scholarly journals Sustainable irrigation based on co-regulation of soil water supply and atmospheric evaporative demand

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingwen Zhang ◽  
Kaiyu Guan ◽  
Bin Peng ◽  
Ming Pan ◽  
Wang Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Soil Water Deficit ◽  
Irrigation Scheme ◽  
Irrigation Water Use

AbstractIrrigation is an important adaptation to reduce crop yield loss due to water stress from both soil water deficit (low soil moisture) and atmospheric aridity (high vapor pressure deficit, VPD). Traditionally, irrigation has primarily focused on soil water deficit. Observational evidence demonstrates that stomatal conductance is co-regulated by soil moisture and VPD from water supply and demand aspects. Here we use a validated hydraulically-driven ecosystem model to reproduce the co-regulation pattern. Specifically, we propose a plant-centric irrigation scheme considering water supply-demand dynamics (SDD), and compare it with soil-moisture-based irrigation scheme (management allowable depletion, MAD) for continuous maize cropping systems in Nebraska, United States. We find that, under current climate conditions, the plant-centric SDD irrigation scheme combining soil moisture and VPD, could significantly reduce irrigation water use (−24.0%) while maintaining crop yields, and increase economic profits (+11.2%) and irrigation water productivity (+25.2%) compared with MAD, thus SDD could significantly improve water sustainability.

Development and Evaluation of a Variable-Rate Irrigation Management Method in the Mississippi Delta

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 287-298
Author(s):  
Ruixiu Sui ◽  
Jonnie Baggard
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Mississippi Delta ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Variable Rate ◽  
Irrigation Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water Productivity ◽  
Variable Rate Irrigation

HighlightsWe developed and evaluated a variable-rate irrigation (VRI) management method for five crop years in the Mississippi Delta.VRI management significantly reduced irrigation water use in comparison with uniform-rate irrigation (URI). There was no significant difference in grain yield and irrigation water productivity between VRI and URI management.Soil apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) was used to delineate irrigation management zones and generate VRI prescriptions.Sensor-measured soil water content was used in irrigation scheduling.Abstract. Variable-rate irrigation (VRI) allows producers to site-specifically apply irrigation water at variable rates within a field to account for the temporal and spatial variability in soil and plant characteristics. Developing practical VRI methods and documenting the benefits of VRI application are critical to accelerate the adoption of VRI technologies. Using apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa) and soil moisture sensors, a VRI method was developed and evaluated with corn and soybean for five crop years in the Mississippi Delta. Soil ECa of the study fields was mapped and used to delineate VRI management zones and create VRI prescriptions. Irrigation was scheduled using soil volumetric water content measured by soil moisture sensors. A center pivot VRI system was employed to deliver irrigation water according to the VRI prescription. Grain yield, irrigation water use, and irrigation water productivity in the VRI treatment were determined and compared with that in a uniform-rate irrigation (URI) treatment. Results showed that the grain yield and irrigation water productivity between the VRI and URI treatments were not statistically different with both corn and soybean crops. The VRI management significantly reduced the amount of irrigation water by 22% in corn and by 11% in soybean (p = 0.05). Adoption of VRI management could improve irrigation water use efficiency in the Mississippi Delta. Keywords: Soil electrical conductivity, Soil moisture sensor, Variable rate irrigation, Water management.

scholarly journals Assessment of the SMAP-Derived Soil Water Deficit Index (SWDI-SMAP) as an Agricultural Drought Index in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jueying Bai ◽  
Qian Cui ◽  
Deqing Chen ◽  
Haiwei Yu ◽  
Xudong Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Microwave Remote Sensing ◽  
Agricultural Drought ◽  
Drought Monitoring ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
Soil Water Deficit ◽  
The South ◽  
The North

China is frequently subjected to local and regional drought disasters, and thus, drought monitoring is vital. Drought assessments based on available surface soil moisture (SM) can account for soil water deficit directly. Microwave remote sensing techniques enable the estimation of global SM with a high temporal resolution. At present, the evaluation of Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) SM products is inadequate, and L-band microwave data have not been applied to agricultural drought monitoring throughout China. In this study, first, we provide a pivotal evaluation of the SMAP L3 radiometer-derived SM product using in situ observation data throughout China, to assist in subsequent drought assessment, and then the SMAP-Derived Soil Water Deficit Index (SWDI-SMAP) is compared with the atmospheric water deficit (AWD) and vegetation health index (VHI). It is found that the SMAP can obtain SM with relatively high accuracy and the SWDI-SMAP has a good overall performance on drought monitoring. Relatively good performance of SWDI-SMAP is shown, except in some mountain regions; the SWDI-SMAP generally performs better in the north than in the south for less dry bias, although better performance of SMAP SM based on the R is shown in the south than in the north; differences between the SWDI-SMAP and VHI are mainly shown in areas without vegetation or those containing drought-resistant plants. In summary, the SWDI-SMAP shows great application potential in drought monitoring.

