scholarly journals Advances in biomineralization-inspired materials for hard tissue repair

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuxian Tang ◽  
Zhiyun Dong ◽  
Xiang Ke ◽  
Jun Luo ◽  
Jianshu Li
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Hierarchical Structures ◽  
Hard Tissue ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Artificial Materials ◽  
Mineral Phases ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Mineralized Tissues ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

AbstractBiomineralization is the process by which organisms form mineralized tissues with hierarchical structures and excellent properties, including the bones and teeth in vertebrates. The underlying mechanisms and pathways of biomineralization provide inspiration for designing and constructing materials to repair hard tissues. In particular, the formation processes of minerals can be partly replicated by utilizing bioinspired artificial materials to mimic the functions of biomolecules or stabilize intermediate mineral phases involved in biomineralization. Here, we review recent advances in biomineralization-inspired materials developed for hard tissue repair. Biomineralization-inspired materials are categorized into different types based on their specific applications, which include bone repair, dentin remineralization, and enamel remineralization. Finally, the advantages and limitations of these materials are summarized, and several perspectives on future directions are discussed.

scholarly journals Exosomes and Cancer Stem Cells in Cancer Immunity: Current Reports and Future Directions

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 441
Author(s):  
Na Kyeong Lee ◽  
Vinoth Kumar Kothandan ◽  
Sangeetha Kothandan ◽  
Youngro Byun ◽  
Seung Rim Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Therapy Resistance ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Immunomodulatory Effects ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Cancer Immunity ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Cancer stem cells (CSCs), which have the capacity to self-renew and differentiate into various types of cells, are notorious for their roles in tumor initiation, metastasis, and therapy resistance. Thus, underlying mechanisms for their survival provide key insights into developing effective therapeutic strategies. A more recent focus has been on exosomes that play a role in transmitting information between CSCs and non-CSCs, resulting in activating CSCs for cancer progression and modulating their surrounding microenvironment. The field of CSC-derived exosomes (CSCEXs) for different types of cancer is still under exploration. A deeper understanding and further investigation into CSCEXs’ roles in tumorigenicity and the identification of novel exosomal components are necessary for engineering exosomes for the treatment of cancer. Here, we review the features of CSCEXs, including surface markers, cargo, and biological or physiological functions. Further, reports on the immunomodulatory effects of CSCEXs are summarized, and exosome engineering for CSC-targeting is also discussed.

scholarly journals Role of interleukins in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Xin She ◽  
Qing Yang Yu ◽  
Xiao Xiao Tang
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Regulation Mechanisms ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Multiple Cells ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractInterleukins, a group of cytokines participating in inflammation and immune response, are proved to be involved in the formation and development of pulmonary fibrosis. In this article, we reviewed the relationship between interleukins and pulmonary fibrosis from the clinical, animal, as well as cellular levels, and discussed the underlying mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. Despite the effects of interleukin-targeted treatment on experimental pulmonary fibrosis, clinical applications are lacking and unsatisfactory. We conclude that intervening in one type of interleukins with similar functions in IPF may not be enough to stop the development of fibrosis as it involves a complex network of regulation mechanisms. Intervening interleukins combined with other existing therapy or targeting interleukins affecting multiple cells/with different functions at the same time may be one of the future directions. Furthermore, the intervention time is critical as some interleukins play different roles at different stages. Further elucidation on these aspects would provide new perspectives on both the pathogenesis mechanism, as well as the therapeutic strategy and drug development.

scholarly journals Antitumor Activity of Protons and Molecular Hydrogen: Underlying Mechanisms

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 893
Author(s):  
Luc Rochette ◽  
Marianne Zeller ◽  
Yves Cottin ◽  
Catherine Vergely
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Molecular Hydrogen ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Particle Therapy ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Small Molecular Weight ◽  
Proton Beam Radiotherapy ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Understanding the structure and dynamics of the various hydrogen forms has been a subject of numerous studies. Protons (H+) and molecular hydrogen (H2) in the cell are critical in a wide variety of processes. A new cancer treatment uses H2, a biologically inactive gas. Due to its small molecular weight, H2 can rapidly penetrate cell membranes and reach subcellular components to protect nuclear DNA and mitochondria. H2 reduces oxidative stress, exerts anti-inflammatory effects, and acts as a modulator of apoptosis. Exogenous H2, administered by inhalation, drinking H2-rich water, or injecting H2-rich saline solution, is a protective therapy that can be used in multiple diseases, including cancer. In particle therapy, cyclotrons and synchrotrons are the accelerators currently used to produce protons. Proton beam radiotherapy (PBT) offers great promise for the treatment of a wide variety of cancers due to the sharp decrease in the dose of radiation at a defined point. In these conditions, H2 and different types of H2 donors may represent a novel therapeutic strategy in cancer treatment.

