Metallothionein immunohistochemistry has high sensitivity and specificity for detection of Wilson disease

Background:Tuberculosis (TB), one of the leading causes of death worldwide, is difficult to diagnose based only on signs and symptoms. Methods for TB detection are continuously being researched to design novel effective clinical tools for the diagnosis of TB.Objective:This article reviews the methods to diagnose TB at the latent and active stages and to recognize prospective TB diagnostic methods based on nanomaterials.Methods:The current methods for TB diagnosis were reviewed by evaluating their advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, the trends in TB detection using nanomaterials were discussed regarding their performance capacity for clinical diagnostic applications.Results:Current methods such as microscopy, culture, and tuberculin skin test are still being employed to diagnose TB, however, a highly sensitive point of care tool without false results is still needed. The utilization of nanomaterials to detect the specific TB biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity can provide a possible strategy to rapidly diagnose TB. Although it is challenging for nanodiagnostic platforms to be assessed in clinical trials, active TB diagnosis using nanomaterials is highly expected to achieve clinical significance for regular application. In addition, aspects and future directions in developing the high-efficiency tools to diagnose active TB using advanced nanomaterials are expounded.Conclusion:This review suggests that nanomaterials have high potential as rapid, costeffective tools to enhance the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for the accurate diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of TB. Hence, portable nanobiosensors can be alternative effective tests to be exploited globally after clinical trial execution.

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Value of Coronary Calcium Scoring in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Coronary Artery Disease Patients

Current Medical Imaging Formerly Current Medical Imaging Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573405616666201023142030 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Author(s):

Hala T. Salem ◽

Eman A.S. Sabek

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Sensitivity And Specificity ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Coronary Calcium ◽

Risk Estimate ◽

Calcium Scoring ◽

Coronary Calcium Scoring ◽

Framingham Risk ◽

Artery Disease

Aim and Objective: To estimate the relationship between Coronary Calcium Scoring (CCS)and presence of different degrees of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) to avoid unnecessary examinations and hence unnecessary radiation exposure and contrast injection. Background: Coronary Calcium Scoring (CCS) is a test uses x-ray equipment to produce pictures of the coronary arteries to determine the degree of its narrowing by the build-up of calcified plaques. Despite the lack of definitive data linking ionizing radiation with cancer, the American Heart Association supports widely that practitioners of Computed tomography Coronary Angiography (CTCA) should keep “patient radiation doses as low as reasonably achievable but consistent with obtaining the desired medical information”. Methods: Data obtained from 275 CTCA examinations were reviewed. Radiation effective doses were estimated for both CCS and CTCA, measures to keep it as low as possible were presented, CCS and Framingham risk estimate were compared to the final results of CTCA to detect sensitivity and specificity of each one in detecting obstructive lesions. Results: CCS is a strong discriminator for obstructive CAD and can with high sensitivity and specificity and correlates well with the degree of obstruction even more than Framingham risk estimate which has high sensitivity and low specificity. Conclusion: CCS helps reducing the effective radiation dose if properly evaluated to skip unnecessary CTCA if obstructive lesions was unlikely, and as a test does not use contrast material, harmful effect on the kidney will be avoided as most of coronary atherosclerotic patients have renal problems.

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Blood-Based Detection of Colorectal Cancer Using Cancer-Specific DNA Methylation Markers

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics11010051 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 51

Author(s):

Nam-Yun Cho ◽

Ji-Won Park ◽

Xianyu Wen ◽

Yun-Joo Shin ◽

Jun-Kyu Kang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Dna Methylation ◽

Sensitivity And Specificity ◽

Stage Iv ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Liquid Biopsies ◽

Blood Leukocytes ◽

Marker Panel ◽

A Genome ◽

Methylight Assay

Cancer tissues have characteristic DNA methylation profiles compared with their corresponding normal tissues that can be utilized for cancer diagnosis with liquid biopsy. Using a genome-scale DNA methylation approach, we sought to identify a panel of DNA methylation markers specific for cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). By comparing DNA methylomes between CRC and normal mucosal tissues or blood leukocytes, we identified eight cancer-specific methylated loci (ADGRB1, ANKRD13, FAM123A, GLI3, PCDHG, PPP1R16B, SLIT3, and TMEM90B) and developed a five-marker panel (FAM123A, GLI3, PPP1R16B, SLIT3, and TMEM90B) that detected CRC in liquid biopsies with a high sensitivity and specificity with a droplet digital MethyLight assay. In a set of cfDNA samples from CRC patients (n = 117) and healthy volunteers (n = 60), a panel of five markers on the platform of the droplet digital MethyLight assay detected stages I–III and stage IV CRCs with sensitivities of 45.9% and 95.7%, respectively, and a specificity of 95.0%. The number of detected markers was correlated with the cancer stage, perineural invasion, lymphatic emboli, and venous invasion. Our five-marker panel with the droplet digital MethyLight assay showed a high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of CRC with cfDNA samples from patients with metastatic CRC.

