scholarly journals Directional wave buoy data measured near Campbell Island, New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter McComb ◽  
Sally Garrett ◽  
Tom Durrant ◽  
Jorge Perez
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Satellite Telemetry ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Satellite Altimeter ◽  
Wave Observation ◽  
Directional Wave ◽  
Buoy Data ◽  
Campbell Island ◽  
Permanent Wave

AbstractThe New Zealand Defence Force (NZDF) has established a permanent wave observation station near Campbell Island, south of New Zealand (52 45.71 S, 169 02.54E). The site was chosen for logistical convenience and its unique location adjacent to the highly energetic Southern Ocean; allowing instrumentation typically deployed on the continental shelf to be used in this rarely observed southern environment. From February 2017, a Triaxys Directional Wave Buoy was moored in 147 m depth, some 17 km to the south of the island, with satellite telemetry of the 2D wave spectra at 3-hourly intervals. To date there have been three deployments on locations, yielding some 784 days of data. Validation of the measured significant wave height against co-located satellite altimeter observations suggests that the predominant wave directions are not attenuated by the island. The data provide a valuable record of the detailed wave spectral characteristics from one of the least-sampled parts of the Global Ocean.

New Zealand sub-Antarctic phytoliths and their potential for past vegetation reconstruction

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa C. Thorn
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Ecosystem Development ◽  
Grassland Ecosystem ◽  
Vegetation Reconstruction ◽  
Geological Past ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Campbell Island

AbstractPhytoliths in the modern vegetation of sub-Antarctic Campbell Island are compared with those in the soil beneath to assess the accuracy of vegetation reconstructions made from dispersed phytolith assemblages. The soil phytoliths alone suggest the source vegetation is a grassland association for all study sites, which reflects none of the herb, fern or shrub component of the overlying vegetation. It is concluded that at this locality dispersed phytoliths on their own are not reliable indicators of source vegetation and should be used with caution in this context for palaeoecological studies. However, they can provide useful botanical information where all other organic material is absent. With further research, based on the abundance and diversity of Poaceae phytoliths observed in this and other studies, dispersed phytoliths from the fossil record have the potential to contribute significantly to the understanding of grassland ecosystem development in the geological past.

Wave Energy Resource Assessment Using Satellite Altimeter Data

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ed Mackay ◽  
AbuBakr Bahaj ◽  
Chris Retzler ◽  
Peter Challenor
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
Significant Wave Height ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Resource Assessment ◽  
Altimeter Data ◽  
Energy Converter ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Satellite Altimeter ◽  
Buoy Data ◽  
Satellite Altimeter Data

The use of altimeter measurements of significant wave height and energy period for quantifying wave energy resource is investigated. A new algorithm for calculating wave period from altimeter data, developed by the authors in previous work, is used to estimate the power generated by the Pelamis wave energy converter and compared to estimates from collocated buoy data. In offshore locations accurate estimates of monthly and annual mean power can be achieved by combining measurements from six altimeter missions. Furthermore, by averaging along sections of the altimeter ground track, we demonstrate that it is possible to gauge the spatial variability in nearshore areas, with a resolution of the order of 10 km. Although measurements along individual tracks are temporally sparse, with TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason on a 10 day repeat orbit, GFO 17 days, and ERS-2 and ENVISAT 35 days, the long record of altimeter measurements means that multi-year mean power from single tracks are of a useful accuracy.

New Species of Mosses from Campbell Island, New Zealand

1971 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale H. Vitt
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Campbell Island

Endophragmiella pinicola. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Minter
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Myriophyllum Spicatum ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Picea Sitchensis ◽  
Taxus Cuspidata ◽  
Cedrus Deodara ◽  
Pinus Montezumae ◽  
Campbell Island

Abstract A description is provided for Endophragmiella pinicola, which colonies are found on dead decaying leaves, twigs and cones of conifers, occasionally on other substrata, very often in association with other fungi, effuse, greyish-brown. Information is included on geographical distribution (USA (Alabama, Kentucky and Tennessee), Campbell Island, India (Himachal Pradesh), New Zealand, Czech Republic, France, UK and Ireland), hosts (Abies alba, Cedrus deodara, Myriophyllum spicatum, Picea sitchensis, Picea sp., Pinus montezumae, P. nigra, P. radiata, P. sylvestris, P. thunbergii, P. torreyana, Pinus sp. and Taxus cuspidata), biology and conservation status.

