scholarly journals Precision cooking for printed foods via multiwavelength lasers

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan David Blutinger ◽  
Alissa Tsai ◽  
Erika Storvick ◽  
Gabriel Seymour ◽  
Elise Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Blue Laser ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Food Supply Chains ◽  
Nir Light ◽  
Multiwavelength Lasers ◽  
Cooking Process ◽  
Cooking Energy ◽  
Food Design

AbstractAdditive manufacturing of food is a method of creating three-dimensional edible products layer-by-layer. While food printers have been in use since 2007, commercial cooking appliances to simultaneously cook and print food layers do not yet exist. A key challenge has been the spatially controlled delivery of cooking energy. Here, we explore precision laser cooking which offers precise temporal and spatial control over heat delivery and the ability to cook, broil, cut and otherwise transform food products via customized software-driven patterns, including through packaging. Using chicken as a model food, we combine the cooking capabilities of a blue laser (λ = 445 nm), a near-infrared (NIR) laser (λ = 980 nm), and a mid-infrared (MIR) laser (λ = 10.6 μm) to broil printed chicken and find that IR light browns more efficiently than blue light, NIR light can brown and cook foods through packaging, laser-cooked foods experience about 50% less cooking loss than foods broiled in an oven, and calculate the cooking resolution of a laser to be ~1 mm. Infusing software into the cooking process will enable more creative food design, allow individuals to more precisely customize their meals, disintermediate food supply chains, streamline at-home food production, and generate horizontal markets for this burgeoning industry.

scholarly journals Precision cooking for printed foods via multi-wavelength lasers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Blutinger ◽  
Alissa Tsai ◽  
Erika Storvick ◽  
Gabriel Seymour ◽  
Elise Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Blue Laser ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Food Supply Chains ◽  
Nir Light ◽  
Cooking Process ◽  
Multi Wavelength ◽  
Cooking Energy ◽  
Food Design

Abstract Additive manufacturing of food is a method of creating three-dimensional edible products layer-by-layer. While food printers have been in use since 2007, precision cooking appliances to simultaneously cook and print food layers do not yet exist. A key challenge has been the spatially controlled delivery of cooking energy. Here, we explore precision laser cooking which offers precise temporal and spatial control over heat delivery and the ability to cook, broil, cut and otherwise transform food products via customized software-driven patterns, including through packaging. Using chicken as a model food, we combine the cooking capabilities of a blue laser (λ = 445 nm), a near-infrared (NIR) laser (λ = 980 nm), and a mid-infrared (MIR) laser (λ = 10.6 µm) to broil printed chicken and find that IR light browns more efficiently than blue light, NIR light can brown and cook foods through packaging, laser-cooked foods experience about 50% less cooking loss than foods broiled in an oven, and calculate the cooking resolution of a laser to be approximately 1 mm. Infusing software into the cooking process will enable more creative food design, allow individuals to more precisely customize their meals, disintermediate food supply chains, streamline at-home food production, and generate horizontal markets for this burgeoning industry.

Prototyping of three-dimensional photonic crystal structures using electron-beam lithography

2004 ◽  
Vol 846 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Subramania ◽  
J. M. Rivera
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Electron Beam Lithography ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Photonic Band Gap ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Photonic Devices ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Photonic Band Gap Structure ◽  
Band Gap Structure

ABSTRACTWe demonstrate the fabrication of a three-dimensional woodpile photonic crystal in the near-infrared regime using a layer-by-layer approach involving electron-beam lithography and spin-on-glass planarization. Using this approach we have shown that we can make structures with lattice spacings as small as 550 nm with silicon as well as gold thus allowing for fabrication of photonic crystals with omnidirectional gap in the visible and near-IR. As a proof of concept we performed optical reflectivity and transmission measurements on a silicon structure which reveal peaks and valleys expected for a photonic band gap structure. The approach described here can be scaled down to smaller lattice constants (down to ∼400 nm) and can also be used with a variety of materials (dielectric and metallic) thus enabling rapid prototyping full three-dimensional photonic bandgap based photonic devices in the visible.

