Proposed Annual and Sunspot Cycle Variation of the Plasmasphere of the Earth

1971 ◽  
Vol 231 (18) ◽  
pp. 12-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. OKSMAN
Keyword(s):  
Sunspot Cycle ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Cycle Variation

Neubestimmung der natürlichen irdischen Tritiumzerfallsrate und die Frage der Herkunft des „natürlichen“ Tritium

1959 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 334-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Begemann
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
Decay Rate ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Cosmic Radiation ◽  
Sunspot Cycle ◽  
Energy Component ◽  
Tritium Content ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Snow Samples

The terrestrial decay rate of “natural” tritium has been re-determined from measurements of the tritium content of old snow samples from Greenland. The finding by CRAIG and BEGEMANN and LIBBY has been confirmed that the tritium decay rate is about 10 times higher than was anticipated previously.Two mechanisms to explain the discrepancy are discussed,a) production by the low energy component of the cosmic radiation andb) the accretion of solar tritium by the earth, as suggested by FELD and ARNOLD.It is shown that in case all the tritium is produced by cosmic radiation the tropospheric production rate may be expected to vary in antiphase with the sunspot cycle, whereas in case of accretion of solar tritium by the earth the variation should be in phase with the sunspot cycle. In both cases a phase shift between the stratospheric production rate and the amount of tropospheric tritium is to be expected because of the residence time of tritium in the stratosphere. A measurement of the phase shift should allow to determine this residence time.The data obtained on the Greenland samples appear to show such a variation of the production rate. The results can be explained best by assuming that all the tritium is produced by cosmic radiation. This result, however, is only preliminary. More systematic measurements are required to decide between the two possibilities.

scholarly journals Amplitude of Sunspot-Dependent Radiocarbon Variations: Data from Corals and Wine

Radiocarbon ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-115
Author(s):  
Mordeckai Magaritz ◽  
Israel Carmi ◽  
Ziv Sirkes
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Calculation ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Sunspot Cycle ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Earth Surface ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Surface System ◽  
Experimental Values

It has been suggested that the sunspot cycle modulates the production rate of radionuclides in the atmosphere and that these modulations can be traced in various parts of the earth surface system. On the basis of a theoretical analysis, Damon, Sternberg, and Radnell (1983) have concluded that the effects of the 11-yr cycle of sunspots should be observable in 14C data provided the measurements are done at a 2 permil (sd) level. This conclusion is based on calculations using models discussed by Lingenfelter and Ramaty (1970) and by O'Brien (1979) and on the 14C inventory modified from Damon, Lerman, and Long (1978). In this note we compare the amplitude estimate of Damon, Sternberg, and Radnell (1983), who calculated a representative peak-to-peak variation of 1.7‰ in 14C for the sunspot cycle between 1848 and 1856, with experimental values derived from recently published data. We find the experimental value to be larger by a significant factor from the theoretical calculation.

The investigation of the Universe by radio astronomy

1961 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-68
Keyword(s):  
Wavelength Range ◽  
Radio Astronomy ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Sunspot Cycle ◽  
Short Wave ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
Residual Noise ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Long Wave ◽  
The Universe

Although nearly all the major advances in radio astronomy have taken place during the last fifteen years the basic discoveries were made 30 years ago. At that time Jansky realized that the residual noise in his receiving equipment had a daily sidereal variation and must be the result of radio waves reaching the earth from outer space, and Appleton in the U. K. with Breit and Tuve in America through their studies of the ionosphere laid the foundation of the radio echo techniques of radio astronomy. The radio emission from outer space can be received on earth in the wavelength range from a few millimetres to 10 or 20 metres. The short wave end is limited by absorption in the atmosphere and the long wave end by the ionosphere, and this upper limit tends to vary in sympathy with ionospheric conditions throughout the sunspot cycle. These hindrances will soon be overcome when suitable equipment can be carried in earth satellites; then it should be possible to determine the true wavelength range of these extraterrestrial emissions.

Regular Motions in the Ionosphere: Electric and Magnetic Relationships

1961 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sydney Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Electric Current ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Geomagnetic Field ◽  
Sunspot Cycle ◽  
Ionospheric Currents ◽  
Electric Currents ◽  
Dynamo Action ◽  
Ionospheric Electron Density ◽  
The Earth

Regular worldwide motions in the ionosphere produce daily varying currents there by dynamo action in association with the geomagnetic field. The changing field of these currents induces electric currents within the earth. At the earth's surface, the combined magnetic field of these currents is measured. The parts of primary and secondary origin can be determined separately. The form and intensity of the ionospheric currents can be found. Their height is inferred from the study of the ionospheric electron density and conductivity; it can also be measured by rockets. The daily varying airflow in the layer bearing the electric current, at heights from about 90 to 125 km, can to some extent be inferred. The motion is due partly to the sun's thermal and tidal action and partly to the moon's tidal action. Many aspects of the magnetic variations and the inferred ionospheric motions are considered in some detail, especially their seasonal and sunspot-cycle changes and their variations from day to day.

