Trans and gender diverse people’s experiences and evaluations with general and trans-specific healthcare services: a cross-sectional survey

Accessibility to health service and experience of healthcare are important factors for public health policymaking. The current study aimed to describe the status of accessibility and barriers to getting care as well as policy literacy among Myanmar migrant workers and ultimately to identify the predictors of accessibility to healthcare services among this population through Thailand’s Compulsory Migrant Health Insurance (CMHI). A cross-sectional survey was used to collect data from 240 Myanmar migrant workers who were 18 years or older, resided in Songkhla Province, and had Compulsory Migrant Health Insurance. The instrument was a set of questionnaires consisting of a Personal Data Form, Policy Literacy Questionnaire, Barriers to Get Care Questionnaire, and Accessibility to Healthcare Services Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze data. The majority of participants had a high level of policy literacy (36.3%), barriers to get care (34.2%), and accessibility to health care services (35.8%). Policy literacy (β = 0.35, p < 0.001 ), barriers to get care (β = −0.32, p < 0.001 ), and gender ( p < 0.001 ) were significant predictors of accessibility to healthcare services and could explain 43.2% of the total variance. To increase the accessibility to healthcare services among migrant workers with Compulsory Migrant Health Insurance, public health policymakers are recommended to cooperate more with healthcare staff and the workers’ employers to enhance the distribution of information about the health insurance to decrease barriers to get care.

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Examining Australian’s beliefs, misconceptions and sources of information for COVID-19: a national online survey

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043421 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. e043421

Author(s):

Rae Thomas ◽

Hannah Greenwood ◽

Zoe A Michaleff ◽

Eman Abukmail ◽

Tammy C Hoffmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Online Survey ◽

Health Behaviours ◽

National Sample ◽

Sources Of Information ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Commercial Television ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

And Gender ◽

Public Health Strategies

ObjectivePublic cooperation to practise preventive health behaviours is essential to manage the transmission of infectious diseases such as COVID-19. We aimed to investigate beliefs about COVID-19 diagnosis, transmission and prevention that have the potential to impact the uptake of recommended public health strategies.DesignAn online cross-sectional survey.ParticipantsA national sample of 1500 Australian adults with representative quotas for age and gender provided by an online panel provider.Main outcome measureProportion of participants with correct/incorrect knowledge of COVID-19 preventive behaviours and reasons for misconceptions.ResultsOf the 1802 potential participants contacted, 289 did not qualify, 13 declined and 1500 participated in the survey (response rate 83%). Most participants correctly identified ‘washing your hands regularly with soap and water’ (92%) and ‘staying at least 1.5 m away from others’ (90%) could help prevent COVID-19. Over 40% (incorrectly) considered wearing gloves outside of the home would prevent them from contracting COVID-19. Views about face masks were divided. Only 66% of participants correctly identified that ‘regular use of antibiotics’ would not prevent COVID-19.Most participants (90%) identified ‘fever, fatigue and cough’ as indicators of COVID-19. However, 42% of participants thought that being unable to ‘hold your breath for 10 s without coughing’ was an indicator of having the virus. The most frequently reported sources of COVID-19 information were commercial television channels (56%), the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (43%) and the Australian Government COVID-19 information app (31%).ConclusionsPublic messaging about hand hygiene and physical distancing to prevent transmission appears to have been effective. However, there are clear, identified barriers for many individuals that have the potential to impede uptake or maintenance of these behaviours in the long term. We need to develop public health messages that harness these barriers to improve future cooperation. Ensuring adherence to these interventions is critical.

