scholarly journals Collaborative management of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam increases economic benefits and resilience

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Basheer ◽  
Victor Nechifor ◽  
Alvaro Calzadilla ◽  
Khalid Siddig ◽  
Mikiyas Etichia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River System ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Collaborative Management ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Water Demands ◽  
Dam Operation ◽  
High Flows ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Dynamic Feedbacks

AbstractThe landscape of water infrastructure in the Nile Basin is changing with the construction of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam. Although this dam could improve electricity supply in Ethiopia and its neighbors, there is a lack of consensus between Ethiopia, Sudan, and Egypt on the dam operation. We introduce a new modeling framework that simulates the Nile River System and Egypt’s macroeconomy, with dynamic feedbacks between the river system and the macroeconomy. Because the two systems “coevolve” throughout multi-year simulations, we term this a “coevolutionary” modeling framework. The framework is used to demonstrate that a coordinated operating strategy could allow the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam to help meet water demands in Egypt during periods of water scarcity and increase hydropower generation and storage in Ethiopia during high flows. Here we show the hydrological and macroeconomic performance of this coordinated strategy compared to a strategy that resembles a recent draft proposal for the operation of the dam discussed in Washington DC.

scholarly journals Comparative Environmental, Economic, and Jobs Impacts in the USA of Renewable Energy Compared to Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Roger H Bezdek ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Environmental Economic ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Coal Power ◽  
And Storage

This paper assesses the relative economic and jobs benefits of retrofitting an 847 MW USA coal power plant with carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology compared to replacing the plant with renewable (RE) energy and battery storage. The research had two major objectives: 1) Estimate the relative environmental, economic, and jobs impacts of CCUS retrofit of the coal plant compared to its replacement by the RE scenario; 2) develop metrics that can be used to compare the jobs impacts of coal fueled power plants to those of renewable energy. The hypotheses tested are: 1) The RE option will reduce CO2 emissions more than the CCUS option. We reject this hypothesis: We found that the CCUS option will reduce CO2 emissions more than the RE option. 2) The RE option will generate greater economic benefits than the CCUS option. We reject this hypothesis: We found that the CCUS option will create greater economic and jobs benefits than the RE option. 3) The RE option will create more jobs per MW than the CCUS option. We reject this hypothesis: We found that the CCUS option will create more jobs per MW more than the RE option. We discuss the implications of these findings.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Environmental and Ecological Impacts of the Leading Large-Scale Reservoir on the Upper Reaches of the Yellow River

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 3818
Author(s):  
Jun Qiu ◽  
Tie-Jian Li ◽  
Fang-Fang Li
Keyword(s):  
Flood Control ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Yellow River Basin ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
The Yellow River ◽  
Water Demands

Large-scale reservoirs have played a significant role in meeting various water demands and socio-economic development, while they also lead to undeniable impacts on the environment and ecology. The Longyangxia reservoir located on the Yellow River is the first large-scale reservoir on the upper Yellow River with a control area of 18% of the entire Yellow River Basin. Since it was put into operation in 1987, it has made great contributions to the national economy for over 30 years. In this study, the socio-economic benefits of the Longyangxia reservoir in power generation, water supply, flood control, and ice prevention are investigated. More importantly, its impacts on the ecology and environment are also presented and analyzed, such as the impacts on river morphology, flow regimes, peak flow, fish, phytoplankton, and zooplankton. It can be concluded that the construction of the Longyangxia reservoir contributes greatly to socio-economic benefits, the water area nearby has formed a new ecological environment, and the trophic level of the aquatic environment has probably increased.

scholarly journals Water Flow Behavior and Storage Potential of the Semi-Arid Ephemeral River System in the Mara Basin of Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sospeter Simiyu Wekesa ◽  
Tibor Yvan Stigter ◽  
Luke O. Olang ◽  
Francis Oloo ◽  
Kelly Fouchy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
River System ◽  
Storage Potential ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Semi Arid

Water scarcity and food security: alternative futures for the 21st century

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. Rosengrant ◽  
X. Cai
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Alternative Futures ◽  
Water Demands ◽  
Agriculture And Food