Soybean Irrigation Initiation in Mississippi: Yield, Soil Moisture, and Economic Response

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-50
Author(s):  
H. C. Pringle, III ◽  
L. L. Falconer ◽  
D. K. Fisher ◽  
L. J. Krutz
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Mississippi Delta ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Soil Water Deficit ◽  
Soybean Yield

Abstract. Irrigated acreage is expanding and groundwater supplies are decreasing in the Mississippi Delta. Efficient irrigation scheduling of soybean [ (L.) Merr] will aid in conservation efforts to sustain groundwater resources. The objective of this study was to develop irrigation initiation recommendations for soybean grown on Mississippi Delta soils. Field studies were conducted on a deep silty clay (SiC) in 2012, 2013, 2014, and 2015 and on a deep silty clay loam (SiCL) and deep silt loam (SiL) or loam (L) soil in 2013, 2014, and 2015. Irrigation was initiated multiple times during the growing season and soybean yield and net return were determined to evaluate the effectiveness of each initiation timing. Growth stage, soil water potential (SWP), and soil water deficit (SWD) were compared at these initiation timings to determine which parameter or combination of parameters consistently predicted the resulting greatest yields and net returns. Stress conditions that reduce yield can occur at any time from late vegetative stages to full seed on these deep soils. The wide range of trigger values found for SWP and SWD to increase yields in different years emphasizes the complexity of irrigation scheduling. Monitoring soil moisture by itself or use of a single trigger value is not sufficient to optimize irrigation scheduling to maximize soybean yield with the least amount of water every year on these soils. Monitoring one or more parameters (e.g., leaf water potential, canopy temperature, air temperature, humidity, solar radiation, and wind) is needed in conjunction with soil moisture to directly or indirectly quantify the abiotic stresses on the plant to better define when a yield reducing stress is occurring. Keywords: Irrigation initiation, Irrigation scheduling, Soil water deficit, Soil water potential, Soybean, Water conservation.

scholarly journals Satellite Soil Moisture for Agricultural Drought Monitoring: Assessment of SMAP-Derived Soil Water Deficit Index in Xiang River Basin, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Zhu ◽  
Yulin Luo ◽  
Yue-Ping Xu ◽  
Ye Tian ◽  
Tiantian Yang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Probability Of Detection ◽  
Agricultural Drought ◽  
Drought Monitoring ◽  
Soil Water Deficit ◽  
R Value ◽  
Xiang River

Agricultural drought can have long-lasting and harmful impacts on both the ecosystem and economy. Therefore, it is important to monitor and predict agricultural drought accurately. Soil moisture is the key variable to define the agricultural drought index. However, in situ soil moisture observations are inaccessible in many areas of the world. Remote sensing techniques enrich the surface soil moisture observations at different tempo-spatial resolutions. In this study, the Level 2 L-band radiometer soil moisture dataset was used to estimate the Soil Water Deficit Index (SWDI). The Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) dataset was evaluated with the soil moisture dataset obtained from the China Land Soil Moisture Data Assimilation System (CLSMDAS). The SMAP-derived SWDI (SMAP_SWDI) was compared with the atmospheric water deficit (AWD) calculated with precipitation and evapotranspiration from meteorological stations. Drought monitoring and comparison were accomplished at a weekly scale for the growing season (April to November) from 2015 to 2017. The results were as follows: (1) in terms of Pearson correlation coefficients (R-value) between SMAP and CLSMDAS, around 70% performed well and only 10% performed poorly at the grid scale, and the R-value was 0.62 for the whole basin; (2) severe droughts mainly occurred from mid-June to the end of September from 2015 to 2017; (3) severe droughts were detected in the southern and northeastern Xiang River Basin in mid-May of 2015, and in the northern basin in early August of 2016 and end of November 2017; (4) the values of percentage of drought weeks gradually decreased from 2015 to 2017, and increased from the northeast to the southwest of the basin in 2015 and 2016; and (5) the average value of R and probability of detection between SMAP_SWDI and AWD were 0.6 and 0.79, respectively. These results show SMAP has acceptable accuracy and good performance for drought monitoring in the Xiang River Basin.

scholarly journals Physiological quality of maize seeds produced under soil water deficit conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 451-456
Author(s):  
Fernando H. B. Machado ◽  
Andréia M. S. de S. David ◽  
Silvânio R. dos Santos ◽  
Josiane C. Figueiredo ◽  
Cleisson D. da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Soil Water Deficit ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Water Depths

