scholarly journals A four-electron Zn-I2 aqueous battery enabled by reversible I−/I2/I+ conversion

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiping Zou ◽  
Tingting Liu ◽  
Qijun Du ◽  
Yingying Li ◽  
Haibo Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Electrolyte ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Experimental Characterization ◽  
Redox Couples ◽  
Free Chloride ◽  
Reversible Redox ◽  
Aqueous Battery ◽  
Storage Batteries ◽  
Aqueous Batteries ◽  
Superior Level

AbstractElectrochemically reversible redox couples that embrace more electron transfer at a higher potential are the eternal target for energy storage batteries. Here, we report a four-electron aqueous zinc-iodine battery by activating the highly reversible I2/I+ couple (1.83 V vs. Zn/Zn2+) in addition to the typical I−/I2 couple (1.29 V). This is achieved by intensive solvation of the aqueous electrolyte to yield ICl inter-halogens and to suspend its hydrolysis. Experimental characterization and modelling reveal that limited water activity and sufficient free chloride ions in the electrolyte are crucial for the four-electron process. The merits of the electrolyte also afford to stabilize Zn anode, leading to a reliable Zn-I2 aqueous battery of 6000 cycles. Owing to high operational voltage and capacity, energy density up to 750 Wh kg−1 based on iodine mass was achieved (15–20 wt% iodine in electrode). It pushes the Zn-I2 battery to a superior level among these available aqueous batteries.

scholarly journals Broadband dielectric spectroscopy for monitoring temperature-dependent chloride ion motion in BiOCl plates

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Radoń ◽  
Dariusz Łukowiec ◽  
Patryk Włodarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Dielectric Spectroscopy ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Ion Source ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy ◽  
Free Chloride ◽  
Structure Rebuilding

AbstractThe dielectric properties and electrical conduction mechanism of bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl) plates synthesized using chloramine-T as the chloride ion source were investigated. Thermally-activated structure rebuilding was monitored using broadband dielectric spectroscopy, which showed that the onset temperature of this process was 283 K. This rebuilding was related to the introduction of free chloride ions into [Bi2O2]2+ layers and their growth, which increased the intensity of the (101) diffraction peak. The electrical conductivity and dielectric permittivity were related to the movement of chloride ions between plates (in the low-frequency region), the interplanar motion of Cl− ions at higher frequencies, vibrations of these ions, and charge carrier hopping at frequencies above 10 kHz. The influence of the free chloride ion concentration on the electrical conductivity was also described. Structure rebuilding was associated with a lower concentration of free chloride ions, which significantly decreased the conductivity. According to the analysis, the BiOCl plate conductivity was related to the movement of Cl− ions, not electrons.

scholarly journals Effect of Anions (Cl−, SO2−4) on the Interfacial Properties of Akaganeite (β-FeOOH) in Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions

1988 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.M. Parida
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Electrolyte ◽  
Surface Acidity ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Electrolyte Solutions ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Point Of Zero Charge ◽  
Surface Complexes ◽  
Solution Interface ◽  
Adsorption Data ◽  
Titration Data

The point of zero charge (pHpzc) of the sample (β-FeOOH) is shifted from 7.50 to 8.20 and 8.55, respectively, in KCl and K2SO4 electrolyte media. Intrinsic surface acidity and complexation constants have been calculated by single and double extrapolation methods using Potentiometrie titration data obtained for different concentrations of KCl and K2SO4 in aqueous media. Complexation con stants for K+, Cl− and SO2−4 have also been calculated from adsorption data by the same two methods. Close agreement exists between the two sets of values. Chloride ions form SOH2−4 – Cl− surface complexes on a β-FeOOH surface, whereas sulphate ions form two types of surface complex i.e. SOH+2 – SO2−4 and SOH+2 – SO4H−. Various parameters such as σ0, ψ0, ψd, dσ0/dψ0, etc. associated with the electrical double layer at the oxide/aqueous KCl and K2SO4 electrolyte solution interface have been calculated from Potentiometrie and adsorption data, and are discussed.

Effect of Stray Current on Chloride Binding Mechanism in Concrete

2012 ◽  
Vol 204-208 ◽  
pp. 3720-3723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiao Zhu ◽  
Lin Hua Jiang ◽  
Yi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Chloride Binding ◽  
Stray Current ◽  
Total Chloride ◽  
Binding Rate ◽  
Free Chloride ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Bound Chloride

In this article, simulation tests of chloride binding were made under the condition of sodium chloride as an internal admixture while loaded with stray current externally. Through the potential titration method, free chloride ion concentration Cf 、 total chloride ion concentration Ct and chloride binding rate RCl were determined. The results show that: With the increase of the strength and action time of the stray current, the number of internal free chloride ions in the cement paste increases while that of the corresponding bound chloride ions reduces significantly, leading to the decrease of chloride binding rate. The relationship between chloride binding rate and the two can be shown as follows respectively:RCl=50.754e(-I/28.258)+42.532、RCl=63.427 e(-T/8.238)+27.325.

Potentiometric measurement with a Kelvin probe: Contactless measurement of chloride ions in aqueous electrolyte

2016 ◽  
Vol 236 ◽  
pp. 1126-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Abbas ◽  
X. Zhu ◽  
H.L. de Boer ◽  
N.B. Tanvir ◽  
W. Olthuis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Electrolyte ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Contactless Measurement ◽  
Kelvin Probe ◽  
Potentiometric Measurement

scholarly journals Voltage fade mitigation in the cationic dominant lithium-rich NCM cathode

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prem Chandan ◽  
Chung-Chieh Chang ◽  
Kuo-Wei Yeh ◽  
Chui-Chang Chiu ◽  
Dong-Ze Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Transition Metal Ions ◽  
Lithium Content ◽  
Capacity Retention ◽  
Capacity Loss ◽  
Redox Couples ◽  
Reversible Redox ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Voltage Fade ◽  
Rich Material

Abstract In the archetypal lithium-rich cathode compound Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2, a major part of the capacity is contributed from the anionic (O2−/−) reversible redox couple and is accompanied by the transition metal ions migration with a detrimental voltage fade. A better understanding of these mutual interactions demands for a new model that helps to unfold the occurrences of voltage fade in lithium-rich system. Here we present an alternative approach, a cationic reaction dominated lithium-rich material Li1.083Ni0.333Co0.083Mn0.5O2, with reduced lithium content to modify the initial band structure, hence ~80% and ~20% of capacity are contributed by cationic and anionic redox couples, individually. A 400 cycle test with 85% capacity retention depicts the capacity loss mainly arises from the metal ions dissolution. The voltage fade usually from Mn4+/Mn3+ and/or On−/O2− reduction at around 2.5/3.0 V seen in the typical lithium-rich materials is completely eliminated in the cationic dominated cathode material.

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