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Ultrarapid On-Site Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Using Simple ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy and an Analysis Algorithm: High Sensitivity and Specificity

Analytical Chemistry ◽

10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04608 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 93 (5) ◽

pp. 2950-2958

Author(s):

Valério G. Barauna ◽

Maneesh N. Singh ◽

Leonardo Leal Barbosa ◽

Wena Dantas Marcarini ◽

Paula Frizera Vassallo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ftir Spectroscopy ◽

Sensitivity And Specificity ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Analysis Algorithm

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A PCR assay with high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of swine toxoplasmosis based on the GRA14 gene

Veterinary Parasitology ◽

10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109566 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 109566

Author(s):

Xi He ◽

Derong Zhou ◽

Yanwu Sun ◽

Yuan Zhang ◽

Xiaogang Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sensitivity And Specificity ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Pcr Assay

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High sensitivity and specificity of the light-adapted ERG for neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs)

European Journal of Paediatric Neurology ◽

10.1016/j.ejpn.2017.04.1046 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

pp. e138

Author(s):

W. Morris ◽

A. Brunklaus ◽

I.A. Horrocks ◽

S. Macleod ◽

M.E. O'Regan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sensitivity And Specificity ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses

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Hybrid [18F]FDG PET/MR Has High Sensitivity and Specificity in the Detection of Recurrent Differentiated Thyroid Cancer

Clinical Thyroidology ◽

10.1089/ct.2021;33.447-451 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 33 (10) ◽

pp. 447-451

Author(s):

Gunnar Moen ◽

Martin Biermann

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Sensitivity And Specificity ◽

Fdg Pet ◽

Differentiated Thyroid Cancer ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

18F Fdg

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Safety assessment and diagnostic evaluation of patients undergoing contrast-enhanced urosonography in the setting of vesicoureteral reflux confirmation

Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation ◽

10.3233/ch-219110 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Constantin A. Marschner ◽

Vincent Schwarze ◽

Regina Stredele ◽

Matthias F. Froelich ◽

Johannes Rübenthaler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Vesicoureteral Reflux ◽

Sensitivity And Specificity ◽

Diagnostic Tool ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Upper Urinary Tract ◽

Clinical Diagnostics ◽

Voiding Cystourethrography

BACKGROUND: Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) represents a common pediatric anomaly in children with an upper urinary tract infection (UTI) and is defined as a retrograde flow of urine from the bladder into the upper urinary tract. There are many diagnostic options available, including voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) and contrasted-enhanced urosonography (ceVUS). ceVUS combines a diagnostic tool with a high sensitivity and specificity which, according to previous study results, was even shown to be superior to VCUG. Nevertheless, despite the recommendation of the EFSUMB, the ceVUS has not found a widespread use in clinical diagnostics in Europe yet. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 2016 and 2020, 49 patients with a marked female dominance (n = 37) were included. The youngest patient had an age of 5 months, the oldest patient 60 years. The contrast agent used in ceVUS was SonoVue®, a second-generation blood-pool agent. All examinations were performed and interpreted by a single experienced radiologist (EFSUMB Level 3). RESULTS: The 49 patients included in the study showed no adverse effects. 51%of patients (n = 26) were referred with the initial diagnosis of suspected VUR, while 49%of patients (n = 23) came for follow-up examination or to rule out recurrence of VUR. The vast majority had at least one febrile urinary tract infection in their recent medical history (n = 45; 91,8%). CONCLUSION: ceVUS is an examination method with a low risk profile which represents with its high sensitivity and specificity an excellent diagnostic tool in the evaluation of vesicoureteral reflux, especially in consideration of a generally very young patient cohort.

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Usefulness of some current balance tests for identifying individuals with disequilibrium due to vestibular impairments

Journal of Vestibular Research ◽

10.3233/ves-2008-185-606 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 18 (5-6) ◽

pp. 295-303

Author(s):

Helen S. Cohen ◽

Kay T. Kimball

Keyword(s):

Sensitivity And Specificity ◽

Care Center ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Functional Mobility ◽

Vestibular Disorders ◽

Timed Up And Go ◽

Balance Tests ◽

Walking Balance

The goal of this study was to determine which of several clinical balance tests best identifies patients with vestibular disorders. We compared the scores of normals and patients on the Berg Balance Scale (Berg), Dynamic Gait Index (DGI), Timed Up and Go (TUG), Computerized Dynamic Posturography Sensory Organization Test (SOT), and a new obstacle avoidance test: the Functional Mobility Test (FMT). The study was performed in an out-patient balance laboratory at a tertiary care center. Subjects were 40 normal adults, and 40 adults with vestibular impairments. The main outcome measures were the sensitivity of tests to patients and specificity to normals. When adjusted for age the Berg, TUG, DGI and FMT had moderate sensitivity and specificity. SOT had moderately high sensitivity and specificity. SOT and FMT, combined, had high sensitivity and moderate specificity. Therefore, the kinds of tests of standing and walking balance that clinicians may use to screen patients for falling are not as good for screening for vestibular disorders as SOT. SOT combined with FMT is better. When screening patients for vestibular disorders, when objective diagnostic tests of the vestibular system, itself, are unavailable, tests of both standing and walking balance, together, give the most information about community-dwelling patients. These tests may also indicate the presence of sub-clinical balance problems in community-dwelling, asymptomatic adults.

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