Apparent Differences in Transcriptional Control in Cells productively Infected and Transformed by SV40

A DNA fragment bearing the PHO8 gene, which encodes repressible alkaline phosphatase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was cloned. Northern hybridizations with the PHO8 DNA as probe indicated that the PHO8 transcript is 1.8 kilobases in length and is more abundant in cells grown in low-phosphate medium than in high-phosphate medium. The pho9 mutant, whose phenotype is defective in the activity of repressible alkaline phosphatase, produced as much of the PHO8 transcript as did the PHO9+ cells. Hence, the PHO9 product should act at the post-transcriptional level. The pho4 mutant could not derepress the PHO8 transcript, whereas the pho80 mutant could, irrespective of the amount of Pi in the medium, as has been suggested by genetic study.

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Transcriptional and post-transcriptional control of PHO8 expression by PHO regulatory genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Molecular and Cellular Biology ◽

10.1128/mcb.5.1.248 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 248-252 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Y Kaneko ◽

Y Tamai ◽

A Toh-e ◽

Y Oshima

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Genetic Study ◽

Transcriptional Control ◽

Regulatory Genes ◽

Transcriptional Level ◽

Dna Fragment ◽

Phosphate Medium ◽

High Phosphate ◽

In Cells

A DNA fragment bearing the PHO8 gene, which encodes repressible alkaline phosphatase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was cloned. Northern hybridizations with the PHO8 DNA as probe indicated that the PHO8 transcript is 1.8 kilobases in length and is more abundant in cells grown in low-phosphate medium than in high-phosphate medium. The pho9 mutant, whose phenotype is defective in the activity of repressible alkaline phosphatase, produced as much of the PHO8 transcript as did the PHO9+ cells. Hence, the PHO9 product should act at the post-transcriptional level. The pho4 mutant could not derepress the PHO8 transcript, whereas the pho80 mutant could, irrespective of the amount of Pi in the medium, as has been suggested by genetic study.

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Benzylsuccinate Synthase is Post-Transcriptionally Regulated in the Toluene-Degrading Denitrifier Magnetospirillum sp. Strain 15-1

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms8050681 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 681 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ingrid Meyer-Cifuentes ◽

Sylvie Gruhl ◽

Sven-Bastiaan Haange ◽

Vanessa Lünsmann ◽

Nico Jehmlich ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transcriptional Control ◽

Toluene Degradation ◽

Regulation Of Expression ◽

Glycyl Radical ◽

Copy Numbers ◽

Catalytically Active ◽

Oxygen Sensitive ◽

Benzylsuccinate Synthase ◽

Glycyl Radical Enzyme ◽

In Cells

The facultative denitrifying alphaproteobacterium Magnetospirillum sp. strain 15-1 had been isolated from the hypoxic rhizosphere of a constructed wetland model fed with toluene. This bacterium can catabolize toluene anaerobically but not aerobically. Here, we used strain 15-1 to investigate regulation of expression of the highly oxygen-sensitive glycyl radical enzyme benzylsuccinate synthase, which catalyzes the first step in anaerobic toluene degradation. In cells growing aerobically with benzoate, the addition of toluene resulted in a ~20-fold increased transcription of bssA, encoding for the catalytically active subunit of the enzyme. Under anoxic conditions, bssA mRNA copy numbers were up to 129-fold higher in cells growing with toluene as compared to cells growing with benzoate. Proteomics showed that abundance of benzylsuccinate synthase increased in cells growing anaerobically with toluene. In contrast, peptides of this enzyme were never detected in oxic conditions. These findings show that synthesis of benzylsuccinate synthase was under stringent post-transcriptional control in the presence of oxygen, which is a novel level of regulation for glycyl radical enzymes.