Interface coassembly of mesoporous MoS2 based-frameworks for enhanced near-infrared light driven photocatalysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (38) ◽  
pp. 6431-6434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihua Zhi ◽  
Haoli Zhang ◽  
Zhengyin Yang ◽  
Weisheng Liu ◽  
Baodui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Direct Arylation ◽  
Near Infrared Light ◽  
Nir Light ◽  
Hybrid Framework ◽  
First Time

The three-dimensional porous Fe3O4@Cu2−xS–MoS2 framework is reported for the first time. Such a hybrid framework exhibits excellent NIR-light photocatalytic activity and stable cycling for the direct arylation of heteroaromatics at room temperature.

scholarly journals PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A NEAR-INFRARED LIGHT RESPONSIVE MICROCAPSULE SYSTEM FOR CANCER THERAPY

2014 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. 1350037 ◽  
Author(s):  
YINGFENG DI ◽  
SISI CUI ◽  
YUEQING GU
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Gold Nanorods ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Near Infrared Light ◽  
Nir Light ◽  
Alternative Material ◽  
Confocal Fluorescence Imaging

A novel near-infrared light responsive microcapsule system, gold nanorod-covered DOX-loaded hollow CaCO 3 microcapsule ( AuNR -HM-DOX) is developed for cancer therapy. The hollow CaCO 3 microcapsules were prepared based on the self-assembly between chitosan and sodium alginate on CaCO 3 particles via layer-by-layer technique, and then covered with gold nanorods to obtain the microcapsule system. Upon near-infrared (NIR) irradiation, microcapsule with gold nanorods can convert the absorbed NIR light into heat. Meanwhile, doxorubicin (DOX), a chemotherapy drug, is loaded into the microcapsule system via electrostatic adsorption for combined photothermal therapy and chemotherapy. Properties of AuNR -HM-DOX including grain diameter, optical spectra were characterized. Confocal fluorescence imaging was performed to observe the morphology of the capsules and existence of DOX in the core, confirming the successful loading of DOX. The release of DOX from the capsules under continuous NIR irradiation was investigated to evaluate the temperature responsiveness of AuNR -HM-DOX. Results indicate that AuNR -HM-DOX microcapsules possess uniform particle size and high light responsiveness. The combination of chemical and physical therapy of AuNR -HM-DOX features great potential as an adjuvant therapeutic alternative material for combined cancer therapy.

Mapping microhabitat structure and connectivity on a tropical inselberg using UAV remote sensing

2020 ◽  
pp. 030913332096432
Author(s):  
Ángela Aristizábal-Botero ◽  
David Páez-Pérez ◽  
Emilio Realpe ◽  
Bram Vanschoenwinkel
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Nir Light ◽  
Microhabitat Structure

In the past decade, unoccupied aerial vehicles (UAVs or drones) have emerged as powerful tools for ecologists, and the quality and diversity of information they can reconstruct is increasing. Rocky outcrops or inselbergs are complex three-dimensional (3D) ecosystems with several spatial microhabitats that are difficult to characterize using ground-based methods. UAV-mounted cameras and photogrammetric software can be used to obtain 3D models of whole inselbergs with a spatial resolution of up to 4cm and small areas with a spatial resolution of up to 8mm. The shape and volume of eroded depressions and channels can be reconstructed. This allows simulation of the flow of rainwater that creates local differences in hydrological conditions and connectivity among microhabitats. By capturing the near-infrared (NIR) light spectrum, we mapped proxies of photosynthetic activity. This revealed that the microphytic crusts of tropical inselbergs can have higher values of potential photosynthetic activity than the vegetation on the rock. Overall, we show that in systems where the major ecological gradients depend on the 3D structure of the landscape, drone imaging can help to reconstruct spatial variation in microhabitat structure, including proxies for habitat quality and connectivity.

