scholarly journals Linacre Derived Potential Evapotranspiration Method and Effect on Supplementary Irrigation Water Needs of Tomato/Cabbage/Carrot

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-117
Author(s):  
C. N. Emeribe ◽  
E. S. Isagba ◽  
O. F. Idehen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Soil Water Deficit ◽  
Supplementary Irrigation ◽  
Water Surplus ◽  
Total Average

The study examined the dynamic nature of water balance parameters over Kano town, a semi-arid environment and impact of Linacre derived potential evapotranspiration method on the supplementary irrigation water needs of selected crops. Monthly Rainfall and Temperature data were collected from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency, Lagos for the period 1953-2012. The study observed that there is a steady decline in annual precipitation over Kano from the first decade (1953-1962) to the fifth decade (1993-2002), after which there was a sign of weak recovery in the last decade (2003-2012). For water loss through potential evapotranspiration, there was a steady rise from the first decade (1953-1962) to the fifth decade (1993-2002), and then followed by a sudden decline in the last decade (2003-2012). The total average of water storage on the other hand, first experienced a rise between the first two decades (1953-1962) and (1963-1972), followed by a steady decline, up until the fifth decade (1993-2002) and finally a rise in the last decade (20032012). The total average of soil water deficit experienced a steady rise between the first and the fifth decades (1953-1962) to (1993-2002), this was followed by a decline in the last decade (20032012). Finally, the total average of water surplus experienced a steady decline between the first and the fifth decades. The observed decline in precipitation, storage, and water surplus, and the rise in water loss from potential evapotranspiration and soil water deficit, suggests that there have been changes in the climatic pattern over Kano and this could be seen in the supplementary irrigation water needs of Tomato/Cabbage/Carrot.

scholarly journals Extreme Hydrologic Events in North Area of Buenos Aires Province (Argentina)

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Daniel Capriolo ◽  
Olga Eugenia Scarpati
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
Buenos Aires Province ◽  
Soil Water Deficit ◽  
Water Surplus ◽  
Wilting Point

This paper presents the soil water deficit and soil water surplus obtained from soil water balance in three drainage areas of Buenos Aires province for the period from 1971 to 2010. The soil water balance had been performed using the evapotranspiration formula of Penman-Monteith and considering the soil water constants: field capacity, soil water moisture, and soil wilting point for all the different types of soils of the region. The obtained soil water deficit and surplus are considered as triggers of extreme hydrologic events. Annual threshold values of 200 mm of soil water deficit and 300 mm of soil water surplus were considered for drought and flood, respectively. It was found that almost the 25% of the floods are severe and extreme while the 50% of droughts were of these intensities. Mann-Kendall statistical test was performed, and significance trends at level 0.1 were found for drought and for two periods, one of twenty years (1991–2010) and the other of ten years (2001–2010). As a sample of the temporal evolution of both events and their trends, the results of one locality (Junin) were deeply analyzed.

scholarly journals Physiological quality of maize seeds produced under soil water deficit conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 451-456
Author(s):  
Fernando H. B. Machado ◽  
Andréia M. S. de S. David ◽  
Silvânio R. dos Santos ◽  
Josiane C. Figueiredo ◽  
Cleisson D. da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Soil Water Deficit ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Water Depths

ABSTRACT Crop strategies focused on the rational use of water are required in semiarid regions. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the physiological quality of maize seeds produced under soil water deficit conditions. Five irrigation water depth were established, based on the field capacity (100, 85, 70, 55 and 40%), to control the available water for two maize hybrids (2B-587 and DKB-390). A randomized block design was used, with a split-plot arrangement and four repetitions. The plots consisted of irrigation water depths, and the subplots consisted of maize hybrids. The seed water concentration, germination, and vigor were determined after the harvest, using data from first germination counting, seedling emergence, germination speed index, seedling length, and accelerated aging, electrical conductivity, and modified cold tests. The maize hybrid DKB-390 showed better physiological potential under the soil water deficit conditions evaluated. The irrigation water depths lower than 70% of field capacity resulted in decreases in soil water contents and affected negatively the physiological quality of the maize seeds produced.

scholarly journals Sustainable irrigation based on co-regulation of soil water supply and atmospheric evaporative demand

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingwen Zhang ◽  
Kaiyu Guan ◽  
Bin Peng ◽  
Ming Pan ◽  
Wang Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Soil Water Deficit ◽  
Irrigation Scheme ◽  
Irrigation Water Use

AbstractIrrigation is an important adaptation to reduce crop yield loss due to water stress from both soil water deficit (low soil moisture) and atmospheric aridity (high vapor pressure deficit, VPD). Traditionally, irrigation has primarily focused on soil water deficit. Observational evidence demonstrates that stomatal conductance is co-regulated by soil moisture and VPD from water supply and demand aspects. Here we use a validated hydraulically-driven ecosystem model to reproduce the co-regulation pattern. Specifically, we propose a plant-centric irrigation scheme considering water supply-demand dynamics (SDD), and compare it with soil-moisture-based irrigation scheme (management allowable depletion, MAD) for continuous maize cropping systems in Nebraska, United States. We find that, under current climate conditions, the plant-centric SDD irrigation scheme combining soil moisture and VPD, could significantly reduce irrigation water use (−24.0%) while maintaining crop yields, and increase economic profits (+11.2%) and irrigation water productivity (+25.2%) compared with MAD, thus SDD could significantly improve water sustainability.