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A Novel Role of PM Extracts on the Post-Transcriptional Control of Pro-Inflammatory Mediators, IL-6 and CXCL8

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos10050270 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 270

Author(s):

Evasomary Rivera-Ramírez ◽

Loyda B. Méndez ◽

Andrea Ortíz-Rivera ◽

Rosa I. Rodríguez-Cotto ◽

Braulio Jiménez-Vélez

Keyword(s):

Steady State ◽

Inflammatory Mediators ◽

Half Life ◽

Transcriptional Control ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Organic Extracts ◽

Steady State Levels ◽

Mrna Half Life ◽

Cxcl8 Mrna ◽

In Cells

Exposure to airborne particulate matter (PM) has been associated with the transcriptional up-regulation of pro-inflammatory mediators. However, the effect of PM on post-transcriptional regulation of pro-inflammatory mediators has not been fully explored. In this study, we examined the acute effect of organic extracts from urban PM, rural PM and diesel exhaust particles (DEP) on the post-transcriptional control of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (CXCL8) using a human bronchial epithelial cell line. Both PM and DEP extracts induced the release of IL-6 and CXCL8 after 24 h of exposure. Time-course experiments were conducted to examine changes in mRNA steady-state levels and half-lives. The steady-state levels of CXCL8 mRNA increase at 15 min on cells exposed to both PM and DEP extracts. Meanwhile only the urban extract induced significant increases of IL-6 mRNA levels at 15 min. Indirect measurements of IL-6 mRNA half-life showed a dramatic increase in cells exposed to the organic extracts. CXCL8 mRNA half-life increases in cells exposed to PM extracts and not DEP extract. Nuclear run-ons demonstrated that the urban PM and DEP extracts promoted an up-regulation in the transcription rate of CXCL8 at 15 min but not for IL-6. Urban and rural PM influences the post-transcriptional control of CXCL8.

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p67SRF is a constitutive nuclear protein implicated in the modulation of genes required throughout the G1 period.

Cell Regulation ◽

10.1091/mbc.2.7.575 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 2 (7) ◽

pp. 575-588 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

C Gauthier-Rouvière ◽

J C Cavadore ◽

J M Blanchard ◽

N J Lamb ◽

A Fernandez

Keyword(s):

Dna Binding ◽

Dna Synthesis ◽

Transcriptional Control ◽

Serum Response Factor ◽

Nuclear Staining ◽

Inhibition Of Dna Synthesis ◽

Binding Sequence ◽

Serum Response ◽

In Cells

Indirect immunofluorescence analysis, using antibodies directed against peptide sequences outside the DNA-binding domain of the 67-kDa serum response factor (p67SRF), revealed a punctuated nuclear staining, constant throughout the cell cycle and in all different cell lines tested. p67SRF was also tightly associated with chromatin through all stages of mitosis. Inhibition of p67SRF activity in vivo, through microinjection of anti-p67SRF antibodies, specifically suppressed DNA synthesis induced after serum addition or ras microinjection, suggesting that these antibodies were effective in preventing expression of serum response element (SRE)-regulated genes. A similar inhibition was also obtained in cells injected with oligonucleotides corresponding to the DNA binding sequence for p67SRF protein, SRE. Moreover, this inhibition of DNA synthesis by anti-p67SRF or SRE injection was still observed in cells injected during late G1, well after c-fos induction. These data imply that genes regulated by p67SRF are continuously involved in the proliferation pathway throughout G1 and that p67SRF forms an integral component of mammalian cell transcriptional control.