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Obesity in Saudi Arabia in 2020: Prevalence, Distribution, and Its Current Association with Various Health Conditions

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare9030311 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 311

Author(s):

Nora A. Althumiri ◽

Mada H. Basyouni ◽

Norah AlMousa ◽

Mohammed F. AlJuwaysim ◽

Rasha A. Almubark ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

National Level ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Health Conditions ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Prevalence Of Obesity ◽

And Gender ◽

Colon Diseases

The global prevalence of obesity is increasing. Obesity is associated with many chronic diseases and health conditions. This study aims to estimate the current prevalence of obesity in Saudi Arabia and described the current national-level status of the association between obesity and various health conditions. This study is a nationwide cross-sectional survey conducted over phone-interviews in June 2020. In this study, a proportional quota-sampling technique was used to obtain equal distributions of participants, stratified by age and gender, across the 13 regions of Saudi Arabia. Weight and height were self-reported, and the obesity was determined as BMI ≥ 30. Logistic regression adjusted for age and gender was used for exploring current associations between obesity and health conditions. Of the 6239 participants contacted, 4709 participants responded and completed the interview with a response rate of 75.48%. Of them, 50.1% were female, the mean age was 36.4 ± 13.5 (Range: 18–90), and the median age was 36. The national weighted prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥ 30) was 24.7%, and the prevalence in the sample (unweighted) was 21.7%. Obesity was significantly associated with type 2 diabetes [Odd ratio, (OR) = 1.52], hypercholesterolemia (OR = 1.69), hypertension (OR = 1.61), lung diseases (OR = 1.69), rheumatoid arthritis (OR = 1.57), sleep apnea (OR = 1.82), colon diseases (OR = 1.31), and thyroid disorders (OR = 1.8). This study provides an update on the recent prevalence of obesity in Saudi Arabia. It also shows the variation in prevalence rates between different regions, which might be explored further. Although obesity shows a decreasing trend, almost one-quarter of this study sample were obese. Obesity is currently associated with many health conditions that can affect the individuals’ quality of life, impose stress on the healthcare system and impose an economic burden on the country. This evidence highlights the need for action to focus more on obesity in Saudi Arabia.

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The Risk of Catastrophic Health Expenditures Due to Direct Non-Medical Costs in Patients: A Study of the Outpatients in Qazvin, Iran

International Journal of Health and Life Sciences ◽

10.5812/ijhls.106944 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Saeed Asefzadeh ◽

Bahman Ahadi Nezhad ◽

Saeed Norouzi

Keyword(s):

Health Expenditures ◽

Medical Costs ◽

Healthcare Services ◽

Disease Diagnosis ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Diagnostic Laboratory ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Out Of Pocket Payments ◽

Catastrophic Health Expenditures ◽

Catastrophic Expenditures

Background: Out-of-pocket payment encompasses the costs that patients pay for healthcare services, which is an inefficient approach to healthcare financing as it may lead to poverty. Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the risk of catastrophic health expenditures due to non-medical costs in the outpatients in Qazvin, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted on 341 outpatients referring to the internists of Velayat Hospital and Bu-Ali Sina Hospital in Qazvin. The required data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire and the prescriptions of the patients. Out-of-pocket payments were defined as the direct medical and non-medical costs within one month. Results: The mean out-of-pocket payments of the patients in one month was 49.97 dollars, 75.8% of which covered direct medical cost (disease diagnosis and treatment), and 24.2% covered direct non-medical costs to receive health services. The highest out-of-pocket payments were for diagnostic/laboratory tests (50.3%), medications (21.5%), and transportation (18.2%). In addition, the exposure rate to catastrophic expenditures was estimated at 31%, and the patients with lower income had less exposure compared to those without incomes. Conclusions: According to the results, direct non-medical costs were associated with the increased out-of-pocket payments of the patients, which in turn led to the higher rates of catastrophic expenditures.

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Strategies for Re-opening Physiotherapy OPDs Post COVID-19 Lockdown – A Cross-sectional Study

10.20944/preprints202106.0111.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Amarjot Singh Gill ◽

Nistara Singh Chawla ◽

Sandeep Singh Saini

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Health Care Professionals ◽

Healthcare Services ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Practice Pattern ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Exclusion Criteria ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: The practices of various health-care professionals have been improvised to accommodate the on-going covid-19 pandemic situation. Different guidelines have been set in place to ease the process of re-opening of non-elective healthcare services like out-patient physiotherapy clinics. Although the measures taken should be guided by evidence based information, major consensus amongst practicing therapists needs to guide the India physiotherapy clinics. Objective: To identify and present the opinions of different physiotherapists about the various strategies for re-opening the out-patient physiotherapy clinics. Methods: An online cross-sectional survey was conducted. Over 169 participants were selected to participate in the survey according to the pre-decided inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data was collected and saved via google forms. Result and conclusion: A majority of respondents had a consensus over different strategies for re-opening the physiotherapy OPDs. These were regarding different measures to be adapted including modifications in the clinic infrastructure and the practice pattern. This would help in smoothly re-instating the physiotherapy services post the covid-19 lockdown.