Water availability for agriculture - the major water user worldwide - is one of the most critical factors for food security in many regions of the world. The role of water withdrawals in irrigated agriculture and food security has been receiving substantial attention in recent years. This paper addresses key questions regarding water availability and food security, including: How will water availability and water demand evolve over the next three decades, taking into account availability and variability in water resources, the water supply infrastructure, and irrigation and nonagricultural water demands? What are the relationships among water scarcity, food production, and food security? How much of future food production will come from rainfed and irrigated areas? A global modeling framework, IMPACT-Water, is applied to explore answers to these questions using analysis.

scholarly journals An agent-based modeling framework for sociotechnical simulation of water distribution contamination events

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 862-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ehsan Shafiee ◽  
Emily M. Zechman
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Contaminant Plume ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Water Demands ◽  
Demand Patterns

In the event that a contaminant is introduced to a water distribution network, a large population of consumers may risk exposure. Selecting mitigation actions to protect public health may be difficult, as contamination is a poorly predictable dynamic event. Consumers who become aware of an event may select protective actions to change their water demands from typical demand patterns, and new hydraulic conditions can arise that differ from conditions that would be predicted when demands are considered as exogenous inputs. Consequently, the movement of the contaminant plume in the pipe network may shift from its expected trajectory. A sociotechnical model is developed here to integrate agent-based models of consumers with an engineering water distribution system model and capture the dynamics between consumer behaviors and the water distribution system for predicting contaminant transport and public exposure. Consumers are simulated as agents with behaviors, including movement, water consumption, exposure, reduction in demands, and communication with other agents. As consumers decrease their water use, the location of the contaminant plume is updated and the amount of contaminant consumed by each agent is calculated. The framework is tested through simulating realistic contamination scenarios for a virtual city and water distribution system.

No Business Like FIRC Business: Foreign-Imposed Regime Change and Bilateral Trade

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 749-782
Author(s):  
Paul Zachary ◽  
Kathleen Deloughery ◽  
Alexander B. Downes
Keyword(s):  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Foreign Firms ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
Average Decrease ◽  
Regime Changes ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
Synthetic Controls

Scholars argue that states undertake foreign military interventions for economic reasons, yet few have investigated whether intervention produces economic benefits. This article answers this question in the context of US foreign-imposed regime changes (FIRCs) in Latin America. Because FIRCs install leaders who are sympathetic to the intervener’s interests, economic arguments maintain that these interventions should increase bilateral trade between the targets and imposing countries. Yet security-based arguments assert that FIRCs should have little economic effect, as regime changes target threats rather than generate economic benefits. A third perspective argues that FIRCs reduce trade by generating political instability, which causes foreign firms to cut back on their involvement and domestic firms to experience difficulty getting goods to market. To test these competing arguments, this study employs a novel dataset on bilateral trade (1873–2007) compiled through archival research in Washington, DC. Using a gravity model and synthetic controls, it finds that FIRC produces an average decrease of 45 per cent in the dollar value of bilateral trade. Further analysis of archival sector-level data and case studies cast doubt on alternate explanations.

Biochar Utilization in Poyang Lake Eco-Economic Zone: Chances and Difficulties

2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 347-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih Chun Kung
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poyang Lake ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Government Subsidy ◽  
Feasible Method ◽  
Gains And Losses ◽  
And Storage

The Poyang Lake Eco-Economics Zone includes 38 counties where 25 relatively poor counties are close to the lake. The country has been helping those rural areas and enhancing farmers’ living standard for many years, however, due to the historical, geographical, climatic reasons, farmers’ living standards do not have significant improvement so far. In addition to government subsidy, another way to enhance farmers’ income is to encourage of bioenergy production in a form of biochar/pyrolysis. Biochar/pyrolysis is a feasible method to produce clean and renewable energy along with substantial environmental and economic benefits such as increase in farmer’s revenue. However, there are also difficulties in its application due to transportation, feedstock collection, and storage. However, there need further investigation to quantify the gains and losses of pyrolysis/biochar technology.

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