scholarly journals Understanding Space Weather: The Sun as a Variable Star

2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (9) ◽  
pp. 1327-1335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Strong ◽  
Julia Saba ◽  
Therese Kucera
Keyword(s):  
Space Weather ◽  
Variable Star ◽  
Interplanetary Space ◽  
Sunspot Cycle ◽  
Core Competency ◽  
Total Solar Irradiance ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Internal Dynamics ◽  
American Meteorological Society ◽  
The Earth

The American Meteorological Society has recently adopted space weather as a new core competency. This is the first in a series of papers discussing the multidisciplinary aspects of space weather. This paper concerns the physics behind solar variability, the driver of space weather. We follow the tortuous journey of the energy from its production in the solar core until it escapes into interplanetary space, showing how the internal dynamics and structure of the Sun change its nature. We show how the production and dissipation of magnetic fields are a key clue to untangling the riddle of the sunspot cycle and how that, in turn, affects the amount of radiation that the Earth receives from the Sun—the total solar irradiance.

THE SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL RELATIONSHIP USING FRACTAL DIMENSION

2020 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
pp. 2050002
Author(s):  
DANISH HASSAN ◽  
MUHAMMAD FAHIM AKHTER ◽  
SHAHEEN ABBAS
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Hurst Exponent ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Sunspot Cycle ◽  
Series Data ◽  
K Index ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Magnetic Cycles ◽  
Earth’S Climate ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Sun is the main source of energy for the earth and other planets. Its activity in one or other way influences the terrestrial climate. Particularly, the solar activity manifested in the form of sunspots is found to be much more influential on the earth’s climate and on its magnetosphere. Links of the variability in terrestrial climate and sunspot cycles and associated magnetic cycles have been the concern of many recent studies. These two time series data sunspots and K-index are distributed into 22-year cycles, according to the magnetic field of the sun in which polarity reverses after 11-years. The fractal dimension of each sunspot cycle from 1 to 24 is calculated and found to be quasi-regular (persistent, [Formula: see text]). To understand the regular effects of the dynamics of sunspot cycles on the earth’s climate and magnetosphere, the sunspot cycles and K-index cycles (22 years each) from 1932 to 2014 are observed and discussed comparatively in the perspective of fractal dimension and Hurst exponent.

Prediction of future evolution of solar cycle 24 using machine learning techniques

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (S340) ◽  
pp. 317-318
Author(s):  
Sumesh Gopinath ◽  
P. R. Prince
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Solar Cycle ◽  
Sunspot Cycle ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Power Lines ◽  
Future Evolution ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Cycle 24 ◽  
Nonlinear Autoregressive

AbstractForecasting the solar activity is of great importance not only for its effect on the climate of the Earth but also on the telecommunications, power lines, space missions and satellite safety. In the present work, machine learning using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) called Nonlinear Autoregressive Network (NAR) with Exogenous Inputs (NARX) have been applied for the prediction of future evolution of the present sunspot cycle. NARX network is able to combine the performance of ANN algorithm with nonlinear autoregressive method to handle problems such as finding dependencies among solar indices and prediction of solar cycle evolution.

scholarly journals A 22-year cycle in the F layer ionization of the ionosphere

1997 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1015-1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Feichter ◽  
R. Leitinger
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Geomagnetic Activity ◽  
Annual Variation ◽  
Sunspot Cycle ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
High Solar Activity ◽  
Electron Content ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
Total Electron ◽  
Cycle Variation

Abstract. The double-sunspot-cycle variation in terrestrial magnetic activity has been well known for about 30 years. In 1990 we examined and compared the low-solar-activity (LSA) part of two consecutive cycles and predicted from this database and from published results the existence of a double-sunspot-cycle variation in total electron content (TEC) of the ionosphere too. This is restricted to noontime when the semi-annual component is well developed. Since 1995 we have had enough data for the statistical processing for high-solar-activity (HSA) conditions of two successive solar cycles. The results confirm the LSA findings. The annual variation of TEC shows a change from an autumn maximum in cycle 21 to a spring maximum during the next solar cycle. Similar to the aa indices for geomagnetic activity the TEC data show a phase change in the 1-year component of the Fourier transform of the annual variation. Additionally we found the same behaviour in the F-layer peak electron density (Nmax) over four solar cycles. This indicates that there exists a double-sunspot-cycle variation in the F-layer ionization over Europe too. It is very likely coupled with the 22-year cycle in geomagnetic activity.

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