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Progress towards the UNAIDS 90–90-90 goals by age and gender in a rural area of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: a household-based community cross-sectional survey

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-018-5208-0 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Helena Huerga ◽

Gilles Van Cutsem ◽

Jihane Ben Farhat ◽

Adrian Puren ◽

Malika Bouhenia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Rural Area ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Kwazulu Natal ◽

And Gender

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Paediatricians’ attitudes and beliefs towards transgender people: a cross-sectional survey in Israel

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031569 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. e031569

Author(s):

Nitsan Landau ◽

Uri Hamiel ◽

Itay Tokatly Latzer ◽

Elinor Mauda ◽

Noah Levek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medical Intervention ◽

Attitudes And Beliefs ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Negative Attitudes ◽

Transgender People ◽

Gender Beliefs ◽

Human Value ◽

And Gender

ObjectiveThe number of transgender and gender non-conforming children is on the rise. For these children, the timing of medical intervention is crucial, yet transgender children report poorer overall physical and mental health outcomes compared with their cisgender peers. We aim to describe how paediatricians perceive transgender people.SettingThe ‘Transgender Attitudes and Beliefs Scale’, which consists of 29 items in three domains—human value, interpersonal comfort and sex/gender beliefs—was administered to 391 senior and resident paediatricians in Israel. The responses on a 7-point Likert scale were collapsed into two categories: a mean score of ≥6 for each domain was a ‘Favourable’ perception and <6 ‘Unfavourable’.ResultsOf 355 respondents (91% response rate), 221 (62%) were females, 132 (37%) were males and 2 identified as ‘other’; 290 (82%) were born in ‘trans-respect countries’, 274 (77%) identified as secular, 223 (63%) were senior physicians and 132 (27%) were residents. Overall, 90% of the cohort scored favourably on the ‘Human value’ domain, 68% on ‘Interpersonal comfort’ and 40% on ‘Sex/gender beliefs’. In the ‘Interpersonal comfort’ domain, being a man, birthplace in a transphobic country, identification as religious and being a senior physician were all associated with increased ORs for an unfavourable score: 2.1 (95% CI 1.3 to 3.4), 3.4 (95% CI 1.9 to 6.3), 2.4 (95% CI 1.4 to 4.2) and 1.8 (95% CI 1.1 to 3.0), respectively. In the ‘Sex/gender beliefs’ domain, being a man and identifying as religious had significantly increased ORs for unfavourable scores: 2.2 (95% CI 1.3 to 3.5) and 10.6 (95% CI 4.7 to 24.1), respectively.ConclusionsNegative attitudes towards transgender people are still widespread among paediatricians. Interventions are warranted to positively impact these attitudes.

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How Organizational Culture Affects Employee(s) Work Engagement in the Insurance Industries in Ghana: An Ambidextrous Approach [AAA]

Journal of Management and Strategy ◽

10.5430/jms.v9n4p22 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 22

Author(s):

Aphu Elvis Selase ◽

Xinhai Lu ◽

Ekor Sophia Enyonam Abla

Keyword(s):

Organizational Culture ◽

Work Engagement ◽

Survey Design ◽

Insurance Companies ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Statistical Tools ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pearson Product Moment Correlation ◽

And Gender ◽

Employee Work Engagement

The study assessed how organizational culture affects employee work engagement in the insurance industries in Ghana. A cross sectional survey design was used to purposively sample one hundred and sixty-one (161) employees from two leading insurance companies ambidextrously. The Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Independent t-test were the statistical tools used to test the three hypotheses of the study. The results of the study revealed that, there is a positive significant relationship between organizational culture and employee work engagement. Again it was established that managers are more likely to be engaged on their job than non-managers and gender has no significant influence on engagement levels. The study therefore concluded that, to increase employee work engagement, organizations must adopt a favorable culture. Therefore we recommend that organizations should maintain and sustain favorable culture in order to increase the level of employees work engagement.

