Cadmium isotope fractionation reveals genetic variation in Cd uptake and translocation by Theobroma cacao and role of natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 5 and heavy metal ATPase-family transporters

Environmental context Soils contaminated with metals can pose both environmental and human health risks. This study showed that a common crop vegetable grown in the presence of cadmium and zinc readily accumulated these metals, and thus could be a source of toxicity when eaten. The work highlights potential health risks from consuming crops grown on contaminated soils. Abstract Ingestion of plants grown in heavy metal contaminated soils can cause toxicity because of metal accumulation. We compared Cd and Zn levels in Brassica rapa, a widely grown crop vegetable, with that of the hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum L. Solanum nigrum contained 4 times more Zn and 12 times more Cd than B. rapa, relative to dry mass. In S. nigrum Cd and Zn preferentially accumulated in the roots whereas in B. rapa Cd and Zn were concentrated more in the shoots than in the roots. The different distribution of Cd and Zn in B. rapa and S. nigrum suggests the presence of distinct metal uptake mechanisms. We correlated plant metal content with the expression of a conserved putative natural resistance-associated macrophage protein (NRAMP) metal transporter in both plants. Treatment of both plants with either Cd or Zn increased expression of the NRAMP, with expression levels being higher in the roots than in the shoots. These findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of heavy metal processing by S. nigrum L. and the crop vegetable B. rapa that could assist in application of these plants for phytoremediation. These investigations also highlight potential health risks associated with the consumption of crops grown on contaminated soils.

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The Role of Phytochelatin Synthase in Phytoremediation Agent: Structural Conservation of Phytochelatin (PC) Synthase to Maintain Its Activity as Heavy Metal Detoxification in Plant

Bioinformatics and Biomedical Research Journal ◽

10.11594/bbrj.03.02.02 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 9-14

Author(s):

Viky Vidayanti ◽

Galuh Wening Permatasari

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Genetic Variation ◽

Protein Sequences ◽

Acid Modification ◽

Structure Comparison ◽

Metal Detoxification ◽

Heavy Metal Detoxification ◽

Amino Acid Modification ◽

Protein Models

Phytochelatin (PC) Enzyme has crucial role in heavy metal detoxification and homeostasis in plants. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic variation of PC synthase related to its activity based on structural comparison. We evaluated PC genes and protein sequences from 6 plants namely, Brassicasp., Amaranthussp., Noccaeasp., Arabidopsissp., Nicotianasp., and Pterissp. All sequences were aligned based on CLUSTALW matrix for DN sequences and MUSCLE algorithm for protein sequences. Data were clustered using MEGA Software for similarity clustering. Selected data were further modeled using SWISSMODEL to evaluate the 3D-structural analysis based on homology modeling. Thus, all protein models were superimposed and evaluated the structure comparison based on RMSD data. The result showed that genetic variation of PC gene is high among species. But it is clustered for the same species has similar sequence. In addition, protein sequences also showed the high diversity among species and it is still clustered basedon their genus. RMSD data showed that PC synthase from 6 plant has similar structure and tend to conserved even there is genetic variation or amino acid modification. We concluded that structural of PC gene is more conserved than its sequences. It is important to keep its function among species.

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Use of Comparative Transcriptomics Combined With Physiological Analyses to Identify Key Factors Underlying Cadmium Accumulation in Brassica juncea L.

Frontiers in Genetics ◽

10.3389/fgene.2021.655885 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Dawei Zhang ◽

Yunyan Du ◽

Dan He ◽

Dinggang Zhou ◽

Jinfeng Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Brassica Juncea ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Cadmium Accumulation ◽