ABSTRACT Crop strategies focused on the rational use of water are required in semiarid regions. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the physiological quality of maize seeds produced under soil water deficit conditions. Five irrigation water depth were established, based on the field capacity (100, 85, 70, 55 and 40%), to control the available water for two maize hybrids (2B-587 and DKB-390). A randomized block design was used, with a split-plot arrangement and four repetitions. The plots consisted of irrigation water depths, and the subplots consisted of maize hybrids. The seed water concentration, germination, and vigor were determined after the harvest, using data from first germination counting, seedling emergence, germination speed index, seedling length, and accelerated aging, electrical conductivity, and modified cold tests. The maize hybrid DKB-390 showed better physiological potential under the soil water deficit conditions evaluated. The irrigation water depths lower than 70% of field capacity resulted in decreases in soil water contents and affected negatively the physiological quality of the maize seeds produced.

scholarly journals Impact of Drought on Yields of Field Crops Grown under Different Agroecological Conditions in Croatia

1970 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan ŠIMUNIĆ ◽  
Stjepan HUSNJAK ◽  
Gabrijel ONDRAŠEK ◽  
Ivan MUSTAĆ ◽  
Vilim FILIPOVIĆ
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Soil Water Deficit ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Research Goal ◽  
The Impact

The research goal was to investigate the impact of drought on the yields of some field crops on three different locations in two different hydrological years (2003 and 2005). Research results show that yield quantity depends on the amount and distribution of precipitation. Yield decreases are higher in case of more severe droughts, and vice versa. With sufficient water in the soil in the dry 2003, it possible to increase crop yields from 98.1 % to 129.5 % in the Gospić region, from 44.9 % to 72.8 % in the Našice region and from to in the Virovitica region. In the hydrologically more favourable 2005, yields were increased from 18.6% to 42.2% in the Gospić region, from 16.1 % to 21.9 % in the Našice region and from to in the Virovitica region. Higher and safer yields in the studied regions can be achieved by compensating soil water deficit in all crop development stages, which requires construction of adequate irrigation systems.

scholarly journals Linacre Derived Potential Evapotranspiration Method and Effect on Supplementary Irrigation Water Needs of Tomato/Cabbage/Carrot

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-117
Author(s):  
C. N. Emeribe ◽  
E. S. Isagba ◽  
O. F. Idehen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Soil Water Deficit ◽  
Supplementary Irrigation ◽  
Water Surplus ◽  
Total Average

The study examined the dynamic nature of water balance parameters over Kano town, a semi-arid environment and impact of Linacre derived potential evapotranspiration method on the supplementary irrigation water needs of selected crops. Monthly Rainfall and Temperature data were collected from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency, Lagos for the period 1953-2012. The study observed that there is a steady decline in annual precipitation over Kano from the first decade (1953-1962) to the fifth decade (1993-2002), after which there was a sign of weak recovery in the last decade (2003-2012). For water loss through potential evapotranspiration, there was a steady rise from the first decade (1953-1962) to the fifth decade (1993-2002), and then followed by a sudden decline in the last decade (2003-2012). The total average of water storage on the other hand, first experienced a rise between the first two decades (1953-1962) and (1963-1972), followed by a steady decline, up until the fifth decade (1993-2002) and finally a rise in the last decade (20032012). The total average of soil water deficit experienced a steady rise between the first and the fifth decades (1953-1962) to (1993-2002), this was followed by a decline in the last decade (20032012). Finally, the total average of water surplus experienced a steady decline between the first and the fifth decades. The observed decline in precipitation, storage, and water surplus, and the rise in water loss from potential evapotranspiration and soil water deficit, suggests that there have been changes in the climatic pattern over Kano and this could be seen in the supplementary irrigation water needs of Tomato/Cabbage/Carrot.

scholarly journals Effects of revegetation on soil moisture under different precipitation gradients in the Loess Plateau, China

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 1378-1390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Tian ◽  
Xiaoming Feng ◽  
Lu Zhang ◽  
Bojie Fu ◽  
Shuai Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Soil Water Deficit ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Soil Desiccation

Revegetation can alter catchment water balance and result in soil desiccation. Large-scale revegetation took place in the Loess Plateau of China to control soil erosion and improve environmental conditions. However, the dynamic nature of soil moisture in response to revegetation under different climatic conditions is still unclear mainly due to lack of long-term in situ observations. To overcome this challenge, a biophysically based ecohydrological model (WAVES) was used to examine the effects of revegetation on soil moisture. Results showed that trees consume more water (100% of precipitation) than shrub (97.6%) and grass (98.3%), and therefore are more likely to result in soil desiccation. No runoff occurred under the tree scenario, while for shrub and grass, runoff accounted for 2.4% and 1.7% of precipitation, respectively. In areas with mean annual precipitation (MAP) less than 400 mm, tree planting resulted in soil water deficit, while in areas with MAP exceeding 600 mm, no soil water deficit occurred. Within this MAP range (400 < MAP < 600 mm), this could lead to soil water deficit during dry years. Extending this analysis to the entire Loess Plateau, 40% of the region will face reduced soil moisture when converting cropland to trees.

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