Transcriptomics analysis of host liver and meta-transcriptome analysis of rumen epimural microbial community in young calves treated with artificial dosing of rumen content from adult donor cow

This study aimed to investigate the changes in abomasum transcriptome and the associated microbial community structure in young calves with artificially dosed, adult rumen contents. Eight young bull calves were randomly dosed with freshly extracted rumen contents from an adult cow (high efficiency (HE), n = 4), or sterilized rumen content (Con, n = 4). The dosing was administered within 3 days of birth, then at 2, 4, and 6 weeks following the initial dosing. Abomasum tissues were collected immediately after sacrifice at 8 weeks of age. Five genera (Tannerella, Desulfovibrio, Deinococcus, Leptotrichia, and Eubacterium; P < 0.05) showed significant difference in abundance between the treatments. A total of 975 differentially expressed genes were identified (P < 0.05, fold-change > 1.5, mean read-counts > 5). Pathway analysis indicated that up-regulated genes were involved in immune system process and defense response to virus, while the down-regulated genes involved in ion transport, ATP biosynthetic process, and mitochondrial electron transport. Positive correlation (r > 0.7, P < 0.05) was observed between TRPM4 gene and Desulfovibrio, which was significantly higher in the HE group. TRPM4 had a reported role in the immune system process. In conclusion, the dosing of adult rumen contents to calves can alter not only the composition of active microorganisms in the abomasum but also the molecular mechanisms in the abomasum tissue, including reduced protease secretion and decreased hydrochloric acid secretion.

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Influence of the artificial sodium saccharin sweetener Sucram® on the microbial community composition in the rumen content and attached to the rumen epithelium in dairy cattle: A pilot study

10.1101/2020.05.22.110429 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lucas R. Koester ◽

Chiron J. Anderson ◽

Bienvenido W. Cortes ◽

Mark Lyte ◽

Stephan Schmitz-Esser

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Dairy Cattle ◽

Microbial Communities ◽

Microbial Community Composition ◽

Rumen Content ◽

Artificial Sweeteners ◽

Rumen Epithelium ◽

Sodium Saccharin ◽

Animal Growth ◽

And Performance

AbstractThe products of rumen microbial fermentations are considered essential for animal growth and performance. Changes in these microbial communities can have major effects on animal growth and performance. Saccharin-based artificial sweeteners can be included in livestock diets to increase palatability and encourage feed intake. Despite the importance of the rumen microbial fermentation, little or no research is available regarding how saccharin-based artificial sweeteners affect rumen content and rumen epithelial microbial communities. The aim of this study was to identify changes in both the rumen content and rumen epithelial microbial communities in response to the supplementation of Sucram®, a sodium-saccharin-based sweetener (Pancosma S.A./ADM Groups, Rolle, Switzerland) during standard, non-stress conditions using 16SrRNA gene amplicon sequencing.The rumen epithelial and rumen content microbiota of five Holstein-Friesian milking dairy cattle were compared before (baseline, BL) and after a 28-day supplementation of Sucram®. Illumina MiSeq-based 16S rRNA gene sequencing was conducted, and community analysis revealed significant changes in the abundance of specific phylotypes when comparing BL to Sucram® experimental groups. Sucram® did not have a significant effect on overall rumen microbial community structure between experimental groups. Statistically significant changes in microbial community composition following Sucram® supplementation were observed most consistently across a number of bacterial taxa in the rumen epithelium, while fewer changes were seen in the rumen content. Predicted genomic potentials of several significantly different OTUs were mined for genes related to feed efficiency and saccharin degradation. Operational taxonomic units (OTUs) classified as Prevotella and Sharpea were significantly (p<0.05) increased in samples supplemented with Sucram®, whereas a reduction in abundance was seen for OTUs classified as Treponema, Leptospiraceae, Ruminococcus and methanogenic archaea. This is the first study to report an effect of Sucram® on ruminant microbial communities, suggesting possible beneficial impacts of Sucram® on animal health and performance that may extend beyond increasing feed palatability.

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69 The ability of an artificial sweetener (Sucram®) to influence microbial community structure in the rumen papillae and content through the production of microbial-based neurochemicals

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz258.208 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 100-101

Author(s):

Mark Lyte ◽

Lucas Koester ◽

Stephan Schmitz-Esser

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Microbial Communities ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Rumen Content ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Artificial Sweetener ◽

Rumen Microbes ◽

Host Physiology ◽

Methane Reduction

Abstract The study of microorganisms to produce and utilize neurochemical signaling molecules that interact with the host is the emerging field known as microbial endocrinology. Production of these molecules can be regulated by several different environmental factors, including diet. The effect of artificial sweeteners on ruminant gastrointestinal tract microbiota and the ability of individual members to produce neurochemicals that may determine community composition and affect host physiology are unknown. To analyze whether an artificial sweetener (Sucram®, Pancosma, Switzerland) affects rumen content (RC) and rumen papillae (RP) microbiota, six fistulated, lactating Holstein cows were sampled before (baseline) and after exposure to Sucram®. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was conducted to identify Sucram®-induced microbial community changes. Additionally, ex vivo microbial cultures were used to identify neurochemical production in RP bacteria. Exposure to Sucram significantly increased the abundance of Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) belonging to Ruminobacter, Prevotella, Sharpea, Ruminococcus and Rikenella on the RP. These organisms have been reported to aid in digestion of feedstuffs and methane reduction, suggesting that Sucram® may induce beneficial shifts in rumen microbial communities. To gain preliminary insight into neurochemical production of RP microorganisms, we tested four different Lactobacillus isolates from RP for neurochemical production. We observed that the neurochemicals DOPAC (3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid) and L-DOPA (L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) were produced by three and four isolates, respectively. Ongoing experiments are evaluating the effects of Sucram® on neurochemical production in a larger number of rumen microbes. Overall, we observed significant differences in OTU abundance in response to the addition of Sucram®. Additionally, we confirmed that RP bacteria can produce neurochemicals. Both of these results are key to understanding how Sucram® modifies microbial communities within the rumen and possibly influences host physiology. Research into microbial endocrinology-based neurochemical signaling between rumen microbiota and their animal hosts may lead to advancement of livestock feed efficiency and welfare.

