scholarly journals Erythrocyte ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are inversely associated with the risk of oral cancer: a case-control study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Chen ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Jing Lin ◽  
Lin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Cubic Spline ◽  
Potential Interaction ◽  
Oral Cancer Patients ◽  
Oral Cancer Risk ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Objectives Evidence about ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) and oral cancer risk were limited. We aimed to evaluate the association of erythrocyte ω-3 PUFAs with the risk of oral cancer in a population from China. Methods Erythrocyte ω-3 PUFAs of 236 oral cancer patients and 300 controls were determined by gas chromatography. Restricted cubic spline and logistic regression were used to analyze the association between erythrocyte ω-3 PUFAs and oral cancer risk. The crude and adjusted OR with 95% CI was calculated. Stratification analysis was performed to explore the potential interaction between ω-3 PUFAs and other traditional risk factors such as smoking and drinking. Results Eicosapentaenoic acids (EPA), docosahexaenoic acids (DHA) and ω-3 index were negatively but non-linearly related to risk of oral cancer as observed by restricted cubic spline. The adjusted OR of EPA, DHA, and ω-3 index were 0.52 (95% CI: 0.35–0.76), 0.19 (95% CI: 0.08–0.44), 0.20 (95% CI: 0.09–0.44), respectively. Stratification analysis showed that the adverse correlation between EPA and oral cancer was only significant in the non-smoking group, while the adverse correlation of ɑ-linolenic acid (ALA), EPA, and DHA were only significant in the non-drinking group. General multiplicative interactions were observed between ω-3 PUFAs and smoking or drinking. Conclusions Adverse but non-linear associations were observed between erythrocyte EPA, DHA, ω-3 index, and oral cancer risk. Additionally, there were multiplicative interactions between ω-3 PUFAs and other behavior factors such as smoking and drinking. The protective effect of ω-3 PUFAs maybe more significant in the non-smoking or non-drinking population.

A Case–control Study for the Assessment of Correlation of Denture-related Sores and Oral Cancer Risk

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 930-933
Author(s):  
Javed Khan ◽  
B Vikas Prasad ◽  
Gauri S Kakatkar ◽  
Meetu Jain ◽  
Maulik Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Oral Health Status ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Cancer Risk ◽  
Control Study

ABSTRACT Introduction Oral cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. Although multifactorial, the exact pathogenesis of oral cancer is still unclear. Apart from tobacco chewing and smoking, chronic long-term irritation by ill-fitting denture is also said to be an important risk factor for the development of oral cancer. Literature quotes some amount of evidence that correlates long-term denture irritation as a risk factor for the development of oral cancer. Hence, we analyzed the correlation of denturerelated sores as a risk factor for the development of oral cancer. Materials and methods The present case–control study included 140 newly diagnosed oral cancer cases and 140 patients as the control healthy group. One-hour questionnaire was framed and was conducted to the control group and the study group by 10 experienced interviewers who were trained for such type of analysis. Assessment of the patients’ socioeconomic status, cigarette smoking habit, alcohol drinking habit, and oral health status was done and compared on the two study groups. Logistic regression models along with multivariate models were used for the assessment of the results. Results In the control group and the cancer patient group, total of 140 new cancer cases and 140 subjects were included. Out of 140 patients in the cancer group, 16 were nonsmokers, while 110 smoked cigarette in the cancer patient group. As far as alcohol consumption is concerned, 42 patients in the control group and 102 patients in the oral cancer group were chronic heavy drinkers. Fried food intake was high in both the groups. Significant correlation was obtained while comparing the heavy smokers, heavy alcohol consumers, and oral health status in both the study groups. Conclusion Our results favor the hypothesis that positive correlation exists between oral cancer risk and recurrent denture sores. Clinical significance People wearing denture prosthesis should be periodically visualized for identification of any mucosal alteration or changes at the earliest. How to cite this article Jain P, Jain M, Prasad BV, Kakatkar GS, Patel M, Khan J. A Case–control Study for the Assessment of Correlation of Denture-related Sores and Oral Cancer Risk. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(11):930-933.

scholarly journals Green Salad Intake Is Associated with Improved Oral Cancer Survival and Lower Soluble CD44 Levels