From molecules to macrostructures: recent development of bioinspired hard tissue repair

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 1435-1449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunmei Ding ◽  
Zhuoxin Chen ◽  
Jianshu Li
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Hard Tissue

This review summarizes the bioinspired strategies for hard tissue repair, ranging from molecule-induced mineralization, to microscale assembly to macroscaffold fabrication.

scholarly journals Overview of organic memory devices

2009 ◽  
Vol 367 (1905) ◽  
pp. 4141-4157 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Prime ◽  
S. Paul
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Memory Devices ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Organic Memory ◽  
Industrial Implementation ◽  
Organic Memory Devices ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Charging Mechanism ◽  
Memory Structures

The demand for more efficient and faster memory structures is greater today than ever before. The efficiency of memory structures is measured in terms of storage capacity and the speed of functioning. However, the production cost of such configurations is the natural constraint on how much can be achieved. Organic memory devices (OMDs) provide an ideal solution, in being inexpensive, and at the same time promising high performance. However, all OMDs reported so far suffer from multiple drawbacks that render their industrial implementation premature. This article introduces the different types of OMDs, discusses the progress in this field over the last 9 years and invokes conundrums that scholars of this field are currently faced with, such as questions about the charging mechanism and stability of devices, contradictions in the published work and some future directions.

Soft and hard tissue repair

2008 ◽  
pp. 87-109
Author(s):  
Stephen Young ◽  
Melissa Calvin
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Hard Tissue

The role of the child psychiatric ward in health care: experiences with different types of admissions over a period of twenty-one years

1992 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Colin Gray ◽  
Douglas Chisholm ◽  
Patricia Smith ◽  
Madeline Brown ◽  
Christina McKay
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Psychiatric Ward ◽  
Psychiatric Unit ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Health Care Experiences ◽  
Child Psychiatric ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Assessment And Treatment

AbstractThe concept of the child psychiatric unit is considered. The character, capacities and activities of one unit are described and some features of the admissions over its first 21 years are discussed in relation to the findings of other studies. Among the factors considered are the patients' presenting diagnoses, their sex, their physical health and their length of stay in the Unit. Some possible future directions for the Unit are discussed, and the pattern of work over the two decades covered by the study is related to current and future requirements. It is suggested that for several categories of disorder, a child psychiatric unit offers unique advantages in both assessment and treatment.

Bridging employee curiosity and service creativity: a new lens

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuen-Hung Tsai ◽  
Li-li Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Service Firms ◽  
Frontline Employees ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Task Autonomy ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
And Task

PurposeThis study develops a framework to examine how, why and when different traits of employee curiosity affect service creativity by considering the roles of knowledge sharing and task autonomy.Design/methodology/approachTo reduce common method bias, this work separated the variables investigated into three parts, each of which was randomly used to collect data at three different periods. A total of 822 matched questionnaires obtained from frontline employees of service firms provided useable data for hypothesis tests. A moderated mediation approach was employed to analyse the data.FindingsResults are as follows: (1) Deprivation sensitivity, joyous exploration and social curiosity have positive effects on knowledge collecting (KC) and knowledge donating (KD). (2) KD mediates the relationships between the three curiosity traits and service creativity. (3) Task autonomy enhances and suppresses the mediating effects of KC and KD, respectively, on the curiosity–service creativity relationship.Research limitations/implicationsThis study has two main research implications: First, as different types (traits) of employee curiosity have different effects on service creativity, a single-dimensional view of employee curiosity may mask the differences of individual dimension and lead to a oversimplified conclusion. Second, lifting the vein from employee curiosity to service creativity has to consider the roles of knowledge sharing and task autonomy.Originality/valueThis research is the first to contribute to the service innovation literature by revealing the underlying mechanisms through which different types of employee curiosity affect service creativity and uncovering the moderating roles of task autonomy in the process mechanisms.

Hierarchies

2003 ◽  
pp. 91-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaheh Pourabbas ◽  
Maurizio Rafanelli
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Structures ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Points Of View

In this chapter we will focus on the rules of aggregation hierarchies in analysis dimensions of a cube. We give an overview of the related works on the basic concepts of the different types of aggregation hierarchies. We then discuss the hierarchies from two different points of view: mapping between domain values and hierarchical structures. In relation to them, we introduce the characterization of some OLAP operators on hierarchies and give a set of operators that concern the change in the hierarchy structure. Finally, we propose an enlargement of the operator set concerning hierarchies.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document