scholarly journals Mechanisms of Perinatal Arterial Ischemic Stroke

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 921-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Fernández-López ◽  
Niranjana Natarajan ◽  
Stephen Ashwal ◽  
Zinaida S Vexler
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Cell Death ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Arterial Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Perinatal Stroke

The incidence of perinatal stroke is high, similar to that in the elderly, and produces a significant morbidity and severe long-term neurologic and cognitive deficits, including cerebral palsy, epilepsy, neuropsychological impairments, and behavioral disorders. Emerging clinical data and data from experimental models of cerebral ischemia in neonatal rodents have shown that the pathophysiology of perinatal brain damage is multifactorial. These studies have revealed that, far from just being a smaller version of the adult brain, the neonatal brain is unique with a very particular and age-dependent responsiveness to hypoxia–ischemia and focal arterial stroke. In this review, we discuss fundamental clinical aspects of perinatal stroke as well as some of the most recent and relevant findings regarding the susceptibility of specific brain cell populations to injury, the dynamics and the mechanisms of neuronal cell death in injured neonates, the responses of neonatal blood-brain barrier to stroke in relation to systemic and local inflammation, and the long-term effects of stroke on angiogenesis and neurogenesis. Finally, we address translational strategies currently being considered for neonatal stroke as well as treatments that might effectively enhance repair later after injury.

scholarly journals Aurintricarboxylic acid rescues PC12 cells and sympathetic neurons from cell death caused by nerve growth factor deprivation: correlation with suppression of endonuclease activity.

1991 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 461-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Batistatou ◽  
L A Greene
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Nerve Growth Factor ◽  
Pc12 Cells ◽  
Sympathetic Neurons ◽  
Neuronal Cell Death ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Endonuclease Activity ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Serum Free

Past studies have shown that serum-free cultures of PC12 cells are a useful model system for studying the neuronal cell death which occurs after neurotrophic factor deprivation. In this experimental paradigm, nerve growth factor (NGF) rescues the cells from death. It is reported here that serum-deprived PC12 cells manifest an endonuclease activity that leads to internucleosomal cleavage of their cellular DNA. This activity is detected within 3 h of serum withdrawal and several hours before any morphological sign of cell degeneration or death. NGF and serum, which promote survival of the cells, inhibit the DNA fragmentation. Aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA), a general inhibitor of nucleases in vitro, suppresses the endonuclease activity and promotes long-term survival of PC12 cells in serum-free cultures. This effect appears to be independent of macromolecular synthesis. In addition, ATA promotes long-term survival of cultured sympathetic neurons after NGF withdrawal. ATA neither promotes nor maintains neurite outgrowth. It is hypothesized that the activation of an endogenous endonuclease could be responsible for neuronal cell death after neurotrophic factor deprivation and that growth factors could promote survival by leading to inhibition of constitutively present endonucleases.

scholarly journals Long-term effects of alcohol consumption on cognitive function in seniors: a cohort study in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lizhen Han ◽  
Jinzhu Jia
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cox Model ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Rice Wine ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Healthy Longevity

Abstract Background In the context of increasing global aging, the long-term effects of alcohol consumption on cognitive function in older adults were analyzed in order to provide rationalized health recommendations to the elderly population. Methods The study used the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) dataset, from which 5354 Chinese seniors aged 65–112 years were selected as the subjects, spanning the years 1998–2018. Data on alcohol, diet, activity, and cognition were collected by questionnaire and cognitive levels were judged by the Mini-Mental State Examination scale (also referenced to the Functional Assessment Staging Test). Data cleaning and preprocessing was implemented by R software. The dynamic Cox model was applied for model construction and data analysis. Results The results of the dynamic Cox model suggested that seniors who drank alcohol were at higher risk of cognitive decline compared to those who never drank (HR = 1.291, 95%CI: 1.175–1.419). The risk was similarly exacerbated by perennial drinking habits (i.e., longer drinking years, HR = 1.008, 95%CI: 1.004–1.013). Compared to non-alcoholic beverages, liquor (≥ 38°), liquor (< 38°), wine and rice wine all showed negative effects. Whereas, the risk of cognitive decline was relatively lower in seniors who consumed liquors (< 38°) and rice wine compared to the high-level liquor (HR: 0.672 (0.508, 0.887) and 0.732 (0.559, 0.957), respectively). Conclusions Alcohol consumption has a negative and long-term effects on cognitive function in seniors. For the elderly, we suggested that alcohol intake should be avoided as much as possible.

VR Applied Asobi-Litation System for Dementia Elderly in Group Homes

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 698-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mieko Ohsuga ◽  
◽  
Yumiko Inoue ◽  
Wataru Hashimoto ◽  
Fumitaka Nakaizumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Group Home ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Group Homes ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Rehabilitation System ◽  
System Use ◽  
System Acceptance ◽  
Positive Effect

The “Asobilitation” (Japanese “asobi,” meaning “play,” replaces the “rehab” in “rehabilitation”) system we developed using virtual reality and targeting physical and mental improvement in elderly people with dementia was applied to residents of a group home for the aged, “Nishiyama no Sato.” A pair of residents, or a resident and a caregiver, took part in a cooperative game using bicycling or a balancing exercise. First experiment was executed to evaluate system acceptance and over two thirds of the residents participated indicating that they found the system at least interesting and easy enough to try out. Second experiment was designed for effect assessment of system use, however it showed no clear positive effect of the system on walking, despite our objectives of having the system improve mobility and reverse lower-leg muscle deterioration. A study is thus needed on the system’s continuous, long-term effects, and we must develop an easier way to assess walking function in the elderly with dementia.