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Growth-Independent Regulation of CLN3mRNA Levels by Nutrients in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Journal of Bacteriology ◽

10.1128/jb.180.2.225-230.1998 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 180 (2) ◽

pp. 225-230 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Fereshteh Parviz ◽

Warren Heideman

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Transcriptional Control ◽

Protein A ◽

Nitrogen Sources ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Rich Medium ◽

Phase Growth ◽

Protein Levels ◽

In Cells

ABSTRACT Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells regulate progress through the G1 phase of the cell cycle in response to nutrients, moving quickly through G1 in rich medium and slowly in poor medium. Recent work has shown that the levels of Cln3 protein, a G1 cyclin, are low in cells growing in poor medium and high in cells growing rapidly in rich medium, consistent with the previously recognized role of Cln3 in promoting passage through Start. Cln3 protein levels appear to be regulated both transcriptionally and posttranscriptionally. We have worked to define the nutrient signals that regulate CLN3 mRNA levels. We find that CLN3 mRNA levels are high during log-phase growth in glucose medium, low in postdiauxic cells growing on ethanol, and slightly lower still in cells in stationary phase. CLN3mRNA levels are induced by glucose in a process that involves transcriptional control, requires metabolism of the glucose, and is independent of the Ras-cyclic AMP pathway. CLN3 mRNA levels are also positively regulated by nitrogen sources, but phosphorus and sulfur limitation do not affect CLN3 message levels.

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Complex regulation of the synthesis of the compatible solute ectoine in the halophilic bacterium Chromohalobacter salexigens DSM 3043T

Microbiology ◽

10.1099/mic.0.27122-0 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 150 (9) ◽

pp. 3051-3063 ◽

Cited By ~ 69

Author(s):

M. Isabel Calderón ◽

Carmen Vargas ◽

Fernando Rojo ◽

Fernando Iglesias-Guerra ◽

Laszlo N. Csonka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sigma Factor ◽

Glycine Betaine ◽

Transcriptional Control ◽

Halophilic Bacterium ◽

Compatible Solute ◽

Transcriptional Level ◽

Continuous Growth ◽

General Stress ◽

Chromohalobacter Salexigens ◽

In Cells

The synthesis of the compatible solute ectoine, mediated by the ectABC gene products, is the main mechanism used by the halophilic bacterium Chromohalobacter salexigens to cope with osmotic stress. Evidence was found that this process is regulated at the transcriptional level. S1 protection analyses performed with RNA extracted from cells grown in minimal medium at low (0·75 M NaCl) or high (2·5 M NaCl) osmolarity suggested the existence of four promoters upstream of ectA. Two of these (PectA1 and PectA2) might be recognized by the main vegetative sigma factor σ 70, and one (PectA3) might be dependent on the general stress sigma factor σ S. The S1 protection assays suggest that PectA1 and PectA3 may be osmoregulated promoters. In addition, an internal promoter showing sequences homologous to promoters dependent on the heat-shock sigma factor σ 32 was found upstream of ectB. Transcription from PectA in C. salexigens followed a pattern typical of σ S-dependent promoters, and was reduced by 50 % in an E. coli rpoS background. These data strongly suggest the involvement of the general stress sigma factor σ S in ectABC transcription in C. salexigens. Expression of PectA–lacZ and PectB–lacZ trancriptional fusions was very high at low salinity, suggesting that ectABC may be a partially constitutive system. Both transcriptional fusions were induced during continuous growth at high temperature and their expression was reduced in cells grown in the presence of osmoprotectants (ectoine or glycine betaine) or the DNA gyrase inhibitor nalidixic acid. Moreover, PectA–lacZ expression was negatively modulated in cells grown with an excess of iron (FeCl3). Measurement of ectoine levels in the presence of glycine betaine at different NaCl concentrations suggests that an additional post-transcriptional control may occur as well.

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Generation of light-producing somatic-transgenic mice using adeno-associated virus vectors

10.1101/328310 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rajvinder Karda ◽

Ahad A. Rahim ◽

Andrew M.S. Wong ◽

Natalie Suff ◽

Juan Antinao Diaz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Viral Vectors ◽

Transcriptional Control ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Firefly Luciferase ◽