Calibration and Cross Validation of Global Ocean Wind Speed Based on Scatterometer Observations

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agustinus Ribal ◽  
Ian R. Young
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
High Wind ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Buoy Data ◽  
Ocean Wind

AbstractGlobal ocean wind speed observed from seven different scatterometers, namely, ERS-1, ERS-2, QuikSCAT, MetOp-A, OceanSat-2, MetOp-B, and Rapid Scatterometer (RapidScat) were calibrated against National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) data to form a consistent long-term database of wind speed and direction. Each scatterometer was calibrated independently against NDBC buoy data and then cross validation between scatterometers was performed. The total duration of all scatterometer data is approximately 27 years, from 1992 until 2018. For calibration purposes, only buoys that are greater than 50 km offshore were used. Moreover, only scatterometer data within 50 km of the buoy and for which the overpass occurred within 30 min of the buoy recording data were considered as a “matchup.” To carry out the calibration, reduced major axis (RMA) regression has been applied where the regression minimizes the size of the triangle formed by the vertical and horizontal offsets of the data point from the regression line and the line itself. Differences between scatterometer and buoy data as a function of time were investigated for long-term stability. In addition, cross validation between scatterometers and independent altimeters was also performed for consistency. The performance of the scatterometers at high wind speeds was examined against buoy and platform measurements using quantile–quantile (Q–Q) plots. Where necessary, corrections were applied to ensure scatterometer data agreed with the in situ wind speed for high wind speeds. The resulting combined dataset is believed to be unique, representing the first long-duration multimission scatterometer dataset consistently calibrated, validated and quality controlled.

scholarly journals Photobleaching as a factor controlling spectral characteristics of chromophoric dissolved organic matter in open ocean

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 7207-7217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Yamashita ◽  
Y. Nosaka ◽  
K. Suzuki ◽  
H. Ogawa ◽  
K. Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Open Ocean ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Spectral Slope ◽  
Subtropical Region ◽  
Subarctic Region

Abstract. Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) ubiquitously occurs in marine environments and plays a significant role in the marine biogeochemical cycles. Basin scale distributions of CDOM have recently been surveyed in the global ocean and indicate that quantity and quality of oceanic CDOM are mainly controlled by in situ production and photobleaching. However, factors controlling the spectral parameters of CDOM in the UV region, i.e., spectral slope of CDOM determined at 275–295 nm (S275–295) and the ratio of two spectral slope parameters (SR); the ratio of S275–295 to S350–400, have not been well documented. To evaluate the factor controlling the spectral characteristics of CDOM in the UV region in the open ocean, we determined the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of CDOM in the subarctic and subtropical surface waters (5–300 m) of the western North Pacific. Absorption coefficients at 320 nm in the subarctic region were higher than those in the subtropical region throughout surface waters, suggesting that magnitudes of photobleaching were different between the two regions. The values of S275–295 and SR were also higher in the subtropical region than the subarctic region. The dark microbial incubation showed biodegradation of DOM little affected S275–295, but slightly decreased SR. On the other hand, increases in S275–295 and relative stableness of SR were observed during photo-irradiation incubations respectively. These experimental results indicated that photobleaching of CDOM mainly induced qualitative differences in CDOM at UV region between the subarctic and subtropical surface waters. The results of this study imply that S275–295 can be used as a tracer of photochemical history of CDOM in the open ocean.