Urban energetics applications and Geomatic technologies in a Smart City perspective

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bitelli ◽  
P. Conte ◽  
T. Csoknyai ◽  
E. Mandanici
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
City Management ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Research Areas

The management of an urban context in a Smart City perspective requires the development of innovative projects, with new applications in multidisciplinary research areas. They can be related to many aspects of city life and urban management: fuel consumption monitoring, energy efficiency issues, environment, social organization, traffic, urban transformations, etc. Geomatics, the modern discipline of gathering, storing, processing, and delivering digital spatially referenced information, can play a fundamental role in many of these areas, providing new efficient and productive methods for a precise mapping of different phenomena by traditional cartographic representation or by new methods of data visualization and manipulation (e.g. three-dimensional modelling, data fusion, etc.). The technologies involved are based on airborne or satellite remote sensing (in visible, near infrared, thermal bands), laser scanning, digital photogrammetry, satellite positioning and, first of all, appropriate sensor integration (online or offline). The aim of this work is to present and analyse some new opportunities offered by Geomatics technologies for a Smart City management, with a specific interest towards the energy sector related to buildings. Reducing consumption and CO2 emissions is a primary objective to be pursued for a sustainable development and, in this direction, an accurate knowledge of energy consumptions and waste for heating of single houses, blocks or districts is needed. A synoptic information regarding a city or a portion of a city can be acquired through sensors on board of airplanes or satellite platforms, operating in the thermal band. A problem to be investigated at the scale A problem to be investigated at the scale of the whole urban context is the Urban Heat Island (UHI), a phenomenon known and studied in the last decades. UHI is related not only to sensible heat released by anthropic activities, but also to land use variations and evapotranspiration reduction. The availability of thermal satellite sensors is fundamental to carry out multi-temporal studies in order to evaluate the dynamic behaviour of the UHI for a city. Working with a greater detail, districts or single buildings can be analysed by specifically designed airborne surveys. The activity has been recently carried out in the EnergyCity project, developed in the framework of the Central Europe programme established by UE. As demonstrated by the project, such data can be successfully integrated in a GIS storing all relevant data about buildings and energy supply, in order to create a powerful geospatial database for a Decision Support System assisting to reduce energy losses and CO2 emissions. Today, aerial thermal mapping could be furthermore integrated by terrestrial 3D surveys realized with Mobile Mapping Systems through multisensor platforms comprising thermal camera/s, laser scanning, GPS, inertial systems, etc. In this way the product can be a true 3D thermal model with good geometric properties, enlarging the possibilities in respect to conventional qualitative 2D images with simple colour palettes. Finally, some applications in the energy sector could benefit from the availability of a true 3D City Model, where the buildings are carefully described through three-dimensional elements. The processing of airborne LiDAR datasets for automated and semi-automated extraction of 3D buildings can provide such new generation of 3D city models.

Catalyst Halogenation Enables Rapid and Efficient Polymerizations with Visible to Near-Infrared Light

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Stafford ◽  
Dowon Ahn ◽  
Emily Raulerson ◽  
Kun-You Chung ◽  
Kaihong Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Transient Absorption ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Structure Property Relationships ◽  
Nir Light ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Emission Quenching

Driving rapid polymerizations with visible to near-infrared (NIR) light will enable nascent technologies in the emerging fields of bio- and composite-printing. However, current photopolymerization strategies are limited by long reaction times, high light intensities, and/or large catalyst loadings. Improving efficiency remains elusive without a comprehensive, mechanistic evaluation of photocatalysis to better understand how composition relates to polymerization metrics. With this objective in mind, a series of methine- and aza-bridged boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) derivatives were synthesized and systematically characterized to elucidate key structure-property relationships that facilitate efficient photopolymerization driven by visible to NIR light. For both BODIPY scaffolds, halogenation was shown as a general method to increase polymerization rate, quantitatively characterized using a custom real-time infrared spectroscopy setup. Furthermore, a combination of steady-state emission quenching experiments, electronic structure calculations, and ultrafast transient absorption revealed that efficient intersystem crossing to the lowest excited triplet state upon halogenation was a key mechanistic step to achieving rapid photopolymerization reactions. Unprecedented polymerization rates were achieved with extremely low light intensities (< 1 mW/cm<sup>2</sup>) and catalyst loadings (< 50 μM), exemplified by reaction completion within 60 seconds of irradiation using green, red, and NIR light-emitting diodes.

