scholarly journals Lithium-ion Battery Thermal Safety by Early Internal Detection, Prediction and Prevention

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Li ◽  
Mihit H. Parekh ◽  
Ryan A. Adams ◽  
Thomas E. Adams ◽  
Corey T. Love ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Rise ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Current Collector ◽  
Thermal Runaway ◽  
Electrode Temperature ◽  
Exothermic Reactions ◽  
Electrode Current ◽  
Prediction And Prevention ◽  
Temperature Detector ◽  
Higher Temperature

Abstract Temperature rise in Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to solid electrolyte interfaces breakdown, uncontrollable exothermic reactions in electrodes and Joule heating can result in the catastrophic failures such as thermal runaway, which is calling for reliable real-time electrode temperature monitoring. Here, we present a customized LIB setup developed for early detection of electrode temperature rise during simulated thermal runaway tests incorporating a modern additive manufacturing-supported resistance temperature detector (RTD). An advanced RTD is embedded in a 3D printed polymeric substrate and placed behind the electrode current collector of CR2032 coin cells that can sustain harsh electrochemical operational environments (acidic electrolyte without Redox, short-circuiting, leakage etc.) without participating in electrochemical reactions. The internal RTD measured an average 5.8 °C higher temperature inside the cells than the external RTD with almost 10 times faster detection ability, prohibiting thermal runaway events without interfering in the LIBs’ operation. A temperature prediction model is developed to forecast battery surface temperature rise stemming from measured internal and external RTD temperature signatures.

scholarly journals Degradation Reactions in SONY-Type Li-Ion Batteries

1999 ◽  
Vol 575 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Peter Roth ◽  
G. Nagasubramanian
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Thermal Runaway ◽  
The State ◽  
State Of Charge ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Exothermic Reactions ◽  
Degradation Reactions ◽  
Lithium Ion Cells ◽  
Reaction Region ◽  
Charge Degree

ABSTRACTThermal instabilities were identified in SONY-type lithium-ion cells and correlated with interactions of cell constituents and reaction products. Three temperature regions of interaction were identified and associated with the state of charge (degree of Li intercalation) of the cell. Anodes were shown to undergo exothermic reactions as low as 100°C involving the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer and the LiPF6 salt in the electrolyte (EC:PC:DEC/LiPF6). These reactions could account for the thermal runaway observed in these cells beginning at 100°C. Exothermic reactions were also observed in the 200°C-300°C region between the intercalated lithium anodes, the LiPF6 salt, and the PVDF. These reactions were followed by a hightemperature reaction region, 300°C-400°C, also involving the PVDF binder and the intercalated lithium anodes. The solvent was not directly involved in these reactions but served as a moderator and transport medium. Cathode exothermic reactions with the PVDF binder were observed above 200°C and increased with the state of charge (decreasing Li content). This offers an explanation for the observed lower thermal runaway temperatures for charged cells.

scholarly journals High Resolution 3-D Simulations of Venting in 18650 Lithium-Ion Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weisi Li ◽  
Vanessa León Quiroga ◽  
K. R. Crompton ◽  
Jason K. Ostanek
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Current Collector ◽  
Thermal Runaway ◽  
Global Maximum ◽  
Collector Plate ◽  
Choked Flow ◽  
Velocity Magnitude ◽  
Lithium Ion Cell ◽  
Flow Through

High temperature gases released through the safety vent of a lithium-ion cell during a thermal runaway event contain flammable components that, if ignited, can increase the risk of thermal runaway propagation to other cells in a multi-cell pack configuration. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of flow through detailed geometric models of four vent-activated commercial 18650 lithium-ion cell caps were conducted using two turbulence modeling approaches: Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) and scale-resolving simulations (SRS). The RANS method was compared with independent experiments of discharge coefficient through the cap across a range of pressure ratios and then used to investigate the ensemble-averaged flow field for the four caps. At high pressure ratios, choked flow occurs either at the current collector plate when flow through the current collector plate is more restrictive or the positive terminal vent holes when flow through the current collector plate is less restrictive. Turbulent mixing occurred within the vent cap assembly, in the jets emerging from the vent holes, and in recirculating zones directly above the vent cap assembly. The global maximum turbulent viscosity ratio (μT/μ) of the MTI, LG MJ1, K2, and LG M36 caps at pressure ratio of P1/P2 = 7 were 4,575, 3,360, 3,855, and 2,993, respectively. SRS and RANS simulations showed that both velocity magnitude and fluctuating velocity magnitude were lower for vent holes which are obstructed by the burst disk. SRS showed high levels of fluctuating velocity in the jets, up to 48.5% of the global maximum velocity. The present CFD models and the resulting insights provide the groundwork for future studies to investigate how jet structure and turbulence levels influence combustion and heat transfer in propagating thermal runaway scenarios.