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Association between socioeconomic status and comorbidities among patients with rheumatoid arthritis: results of a nationwide cross-sectional survey

Rheumatology ◽

10.1093/rheumatology/kez081 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 58 (9) ◽

pp. 1617-1622 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Anna Shin ◽

Seunghwan Shin ◽

Ji Hyoun Kim ◽

You-Jung Ha ◽

Yun Jong Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Low Income ◽

Suicide Ideation ◽

Healthcare Services ◽

Depressive Mood ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

Comprehensive Health ◽

Musculoskeletal Systems

Abstract Objectives We examined the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and comorbidity distribution among patients with RA. Methods Information on comprehensive health status of 1088 RA patients (weighted n = 612 303) was obtained from the 2007–2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database. SES components were household equivalence income, education and area of residence. To minimize confounding by age, patients were stratified by median age (63 years). Age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was estimated, comparing weighted prevalence of individual comorbidities between low and high SES groups in each age stratum. Results Among RA patients aged <63 years (mean 49 years, 70% female), we observed age-adjusted associations of depression (OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.01, 4.53), depressive mood (OR 2.68, 95% CI 1.54, 4.65), suicide ideation (OR 3.01, 95% CI 1.79, 5.07), diabetes (OR 3.09, 95%CI 1.31, 7.29), obesity (OR 2.04, 95% CI 1.30, 3.20), hypertriglyceridemia (OR 2.36, 95% CI 1.28, 4.34) and osteoarthritis (OR 2.12, 95% CI 1.13, 3.99) with low income, of suicide ideation with low education (OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.14, 4.44), but no association of any comorbidities with area of residence. Unhealthy behavior patterns were comparable between low- and high-income groups but patients with low income reported a numerically higher rate of failed access to necessary healthcare services. We did not find any association between SES and comorbidities among those aged ⩾63 years (mean 72 years, 83% female). Conclusion Among Korean RA patients aged <63 years, socioeconomic inequalities of multiple comorbidities in mental, cardiometabolic and musculoskeletal systems were found.

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Psychiatric disorders and social characteristics among second-generation Moroccan migrants in Belgium: An age–and gender–controlled study conducted in a psychiatric emergency department

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(02)00707-1 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 17 (8) ◽

pp. 443-450 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

P. Fossion ◽

Y. Ledoux ◽

F. Valente ◽

L. Servais ◽

L. Staner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Second Generation ◽

Psychotic Disorders ◽

Multivariate Analyses ◽

Psychiatric Emergency ◽

Social Characteristics ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Age And Gender ◽

And Gender

SummaryPurpose.Clinically, one of the most consistent clinical findings among migrant patients is an increase in the rate of psychosis. The aim of the present study was to confirm this finding in Belgium by comparing second-generation Moroccan migrant patients with Belgian patients, matched for the variables of age and gender.Subjects and method.We conducted a cross-sectional survey on 272 patients admitted in a psychiatric emergency unit during the year 1998. We used univariate and multivariate analyses to compare the two subgroups.Results.Multivariate analyses showed that migrant patients lived more often with their parental family and that they presented a higher rate of admission for psychotic disorders and a lower rate of employment.Discussion.Our findings add to the growing body of results showing increased incidence of psychosis among immigrants to European countries, but several factors have to be taken into account, particularly with regard to selection biases and differences in help-seeking behaviour and in family perception of the mental illness.Conclusion.Our results are compatible with the hypothesis that unemployment is a contributing factor in the risk for psychosis among migrant groups. Further studies would be needed to better explain some of our results, particularly the role played by the families of migrant patients.

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