Natural Resistance ◽

Key Factors ◽

Cd Accumulation ◽

Contamination Of Soils ◽

Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis ◽

Heavy Metal Atpase

The contamination of soils with cadmium (Cd) has become a serious environmental issue that needs to be addressed. Elucidating the mechanisms underlying Cd accumulation may facilitate the development of plants that accumulate both high and low amounts of Cd. In this study, a combination of phenotypic, physiological, and comparative transcriptomic analyses was performed to investigate the effects of different Cd concentrations (0, 5, 10, 30, 50 mg/kg) on Brassica juncea L. Our results suggest that B. juncea L. seedlings had a degree of tolerance to the 5 mg/kg Cd treatment, whereas higher Cd stress (10–50 mg/kg) could suppress the growth of B. juncea L. seedlings. The contents of soluble protein, as well as MDA (malondialdehyde), were increased, but the activities of CAT (catalase) enzymes and the contents of soluble sugar and chlorophyll were decreased, when B. juncea L. was under 30 and 50 mg/kg Cd treatment. Comparative transcriptomic analysis indicated that XTH18 (xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase enzymes), XTH22, and XTH23 were down-regulated, but PME17 (pectin methylesterases) and PME14 were up-regulated, which might contribute to cell wall integrity maintenance. Moreover, the down-regulation of HMA3 (heavy metal ATPase 3) and up-regulation of Nramp3 (natural resistance associated macrophage proteins 3), HMA2 (heavy metal ATPase 2), and Nramp1 (natural resistance associated macrophage proteins 1) might also play roles in reducing Cd toxicity in roots. Taken together, the results of our study may help to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the response of B. juncea L. to various concentrations of Cd.

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Role of SLC11A1 gene in disease resistance

Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry ◽

10.2298/bah1201099t ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 99-106 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

N. Thomas ◽

S. Joseph

Keyword(s):

Disease Resistance ◽

Genetic Resistance ◽

Integral Membrane Protein ◽

Natural Resistance ◽

Human Beings ◽

Economic Traits ◽

Slc11a1 Gene ◽

Breeding Programmes ◽

Macrophage Protein

Genetic improvement in livestock was achieved earlier by selective breeding of individuals with superior phenotypes. Now due to the advances in molecular genetics and biotechnology candidate genes of economic traits can be included in selection for breeding programmes. Genes responsible for the resistance/susceptibility to infections with various pathogens (Major Histo Compatibility (MHC) genes, Solute Carrier family11 member A1 (SLC11A1) gene, Toll Like Receptor (TLR) genes etc.), have been recently identified and characterized in human beings as well as in many animals. Among these the role of SLC11A1 gene is very important due to its association with resistance/ susceptibility to various intracellular pathogens in human as well as in livestock species. The SLC11A1 gene, formerly known as natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (NRAMP1) encodes an integral membrane protein regulating the activity of macrophages. Genetic resistance/ susceptibility to diseases due to candidate gene polymorphisms could be used in selection and breeding for disease resistance in animals.

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ROLE OF EDTA ON HYPER ACCUMULATION OF Cd WITH DIFFERENT SOLUBILITY BY OCIMUM BASILICUM (L.)

PLANT ARCHIVES ◽

10.51470/plantarchives.2021.v21.no1.083 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (no 1) ◽

Author(s):

Shimaa A. Ismaiel

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Enrichment Factor ◽

Translocation Factor ◽

Ocimum Basilicum ◽

Pot Experiment ◽

High Solubility ◽

Cd Uptake ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Low Solubility

This study can professionally discuss the ability of Ocimum basilicum to the accumulation of one heavy metal like Cd but has a different solubility. Phytoremediation is required along with modifying chelates to enhance the elimination capacity of the metal. The study was conducted to determine the effect of amendment materials like EDTA on Cd uptake from the soil and translocation to roots and shoots of O. basilicum. Pot experiment in randomized design was applied 5 and 10 mg/kg soil in two forms, CdCl2 and CdCO3, and the effect of EDTA. The results revealed that the concentration of Cd in O. basilicum was higher in case of Cd with high solubility (CdCl2) and EDTA significantly increase the ability of the plant to accumulation of various Cd forms especially with low solubility (CdCO3). The calculating translocation factor and enrichment factor were more than 1 indicating O. basilicumis hyperaccumulator and good enough for phyto extraction of Cd.