Warming alters the positive impact of elevated CO2 concentration on cotton growth and physiology during soil water deficit

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrina J. Broughton ◽  
Renee A. Smith ◽  
Remko A. Duursma ◽  
Daniel K. Y. Tan ◽  
Paxton Payton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Soil Water Deficit ◽  
Whole Plant

Alterations in climate factors such as rising CO2 concentration ([CO2]), warming and reduced precipitation may have significant impacts on plant physiology and growth. This research investigated the interactive effects of elevated [CO2], warming and soil water deficit on biomass production, leaf-level physiological responses and whole-plant water use efficiency (WUEP) in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Cotton was grown in the glasshouse under two [CO2] treatments (CA, 400 µL L–1; CE, 640 µL L–1) and two temperature treatments (TA, 28°C : 17°C day : night; TE, 32°C : 21°C day : night). Plants were subjected to two progressive water deficit cycles, with a 5-day recovery period between the water deficit periods. CE increased vegetative biomass and photosynthetic rates, and decreased stomatal conductance in TA; however, these responses to CE were not evident under TE. CE increased whole-plant water loss under TA, but increased WUEp, whereas increased whole-plant water loss in TE decreased WUEp regardless of atmospheric [CO2]. CE may provide some positive growth and physiological benefits to cotton at TA if sufficient water is available but CE will not mitigate the negative effects of rising temperature on cotton growth and physiology in future environments.

Irrigation water saving strategies in Citrus orchards: Analysis of the combined effects of timing and severity of soil water deficit

2021 ◽  
Vol 248 ◽  
pp. 106773
Author(s):  
Àngela Puig-Sirera ◽  
Giuseppe Provenzano ◽  
Pablo González-Altozano ◽  
Diego S. Intrigliolo ◽  
Giovanni Rallo
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Soil Water Deficit ◽  
Citrus Orchards

Estimation of infiltration and deep drainage in a furrow-irrigated sodic duplex soil

Soil Research ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 363 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJ Dowling ◽  
PJ Thorburn ◽  
PJ Ross ◽  
PJ Elliot
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Soil Water Deficit ◽  
Deep Drainage ◽  
Irrigation Design ◽  
Irrigated Crops ◽  
Area North

Infiltration and deep drainage fluxes are difficult to measure directly in slowly permeable soils under furrow-irrigated upland crops such as maize (Zea mays L). This paper combines a solute mass balance model and a furrow irrigation advance model to provide an estimate of these fluxes, indirectly from simpler measurements. The models were applied to a newly cleared sodic duplex soil from the Burdekin River Irrigation Area, north Queensland, where no field measures of infiltration and deep drainage were available. The study site was sown to consecutive furrow-irrigated crops after clearing. In applying these models, measures of soil and irrigation water chloride, irrigation water applied, furrow geometry and irrigation advance were required. Estimated infiltration and deep drainage decreased with distance down the furrow from 1044 and 98 mm year-1 at 50 m to 966 and 0 mm year-1 at 260 m. In an area that received an application of gypsum (20 t ha-1) prior to planting the second crop, values ranged from 1617 and 200 mm year-1 at 50 m to 1370 and 70 mm year-1 at 260 m. Infiltration did not satisfy the estimated soil water deficit unless gypsum was applied. Where gypsum was applied, infiltration exceeded the soil water deficit and deep drainage increased. Evapo-transpiration rate and maize yield also increased. If correct, these results have local and regional implications for irrigation design and management.

FORMULE PERMETTANT D’INTEGRER L’EVAPOTRANSPIRATION ET LA PLUIE PAR UN INSTRUMENT

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 711-719
Author(s):  
C. E. Ouellet ◽  
G. Laporte
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Budget ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Soil Water Deficit ◽  
Cylinder Diameter ◽  
Overflow Pipe ◽  
New Formula

Irrigation needs have been estimated, in the last few years, by a method referred to as the "soil water budget" and based on meteorological factors such as evapotranspiration and rain. In order to eliminate the needs for daily recording and calculation of records, a new formula has been derived. An instrument capable of integrating both evapotranspiration and rain, and made up of an evaporimeter and an integrating cylinder, has been mounted according to it. The cylinder diameter (Dc) is determined by this formula Dc = De √K, when De is the diameter of the evaporimeter and K the ratio between evaporation and potential evapotranspiration of a crop.This instrument was made and tried in 1961. A Wright AP evaporimeter was used. The integrating cylinder, terminated by a funnel to collect rain, is equipped with a scale indicating the soil water deficit and an overflow pipe permitting the evacuation of water in excess of field capacity. The evaporation of a 4-foot sunken tank was taken as the basic value of potential evapotranspiration, since it is considered approximately equivalent to the evapotranspiration of a crop adequately provided with water.This instrument, after some minor corrections, will be an efficient means of predicting irrigation needs. A good correlation was established between this instrument and two other methods of estimating evapotranspiration. Its response to meteorological factors was good.