scholarly journals Experimental Analysis of Thermal Runaway in 18650 Cylindrical Li-Ion Cells Using an Accelerating Rate Calorimeter

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boxia Lei ◽  
Wenjiao Zhao ◽  
Carlos Ziebert ◽  
Nils Uhlmann ◽  
Magnus Rohde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Pressure Change ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
Thermal Runaway ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Accelerating Rate Calorimeter ◽  
Exothermic Reactions ◽  
Pressure Line ◽  
Pressure Changes

In this work commercial 18650 lithium-ion cells with LiMn2O4, LiFePO4 and Li(Ni0.33Mn0.33Co0.33)O2 cathodes were exposed to external heating in an Accelerating Rate Calorimeter (es-ARC, THT Company) to investigate the thermal behavior under abuse conditions. New procedures for measuring external and internal pressure change of cells were developed. The external pressure was measured utilizing a gas-tight cylinder inside the calorimeter chamber in order to detect venting of the cells. For internal pressure measurements, a pressure line connected to a pressure transducer was directly inserted into the cell. During the thermal runaway experiments, three stages (low rate, medium rate and high rate reaction) have been observed. Both pressure and temperature change indicated different stages of exothermic reactions, which produced gases or/and heat. The onset temperature of thermal runaway was estimated according to temperature and pressure changes. Moreover, the different activation energies for the exothermic reactions could be derived from Arrhenius plots.

In-Situ Lithium-Ion Batteries Thermal Runaway Detection and Overcharge Performance Analysis with Internal Resistance Temperature Detector

2020 ◽  
Vol MA2020-02 (6) ◽  
pp. 1062-1062
Author(s):  
Bing Li ◽  
Mihit Parekh ◽  
Manikandan Palanisamy ◽  
Thomas E. Adams ◽  
Vilas G. Pol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Internal Resistance ◽  
Thermal Runaway ◽  
Resistance Temperature Detector ◽  
Temperature Detector

scholarly journals Thermal runaway of Lithium-ion batteries employing LiN(SO2F)2-based concentrated electrolytes

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junxian Hou ◽  
Languang Lu ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Atsushi Ohma ◽  
Dongsheng Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Electrochemical Performance ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Thermal Runaway ◽  
Exothermic Reactions ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Design Philosophy ◽  
Concentrated Electrolytes ◽  
Battery Material

Abstract Concentrated electrolytes usually demonstrate good electrochemical performance and thermal stability, and are also supposed to be promising when it comes to improving the safety of lithium-ion batteries due to their low flammability. Here, we show that LiN(SO2F)2-based concentrated electrolytes are incapable of solving the safety issues of lithium-ion batteries. To illustrate, a mechanism based on battery material and characterizations reveals that the tremendous heat in lithium-ion batteries is released due to the reaction between the lithiated graphite and LiN(SO2F)2 triggered thermal runaway of batteries, even if the concentrated electrolyte is non-flammable or low-flammable. Generally, the flammability of an electrolyte represents its behaviors when oxidized by oxygen, while it is the electrolyte reduction that triggers the chain of exothermic reactions in a battery. Thus, this study lights the way to a deeper understanding of the thermal runaway mechanism in batteries as well as the design philosophy of electrolytes for safer lithium-ion batteries.

Heterogeneous current collector in lithium-ion battery for thermal-runaway mitigation

2017 ◽  
Vol 110 (8) ◽  
pp. 083902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Wang ◽  
Anh V. Le ◽  
Yang Shi ◽  
Daniel J. Noelle ◽  
Yu Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Current Collector ◽  
Thermal Runaway

In Situ Detecting Lithium-Ion Batteries Thermal Runaway with Resistance Temperature Detector

2020 ◽  
Vol MA2020-02 (65) ◽  
pp. 3293-3293
Author(s):  
Mihit H. Parekh ◽  
Bing Li ◽  
Manikandan Palanisamy ◽  
Thomas Adams ◽  
Vikas Tomar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Thermal Runaway ◽  
Resistance Temperature Detector ◽  
Temperature Detector

Experimental and numerical analysis to identify the performance limiting mechanisms in solid-state lithium cells under pulse operating conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (41) ◽  
pp. 22740-22755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei-Chin Pang ◽  
Yucang Hao ◽  
Monica Marinescu ◽  
Huizhi Wang ◽  
Mu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Lithium Batteries ◽  
Safety Concern ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Thermal Runaway ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Lithium Cells

Solid-state lithium batteries could reduce the safety concern due to thermal runaway while improving the gravimetric and volumetric energy density beyond the existing practical limits of lithium-ion batteries.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document