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Role of Nramp1 Deletion inChlamydia Infection in Mice

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.68.8.4831-4833.2000 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 68 (8) ◽

pp. 4831-4833 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Sukumar Pal ◽

Ellena M. Peterson ◽

Luis M. de la Maza

Keyword(s):

Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽

Chlamydial Infection ◽

Chlamydia Pneumoniae ◽

Natural Resistance ◽

Wild Type ◽

Intranasal Infection ◽

Macrophage Protein

ABSTRACT Elicited macrophages from 129sv mice with a functional deletion of the natural-resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 gene (Nramp1) were shown to be as susceptible as wild-type mice to infection with the Chlamydia trachomatis mouse pneumonitis and L3 serovars and to Chlamydia pneumoniae. Furthermore, the two groups of mice were shown to be similarly susceptible to an intranasal infection with these microorganisms. In conclusion, the Nramp1 gene does not appear to play a major role in the regulation of the susceptibility of mice to a chlamydial infection.

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Human genes in TB infection: their role in immune response

Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease ◽

10.4081/monaldi.2008.408 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 69 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

D. Lykouras ◽

F. Sampsonas ◽

A. Kaparianos ◽

K. Karkoulias ◽

G. Tsoukalas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Natural Resistance ◽

Cell Mediated Immunity ◽

Th1 Cell ◽

Human Genes ◽

Solute Carrier ◽

Macrophage Protein ◽

Ongoing Concern

Tuberculosis (TB) caused by the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality caused by infectious agents worldwide. Recently, there has been an ongoing concern about the clarification of the role of specific human genes and their polymorphisms involved in TB infection. In the vast majority of individuals, innate immune pathways and Thelper 1 (Th1) cell mediated immunity are activated resulting in the lysis of the bacterium. Firstly, PTPN22 R620W polymorphism is involved in the response to cases of infection. The Arg753Gln polymorphism in TLR-2 leads to a weaker response against the M. tuberculosis. The gene of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) has a few polymorphisms (BsmI, ApaI, Taq1, FokI) whose mixed genotypes alter the immune response. Solute carrier family 11 member (SLC11A1) is a proton/divalent cation antiporter that is more familiar by its former name NRAMP1 (natural resistance associated macrophage protein 1) and can affect M. tuberculosis growth. Polymorphisms of cytokines such as IL-10, IL-6, IFN-g, TNF-a, TGF-b1 can affect the immune response in various ways. Finally, a major role is played by M. tuberculosis antigens and the Ras-associated small GTP-ase 33A. As far as we know this is the first review that collates all these polymorphisms in order to give a comprehensive image of the field, which is currently evolving.

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Genetic background of cholesterol absorption efficacy. The role of Niemann–Pick C1-like 1 receptor and its genetic variation in lipid metabolism

Orvosi Hetilap ◽

10.1556/oh.2010.28933 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 151 (34) ◽

pp. 1376-1383 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mariann Harangi ◽

István Balogh ◽

János Harangi ◽

György Paragh

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Genetic Background ◽

Cholesterol Absorption ◽

Niemann Pick

A Niemann–Pick C1-like-1 egy szterolfelismerő domént tartalmazó membránfehérje, amelyet nagy számban expresszálnak csúcsi felszínükön a bélhámsejtek. Az utóbbi évek vizsgálatai azt igazolták, hogy ez a fehérje szükséges a szabad koleszterin bejutásához a bélhámsejtekbe a bél lumenéből. Biokémiai vizsgálatok azt igazolták, hogy a Niemann–Pick C1-like-1-hez kötődik az ezetimib, amely egy hatékony koleszterinfelszívódást gátló szer. A bélből történő koleszterinfelszívódás ütemében és az ezetimibkezelés hatékonyságában tapasztalt egyéni eltérések hátterében felmerült néhány Niemann–Pick C1-like-1 génvariáció oki szerepe.

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