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PSI-10 Effects of a Moderate and Aggressive Implant Strategy on the Rumen Microbial Community in Steers

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa278.484 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽

pp. 269-269

Author(s):

Madison T Henniger ◽

Jim E Wells ◽

Kristin E Hales ◽

Amanda K Lindholm-Perry ◽

Harvey C Freetly ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Mixed Model ◽

Equal Opportunity ◽

Growth Traits ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Rumen Content ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Trenbolone Acetate ◽

Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽

Community Shifts

Abstract The effects of growth-promoting implant strategies have been well-defined in research for their ability to impact growth performance in beef cattle. Production-relevant microbiomes in the rumen have also been associated with growth traits. However, the role of implant strategies on the rumen microbiome is not understood. The objective was to determine if varying doses of implant hormones cause gain-associated ruminal microbial community shifts. To assess this, a completely randomized design was used and 336 fall-born steers from the germplasm evaluation population between 450–470 days of age at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center (Clay Center, NE) were divided into two treatment groups: 1) a moderate implant strategy of Revalor-IS (80 mg trenbolone acetate, 16 mg estradiol) followed by Revalor-S (120 mg trenbolone acetate, 24 mg estradiol) and 2) an aggressive implant strategy of Revalor-IS followed by Revalor-200 (200 mg trenbolone acetate, 20 mg estradiol). Steers were fed the same diet (57.0% dry-rolled corn, 30% wet distiller’s grains with solubles, 8.0% alfalfa hay, 4.25% supplement, and 0.75% urea, DM basis). Body weights were collected once per month with initial weights of 439.8 ± 43.1 kg. After implants were administered for 84 days, rumen content was collected via orogastric tubing. Samples were sequenced targeting bacterial V1-V3 16S rRNA gene regions, V3-V4 for archaea, and partial 18S rRNA gene of protozoa. Sequences were processed in R utilizing Phyloseq and analyzed with DESeq2 to test differential abundances. Production data between implant strategies were analyzed using a mixed model ANOVA (SASv9.4, Cary, NC). Alpha- and beta-diversity between strategies did not differ for bacteria, archaea, or protozoa (P > 0.05). Average daily gain was different (P = 0.01; 1.72 vs 1.66 ± 0.02 kg, aggressive vs moderate, respectively); however, large microbial community shifts were not associated implant strategy. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

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Comparison of rumen microbe taxa among wild and domestic ruminants

10.32469/10355/48708 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Tasia Marie Taxis

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Host Species ◽

Plant Material ◽

Rumen Content ◽

Phenotypic Traits ◽

Host Animal ◽

Domestic Ruminants ◽

Host Diet ◽

Rumen Microbe ◽

On Farm

Microbes that inhabit the rumen provide a diverse set of enzymes that degrade ingested plant material. Without microbes, ruminants could not survive. Our research has focused on identifying microbial taxa associated with environment and phenotypic traits of host animals in order to improve livestock production and efficiency. Rumen contents were collected from a total of 48 animals from five host species, both wild and domestic, consuming either a concentrate- or forage-based diet. The objectives of this study were to analyze the distribution of microbial taxa among host species and identify microbial taxa associated with host diet, species, and domestication status. DNA was extracted from rumen content and sequenced for identification of microbial taxa present within each host animal. The distribution of microbial taxa was similar among host species. Each host species contained a few highly abundant microbial taxa and many microbial taxa in lower abundance. As host species were added to the analysis, the total number of microbial taxa identified increased and the number of microbial taxa common among all host species decreased, supporting the existence of a core microbial community. In this study we identified 66, 73, and 23 microbial taxa that differed among host diet, species, and domestication status, respectively. While on farm implications are far from being offered, studies of the microbial community add to the breadth of knowledge and identify microbes associated with performance and efficiency of livestock.

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A peek in the micro-sized world: a review of design principles, engineering tools, and applications of engineered microbial community

Biochemical Society Transactions ◽

10.1042/bst20190172 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 399-409

Author(s):

Baizhen Gao ◽

Rushant Sabnis ◽

Tommaso Costantini ◽

Robert Jinkerson ◽

Qing Sun

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Microbial Communities ◽

Environmental Remediation ◽

Real Life ◽

Design Principles ◽

Microbial Interactions ◽

Potential Applications ◽

New Gene ◽

Global Biogeochemical Cycles ◽

Synthetic Microbial Communities

Microbial communities drive diverse processes that impact nearly everything on this planet, from global biogeochemical cycles to human health. Harnessing the power of these microorganisms could provide solutions to many of the challenges that face society. However, naturally occurring microbial communities are not optimized for anthropogenic use. An emerging area of research is focusing on engineering synthetic microbial communities to carry out predefined functions. Microbial community engineers are applying design principles like top-down and bottom-up approaches to create synthetic microbial communities having a myriad of real-life applications in health care, disease prevention, and environmental remediation. Multiple genetic engineering tools and delivery approaches can be used to ‘knock-in' new gene functions into microbial communities. A systematic study of the microbial interactions, community assembling principles, and engineering tools are necessary for us to understand the microbial community and to better utilize them. Continued analysis and effort are required to further the current and potential applications of synthetic microbial communities.

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