Bi19S27I3 nanorods: a new candidate for photothermal therapy in the first and second biological near-infrared windows

Nanoscale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinsong Xiong ◽  
Qinghuan Bian ◽  
Shuijin Lei ◽  
Yatian Deng ◽  
Kehan Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Photothermal Therapy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Research Interest ◽  
The Past ◽  
Nir Light ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
Key Factor

Near-infrared (NIR) light induced photothermal cancer therapy using nanomaterials as photothermal agents has attracted considerable research interest over the past few years. As the key factor in the photothermal therapy...

scholarly journals 3D Printing of High Viscosity Reinforced Silicone Elastomers

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 2239
Author(s):  
Nicholas Rodriguez ◽  
Samantha Ruelas ◽  
Jean-Baptiste Forien ◽  
Nikola Dudukovic ◽  
Josh DeOtte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Performance ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Silicone Elastomers ◽  
Uv Curable ◽  
Octet Truss ◽  
Tunable Mechanical Properties

Recent advances in additive manufacturing, specifically direct ink writing (DIW) and ink-jetting, have enabled the production of elastomeric silicone parts with deterministic control over the structure, shape, and mechanical properties. These new technologies offer rapid prototyping advantages and find applications in various fields, including biomedical devices, prosthetics, metamaterials, and soft robotics. Stereolithography (SLA) is a complementary approach with the ability to print with finer features and potentially higher throughput. However, all high-performance silicone elastomers are composites of polysiloxane networks reinforced with particulate filler, and consequently, silicone resins tend to have high viscosities (gel- or paste-like), which complicates or completely inhibits the layer-by-layer recoating process central to most SLA technologies. Herein, the design and build of a digital light projection SLA printer suitable for handling high-viscosity resins is demonstrated. Further, a series of UV-curable silicone resins with thiol-ene crosslinking and reinforced by a combination of fumed silica and MQ resins are also described. The resulting silicone elastomers are shown to have tunable mechanical properties, with 100–350% elongation and ultimate tensile strength from 1 to 2.5 MPa. Three-dimensional printed features of 0.4 mm were achieved, and complexity is demonstrated by octet-truss lattices that display negative stiffness.

scholarly journals Electromechanically reconfigurable optical nano-kirigami

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanshan Chen ◽  
Zhiguang Liu ◽  
Huifeng Du ◽  
Chengchun Tang ◽  
Chang-Yin Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Large Range ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Contrast ◽  
Si Substrate ◽  
High Modulation ◽  
Gold Nanostructure ◽  
Infrared Wavelengths ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Nano Electromechanical System

AbstractKirigami, with facile and automated fashion of three-dimensional (3D) transformations, offers an unconventional approach for realizing cutting-edge optical nano-electromechanical systems. Here, we demonstrate an on-chip and electromechanically reconfigurable nano-kirigami with optical functionalities. The nano-electromechanical system is built on an Au/SiO2/Si substrate and operated via attractive electrostatic forces between the top gold nanostructure and bottom silicon substrate. Large-range nano-kirigami like 3D deformations are clearly observed and reversibly engineered, with scalable pitch size down to 0.975 μm. Broadband nonresonant and narrowband resonant optical reconfigurations are achieved at visible and near-infrared wavelengths, respectively, with a high modulation contrast up to 494%. On-chip modulation of optical helicity is further demonstrated in submicron nano-kirigami at near-infrared wavelengths. Such small-size and high-contrast reconfigurable optical nano-kirigami provides advanced methodologies and platforms for versatile on-chip manipulation of light at nanoscale.

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