Neuronal Morphology ◽

Whole Body ◽

Luciferase Expression ◽

Gfp Expression ◽

Different Response ◽

In Cells

AbstractWe have previously designed a library of lentiviral vectors to generate somatic-transgenic rodents to monitor signalling pathways in diseased organs using whole-body bioluminescence imaging, in conscious, freely moving rodents. We have now expanded this technology to adeno-associated viral vectors. We first explored bio-distribution by assessing GFP expression after neonatal intravenous delivery of AAV8. We observed widespread gene expression in, central and peripheral nervous system, liver, kidney and skeletal muscle. Next, we selected a constitutive SFFV promoter and NFκB binding sequence for bioluminescence and biosensor evaluation.An intravenous injection of AAV8 containing firefly luciferase and eGFP under transcriptional control of either element resulted in strong and persistent widespread luciferase expression. A single dose of LPS-induced a 10-fold increase in luciferase expression in AAV8-NFκB mice and immunohistochemistry revealed GFP expression in cells of astrocytic and neuronal morphology. Importantly, whole-body bioluminescence persisted up to 240 days.To further restrict biosensor activity to the CNS, we performed intracerebroventricular injection of each vector. We observed greater restriction of bioluminescence to the head and spine with both vectors. Immunohistochemistry revealed strongest expression in cells of neuronal morphology. LPS administration stimulated a 4-fold increase over baseline bioluminescence.We have validated a novel biosensor technology in an AAV system by using an NFκB response element and revealed its potential to monitor signalling pathway in a non-invasive manner using a model of LPS-induced inflammation. This technology employs the 3R’s of biomedical animal research, complements existing germline-transgenic models and may be applicable to other rodent disease models with the use of different response elements.

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Cytoplasmic Tubules in Cells Infected with Laryngotracheitis Virus

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100063792 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 27 ◽

pp. 376-377

Author(s):

A. M. Watrach

Keyword(s):

Tissue Culture ◽

Small Proportion ◽

Chicken Embryo ◽

Culture Cells ◽

Tissue Culture Cells ◽

Morphologic Characteristics ◽

Infectious Laryngotracheitis ◽

Laryngotracheitis Virus ◽

In Cells

During a study of the development of infectious laryngotracheitis (LT) virus in tissue culture cells, unusual tubular formations were found in the cytoplasm of a small proportion of the affected cells. It is the purpose of this report to describe the morphologic characteristics of the tubules and to discuss their possible association with the development of virus.The source and maintenance of the strain of LT virus have been described. Prior to this study, the virus was passed several times in chicken embryo kidney (CEK) tissue culture cells.

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Effect of Some Metabolic Inhibitors on Vinblastine-Induced Ribosomal-Granular Material Complexes

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100066796 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. 548-549

Author(s):

Awtar Krishan ◽

Dora Hsu

Keyword(s):

Granular Material ◽

Rna Synthesis ◽

Culture Medium ◽

Actinomycin D ◽

Metabolic Inhibitors ◽

Protein And Rna Synthesis ◽

Apparent Reduction ◽

Plant Alkaloids ◽

In Cells

Cells exposed to antitumor plant alkaloids, vinblastine and vincristine sulfate have large proteinacious crystals and complexes of ribosomes, helical polyribosomes and electron-dense granular material (ribosomal complexes) in their cytoplasm, Binding of H3-colchicine by the in vivo crystals shows that they contain microtubular proteins. Association of ribosomal complexes with the crystals suggests that these structures may be interrelated.In the present study cultured human leukemic lymphoblasts (CCRF-CEM), were incubated with protein and RNA-synthesis inhibitors, p. fluorophenylalanine, puromycin, cycloheximide or actinomycin-D before the addition of crystal-inducing doses of vinblastine to the culture medium. None of these compounds could completely prevent the formation of the ribosomal complexes or the crystals. However, in cells pre-incubated with puromycin, cycloheximide, or actinomycin-D, a reduction in the number and size of the ribosomal complexes was seen. Large helical polyribosomes were absent in the ribosomal complexes of cells treated with puromycin, while in cells exposed to cycloheximide, there was an apparent reduction in the number of ribosomes associated with the ribosomal complexes (Fig. 2).

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