Revision of the genus Clinocera Meigen from Australia and New Zealand (Diptera : Empididae : Clinocerinae)

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley J. Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
Biogeographic Patterns ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Campbell Island

The Australian and New Zealand species of Clinocera Meigen are revised. Clinocera gressitti Smith is known from Campbell Island (New Zealand) and the following seven new species are recognised from eastern Australia: C. australiana, sp. nov., C. bickeli, sp. nov., C. irrorata, sp. nov., C. monticola, sp. nov., C. queenslandica, sp. nov., C. rubriventris, sp. nov. and C. spinosa, sp. nov. All species are described and illustrated. A key to species of Clinocera from Australia and New Zealand is provided and phylogenetic relationships and biogeographic patterns are discussed.

scholarly journals Validation of Sentinel-3A/3B and Jason-3 Altimeter Wind Speeds and Significant Wave Heights Using Buoy and ASCAT Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 2079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jungang Yang ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Yongjun Jia ◽  
Chenqing Fan ◽  
Wei Cui
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Waves ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Significant Wave ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Wave Heights ◽  
Buoy Data ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Moored Buoy ◽  
Better Than

This study validated wind speed (WS) and significant wave height (SWH) retrievals from the Sentinel-3A/3B and Jason-3 altimeters for the period of data beginning 31 October 2019 (to 18 September 2019 for Jason-3) using moored buoy data and satellite Meteorological Operational Satellite Program (MetOp-A/B) Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) data. The spatial and temporal scales of the collocated data were 25 km and 30 min, respectively. The statistical metrics of root mean square error (RMSE), bias, correlation coefficient (R), and scatter index (SI) were used to validate the WS and SWH accuracy. Validation of WS against moored buoy data indicated errors of 1.19 m/s, 1.13 m/s and 1.29 m/s for Sentinel-3A, Sentinel-3B and Jason-3, respectively. The accuracy of Sentinel-3A/3B WS is better than that of Jason-3. All three altimeters underestimated WS slightly in comparison with the buoy data. Errors in WS at different speeds or SWHs increased slightly as WS or SWH increased. Over time, the accuracy of the Jason-3 altimeter-derived WS improved, whereas that of Sentinel-3A showed no temporal dependence. The WSs of the three altimeters were compared with ASCAT wind data for validation purposes over the global ocean without in situ measurements. On average, the WSs of the three altimeters were lower in comparison with the ASCAT data. The accuracy of the three altimeters was found to be consistent and stable at low/medium speeds but it decreased when the WS exceeded 15 m/s. Validations of SWH against buoy wave data indicated that the accuracy of Jason-3 SWH was better than that of Sentinel-3A/3B. However, the accuracy of all three altimeters decreased when the SWH exceeded 4 m. The accuracy of Sentinel-3A and Jason-3 SWH was temporally stable, whereas that of Sentinel-3B SWH improved over time. Analyses of SWH accuracy as a function of wave period showed that the Jason-3 altimeter was better than the Sentinel-3A/3B altimeters for long-period ocean waves. Generally, the accuracy of WS and SWH data derived by the Sentinel-3A/3B and Jason-3 altimeters satisfies their mission requirements. Overall, the accuracy of WS (SWH) derived by Sentinel-3A/3B (Jason-3) is better than that retrieved by Jason-3 (Sentinel-3A/3B).

Grey petrel population on Campbell Island 14 years after rodent eradication

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham C. Parker ◽  
Kalinka Rexer-Huber ◽  
David Thompson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Population Estimate ◽  
Population Estimates ◽  
Commercial Fisheries ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Incidental Capture ◽  
Rodent Eradication ◽  
Campbell Island ◽  
Future Population

AbstractPopulations of grey petrels have declined globally due to both incidental capture in commercial fisheries and predation by introduced mammals at breeding sites. In the New Zealand region, grey petrels only breed on Campbell and Antipodes islands. Rats were successfully eradicated from Campbell Island in 2001. We assessed the spatial extent and conducted the first quantitative population estimate of the grey petrel population on Campbell Island and surrounding islets. There was an estimated c. 96 pairs (95% CI: 83, 109) of breeding grey petrels from the four colonies. Since work was conducted during the middle of the chick-rearing stage, this is an underestimate of the breeding population. The Campbell Island grey petrel breeding population remains small. Our study provides a baseline for future population estimates of grey petrels on Campbell Island.

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