North-east Victoria SGS National Experiment site: water and nutrient losses from grazing systems on contrasting soil types and levels of inputs

2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 799 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Ridley ◽  
B. P. Christy ◽  
R. E. White ◽  
T. McLean ◽  
R. Green
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Soil Water Deficit ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
High Input ◽  
North East

Water and nutrient losses, pasture and animal production were measured for a prime lamb enterprise at Maindample (rainfall 750 mm/year) and a wool enterprise at Ruffy (rainfall 671 mm/year) in north-east Victoria from 1998 to 2000. Each site comprised 3 paddock-scale treatments: control, unsown pasture receiving about 5�kg�phosphorus (P)/ha.year; medium input, sown pasture (about 10 kg P/ha.year); and high input, sown pasture (≥22 kg P/ha.year). Sown pastures were based on phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) at Maindample and cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) at Ruffy, and sheep were set stocked. Pastures at Maindample created a larger soil water deficit (commonly about 120 mm) compared with Ruffy (about 70 mm) in summer. Maximum soil water deficit at Maindample occurred under the high input pasture and was about 30 mm greater than the medium or control treatments. Phalaris content ranged between about 200 and 1300 kg DM/ha, between 10 and 70% of total composition (commonly about 20%). In contrast, at Ruffy the control, which had 20–40% native grasses (Austrodanthonia and Microlaena) achieved the greatest soil water deficit, about 25 mm greater than for sown pastures. Cocksfoot persisted poorly at the acid soil at Ruffy. Small differences in green leaf area over summer (about 200 kg DM/ha) between treatments could generate the soil water deficit differences over the summer.The most striking result was the markedly different pathways of water loss between surface losses and deep drainage at the 2 sites, which was of greater consequence than the effect of pasture type. At Maindample, on average, 166 mm of water was lost annually (22% of rainfall) with 110 mm of this as surface runoff. At Ruffy, annual water loss was 128 mm (19% of rainfall) with 110 mm of this total water loss estimated as loss through deep drainage.Phosphorus losses were low in all treatments (≤1 kg P/ha.year), and nitrate-N (NO3-N) losses (7–12 kg N/ha.year) were comparable with previous work. Concentrations of P in water were highest from the high treatments at both sites, averaging 0.91 and 0.83 mg P/L in surface runoff from Maindample high and Ruffy high treatments, respectively. Average soil water NO3-N concentrations ranged from 3 to 26 mg N/L. Both P and N concentrations were higher than acceptable for aquatic health.Environmental risks in terms of water and nutrient losses could be either higher or lower for sown than unsown pastures, depending upon soil type, botanical stability, persistence and the soil water extracting ability of the pasture. Results indicated that better environmental outcomes could be achieved if soil types were targeted for particular land uses. High management skills are needed if grazing enterprises are to be both profitable and have lower off-site impacts.

scholarly journals Effects of Soil Water Deficit on Three Tree Species of the Arid Environment: Variations in Growth, Physiology, and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahad Rasheed ◽  
Adnan Gondal ◽  
Kamziah Abdul Kudus ◽  
Zikria Zafar ◽  
Muhammad Farrakh Nawaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Root Production ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Abiotic Factor ◽  
Soil Water Deficit

Low water availability predicted under climate change is a major abiotic factor limiting plants growth and productivity. In this study a greenhouse experiment was conducted on three important tree species of arid environment: Conocarpus erectus (CE), Acacia modesta (AM), and Salix tetrasperma (ST). Young saplings were subjected to control (C), medium (MWD) and severe soil water deficit (SWD) treatments and response was evaluated. Results showed that in all the three species leaf, stem and root dry weight production remained similar to C under MWD treatment but decreased significantly under SWD. The highest decrease in total dry weight was noticed in ST and the lowest was evidenced in AM under SWD. Root:shoot ratio increased significantly in both CE and AM under MWD and SWD. Furthermore, chlorophyll content decreased while proline content increased significantly in both MWD and SWD treatments. The production of oxidants (hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anions) and antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase) increased significantly under both MWD and SWD treatments and were the highest in AM in both MWD and SWD treatments. Therefore, we may conclude that all the three species can tolerate medium water stress due to increased root production and an effective antioxidant defense mechanism.

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