses. Hence, by using a dynamic measure, we provide insight into the processes underlying short-term oriented choices in intertemporal decision making.

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