scholarly journals Long-Term Effects of Statin Treatment in Elderly People: Extended Follow-Up of the PROspective Study of Pravastatin in the Elderly at Risk (PROSPER)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. e72642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne M. Lloyd ◽  
David J. Stott ◽  
Anton J. M. de Craen ◽  
Patricia M. Kearney ◽  
Naveed Sattar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Statin Treatment ◽  
Long Term Effects

scholarly journals Top-Down Proteomics of Human Saliva Highlights Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Defense Responses in Alzheimer Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Contini ◽  
Alessandra Olianas ◽  
Simone Serrao ◽  
Carla Deriu ◽  
Federica Iavarone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Protein Profile ◽  
Neuronal Cell Death ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Human Saliva ◽  
Salivary Protein ◽  
Immunological Methods

Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease in the elderly, characterized by accumulation in the brain of misfolded proteins, inflammation, and oxidative damage leading to neuronal cell death. By considering the viewpoint that AD onset and worsening may be influenced by environmental factors causing infection, oxidative stress, and inflammatory reaction, we investigated the changes of the salivary proteome in a population of patients with respect to that in healthy controls (HCs). Indeed, the possible use of saliva as a diagnostic tool has been explored in several oral and systemic diseases. Moreover, the oral cavity continuously established adaptative and protective processes toward exogenous stimuli. In the present study, qualitative/quantitative variations of 56 salivary proteoforms, including post-translationally modified derivatives, have been analyzed by RP-HPLC-ESI-IT-MS and MS/MS analyses, and immunological methods were applied to validate MS results. The salivary protein profile of AD patients was characterized by significantly higher levels of some multifaceted proteins and peptides that were either specific to the oral cavity or also expressed in other body districts: (i) peptides involved in the homeostasis of the oral cavity; (ii) proteins acting as ROS/RNS scavengers and with a neuroprotective role, such as S100A8, S100A9, and their glutathionylated and nitrosylated proteoforms; cystatin B and glutathionylated and dimeric derivatives; (iii) proteins with antimicrobial activity, such as α-defensins, cystatins A and B, histatin 1, statherin, and thymosin β4, this last with a neuroprotective role at the level of microglia. These results suggested that, in response to injured conditions, Alzheimer patients established defensive mechanisms detectable at the oral level. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD021538.

scholarly journals Eradication of Helicobacter pylori may improve dyspepsia in the elderly for the long term

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikko Tanaka ◽  
Shoko Ono ◽  
Yoshihiko Shimoda ◽  
Masaki Inoue ◽  
Sayoko Kinowaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Epigastric Pain ◽  
Eradication Therapy ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Postprandial Fullness ◽  
Abdominal Symptoms ◽  
H Pylori

Abstract Background Therapy for eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) improves symptoms of H. pylori-associated dyspepsia (HPD), but the effects of eradication in elderly patients are unclear. The aim of our study was to investigate dyspepsia symptoms and long-term effects of eradication in elderly patients. Methods This retrospective study included 496 patients who received H. pylori eradication therapy. The patients were divided into a group of elderly patients (group E: ≧ 65 years old) and a group of non-elderly patients (group N: < 65 years old). Abdominal symptoms were evaluated using a questionnaire about abdominal symptoms before eradication and after eradication (1–2 months and more than one year). Dyspepsia was defined as a score of 4 points or more for at least one of 4 items (postprandial fullness, early satiety, epigastric pain, and hunger pain). Improvement of symptoms was defined on the basis of changes in Global Overall Systems scores. Results There were no differences in abdominal symptoms before eradication between the two groups. Successful eradication improved symptoms in patients with dyspepsia within 2 months (in 75.6% (56/74) of the patients in group N and in 64.5% (20/31) of the patients in group E). The questionnaire showed that 80% (32/40) of the patients in group N and 60% (12/20) of the patients in group E had long-term relief of dyspepsia. The scores for abdominal symptoms in group E continued to improve for a mean period of 54.8 months after eradication. Conclusions Eradication of H. pylori age-independently improved dyspepsia symptoms for the long term.

scholarly journals The effects of fine and coarse particulate matter on lung function among the elderly

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Hsien Chen ◽  
Chih-Da Wu ◽  
Hung-Che Chiang ◽  
Dachen Chu ◽  
Kang-Yun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey

Abstract Impaired lung function is associated with morbidity and mortality in the elderly. However, there is a paucity of data regarding the long-term effects of particulate matter (PM) on lung function among the elderly. This study evaluated the exposure-response relationship between ambient PM and different lung function indices among the elderly in Taiwan. A cross-sectional survey of individuals aged ≥65 years was conducted in Taiwan from October 2015 to September 2016. Those who attended the annual health examination for the elderly in five hospitals of varying background PM concentrations were enrolled. The long-term (2015 annual mean concentration) exposure to air pollution was estimated by the Kriging method at the residence of each subject. The association between ambient PM exposure and lung function was evaluated by linear regression modeling, with adjustments for age, sex, height, weight, educational attainment, presence of asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, smoking status, season, and co-pollutants. There were 1241 subjects (mean age, 70.5 years). The mean residential PM2.5 and PM2.5–10 in 2015 was 26.02 and 18.01 μg/m3, respectively. After adjustments for confounders and co-pollutants, the FVC decrease was best associated with fine particles (PM2.5), whereas the FEV1, FEF25–75%, FEF25% and FEF50% decreases were best associated with coarse particles (PM2.5–10). An IQR (10 μg/m3) increase in PM2.5 decreased FVC by 106.38 ml (4.47%), while an IQR (7.29 μg/m3) increase in PM2.5–10 decreased FEV1 and FEF25–75% by 91.23 ml (4.85%) and 104.44 ml/s (5.58%), respectively. Among the Taiwanese elderly, long-term PM2.5 exposure mainly decreases the vital capacity of lung function. Moreover, PM2.5–10 has a stronger negative effect on the function of conductive airways than PM2.5.

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