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 372
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Bradford Bell ◽  
Isildinha M. Reis ◽  
Erin R. Cohen ◽  
Turki Almuhaimid ◽  
Drew H. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Cancer Survival ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Soluble Cd44 ◽  
Oral Cancer Patients ◽  
Oral Cancer Risk

Deficiencies in fruit and vegetable intake have been associated with oral cancer (oral cavity and oropharyngeal). Salivary rinses contain measurable biomarkers including soluble CD44 (solCD44) and total protein, which are known markers of oral cancer risk. This study investigates the effect of nutritional factors on solCD44 and protein levels to evaluate oral cancer risk and survival. We evaluated solCD44 and protein levels from 150 patients with oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and 150 frequency-matched controls. We subsequently characterized the effect of food group consumption and these biomarkers on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Patients reported eating fewer servings of salad (p = 0.015), while controls reported eating fewer servings of potatoes (p < 0.001). Oral cancer patients who consumed at least one serving per week of green salad were found to have significantly lower CD44 levels than those who ate salad less frequently (mean of log2[solCD44]1.73 versus 2.25, p = 0.014). Patients who consumed at least one serving per week of “salad or other vegetables” had significantly longer PFS (median 43.5 versus 9.1 months, p = 0.003, adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 0.39 p = 0.014) and OS (median 83.6 versus 10 months, p = 0.008, adjusted HR = 0.04 p = 0.029). These findings suggest that dietary factors, namely greater green salad and vegetable intake, may be associated with lower CD44 levels and better prognosis in oral cancer patients.

scholarly journals Risk-Based Selection of Individuals for Oral Cancer Screening

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 663-674
Author(s):  
Li C. Cheung ◽  
Kunnambath Ramadas ◽  
Richard Muwonge ◽  
Hormuzd A. Katki ◽  
Gigi Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Risk Prediction ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Mortality Reduction ◽  
Oral Cancer Screening ◽  
Oral Cancer Risk ◽  
Alcohol Users

PURPOSE: We evaluated proof of principle for resource-efficient, risk-based screening through reanalysis of the Kerala Oral Cancer Screening Trial. METHODS: The cluster-randomized trial included three triennial rounds of visual inspection (seven clusters, n = 96,516) versus standard of care (six clusters, n = 95,354) and up to 9 years of follow-up. We developed a Cox regression–based risk prediction model for oral cancer incidence. Using this risk prediction model to adjust for the oral cancer risk imbalance between arms, through intention-to-treat (ITT) analyses that accounted for cluster randomization, we calculated the relative (hazard ratios [HRs]) and absolute (rate differences [RDs]) screening efficacy on oral cancer mortality and compared screening efficiency across risk thresholds. RESULTS: Oral cancer mortality was reduced by 27% in the screening versus control arms (HR = 0.73; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.98), including a 29% reduction in ever-tobacco and/or ever-alcohol users (HR = 0.71; 95% CI, 0.51 to 0.99). This relative efficacy was similar across oral cancer risk quartiles ( P interaction = .59); consequently, the absolute efficacy increased with increasing model-predicted risk—overall trial: RD in the lowest risk quartile (Q1) = 0.5/100,000 versus 13.4/100,000 in the highest quartile (Q4), P trend = .059 and ever-tobacco and/or ever-alcohol users: Q1 RD = 1.0/100,000 versus Q4 = 22.5/100,000; P trend = .026. In a population akin to the Kerala trial, screening of 100% of individuals would provide 27.1% oral cancer mortality reduction at number needed to screen (NNS) = 2,043. Restriction of screening to ever-tobacco and/or ever-alcohol users with no additional risk stratification would substantially enhance efficiency (43.4% screened for 23.3% oral cancer mortality reduction at NNS = 1,029), whereas risk prediction model–based screening of 50% of ever-tobacco and/or ever-alcohol users at highest risk would further enhance efficiency with little loss in program sensitivity (21.7% screened for 19.7% oral cancer mortality reduction at NNS = 610). CONCLUSION: In the Kerala trial, the efficacy of oral cancer screening was greatest in individuals at highest oral cancer risk. These results provide proof of principle that risk-based oral cancer screening could substantially enhance the efficiency of screening programs.

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