scholarly journals Association between impulsivity traits and body mass index at the observational and genetic epidemiology level

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Meyre ◽  
Sebat Mohamed ◽  
Joshua C. Gray ◽  
Jessica Weafer ◽  
James MacKillop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Epidemiology ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Research Assistants

AbstractWe investigated the association between impulsivity related traits and BMI at the observational and genetic epidemiology level in a cross-sectional population of healthy young American-European adults. We studied 998 students and university staff of European ancestry recruited from Chicago (Illinois) and Athens (Georgia). We measured 14 impulsivity variables using three broad categories: impulsive choice, action and personality. Weight and height of participants were measured by research assistants. The single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs3751812 in the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene was genotyped using the Illumina PsychArray BeadChip platform. Within the three broad domains of impulsivity, 4 parameters (delay discounting of rewards area under the curve and average of k indexes, Conner’s continuous performance test, and negative urgency) were associated with BMI. The FTO rs3751812 minor allele T was associated with higher BMI. Of the 14 impulsivity variables, rs3751812 T was associated with more premeditation and perseverance, before and after adjusting for BMI. The association between FTO rs3751812 and BMI adjusted for premeditation remained significant, but disappeared after adjusting for perseverance and for both perseverance and premeditation traits. Our observational and genetic data indicate a complex pattern of association between impulsive behaviors and BMI in healthy young American-European adults.

scholarly journals Effect of noise on fatigue: correlation between the subjective and objective indicators

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jalil Derakhshan ◽  
Majid Moatamedzadeh ◽  
Rostam Golmohammadi ◽  
Mohammad Babamiri ◽  
Maryam Farhadian
Keyword(s):  
Performance Test ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Fatigue Measurement ◽  
Objective Indicators

Introduction: Fatigue is the exhaustion of the body or spirit that can be caused by stress, excessive work, drug use, physical or mental illness. Fatigue is a factor in reducing productivity and incidents. Therefore, measuring fatigue is important. The aim of this study was to determine the fatigue measurement based on subjective and objective indices. Method: A cross-sectional study was performed on 120 male and female students. By simulating the real environment of each person in the 50 and 70dB pressure levels for 40 minutes, before and after exposure to noise, the amount of mental fatigue was measured using the subjective index Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and the objective index continuous performance test (CPT).  The results were analyzed using paired t-test and Spearman correlation coefficient in SPSS 20 software. Results: Measurement results with both self-declaration scale and continuous performance test showed that mental exhaustion  was increased significantly after exposure to the mentioned pressure level, but the results of two methods were not consistent with each other. Conclusion: Considering that the VAS self-declaration scale is a subjective method, it seems that the mismatch of the two methods is more related to the ineffectiveness of this scale. Therefore, it is suggested that re-examination has to be done with more precise methods such as electroencephalogram.

scholarly journals Higher dietary diversity is related to better visual and auditory sustained attention

2016 ◽  
Vol 115 (8) ◽  
pp. 1470-1480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farideh Shiraseb ◽  
Fereydoun Siassi ◽  
Mostafa Qorbani ◽  
Gity Sotoudeh ◽  
Reza Rostami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sports Clubs ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Effective Performance ◽  
The Mean

AbstractAttention is a complex cognitive function that is necessary for learning, for following social norms of behaviour and for effective performance of responsibilities and duties. It is especially important in sensitive occupations requiring sustained attention. Improvement of dietary diversity (DD) is recognised as an important factor in health promotion, but its association with sustained attention is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the association between auditory and visual sustained attention and DD. A cross-sectional study was carried out on 400 women aged 20–50 years who attended sports clubs at Tehran Municipality. Sustained attention was evaluated on the basis of the Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test using Integrated Visual and Auditory software. A single 24-h dietary recall questionnaire was used for DD assessment. Dietary diversity scores (DDS) were determined using the FAO guidelines. The mean visual and auditory sustained attention scores were 40·2 (sd35·2) and 42·5 (sd38), respectively. The mean DDS was 4·7 (sd1·5). After adjusting for age, education years, physical activity, energy intake and BMI, mean visual and auditory sustained attention showed a significant increase as the quartiles of DDS increased (P=0·001). In addition, the mean subscales of attention, including auditory consistency and vigilance, visual persistence, visual and auditory focus, speed, comprehension and full attention, increased significantly with increasing DDS (P<0·05). In conclusion, higher DDS is associated with better visual and auditory sustained attention.

Self-Reported Ancestry and Craniofacial SNPs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamar Afra ◽  
Michelle Hamilton ◽  
Bridget Algee-Hewitt
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Tissue Expression ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
Craniofacial Skeleton ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Model Based Clustering ◽  
The Face ◽  
White Sample ◽  
Population Affinity

Genotype-phenotype studies increasingly link single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) to the dimensions of the face for presumed homogeneous populations. To appreciate the significance of these findings, it is essential to investigate how these results differ between the genetic and phenotypic profiles of individuals. In prior work, we investigated the connection between SNPs previously identified as informative of soft tissue expression and measurements of the craniofacial skeleton. Using matched genetic and skeletal information on 17 individuals who self-identified as White with presumed common continental ancestry (European), we obtained significant Spearman correlations for 11 SNPs. In the present study, we looked at self-identified ancestry to understand the intersectional background of the individual’s phenotype and genotype. We integrated our samples within a diverse dataset of 2,242 modern Americans and applied an unsupervised model-based clustering routine to 13 craniometrics. We generated a mean estimate of 69.65% (±SD = 18%) European ancestry for the White sample under an unsupervised cluster model. We estimated higher quantities of European ancestry, 88.5%–93%, for our subset of 17 individuals. These elevated estimates were of interest with respect to the distribution of population-informative SNPs; we found, for example, that one of our sampled self-identified White individuals displayed SNPs commonly associated with Latin American populations. These results underscore the complex interrelationship between environment and genetics, and the need for continued research into connections between population affinity, social identity, and morphogenetic expression.

scholarly journals Peripheral Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Contactin-1 Levels in Patients with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang-Jen Wang ◽  
Chih-Ching Wu ◽  
Min-Jing Lee ◽  
Miao-Chun Chou ◽  
Sheng-Yu Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Drug Naïve

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) facilitates neuronal growth and plasticity, and is crucial for learning and memory. Contactin-1 (CNTN1) is a member of the subfamily of neural immunoglobulin and is involved in the formation of axon connections in the developing nervous system. This cross-sectional study investigates whether BDNF and CNTN1 affect susceptibility to attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A total of 136 drug-naïve patients with ADHD (108 boys and 28 girls) and 71 healthy controls (45 boys and 26 girls) were recruited. Blood samples were obtained to measure the plasma levels of BDNF and CNTN1 in each child. We found that BDNF levels in the ADHD boys exceeded those in the control boys, but BDNF levels in the ADHD girls were lower than those in the control girls. Boys who had higher BDNF levels performed worse on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children—Fourth Edition, but girls who had higher BDNF levels made fewer omission errors in the Conners’ Continuous Performance Test. However, CNTN1 level did not differ significantly between patients and controls, and were not correlated to ADHD characteristics, regardless of gender. The findings suggest BDNF may influence sex-specific susceptibility to ADHD, but CNTN1 was not associated with ADHD pathophysiology.

Continuous Performance Test Is Sensitive to a Single Methylphenidate Challenge in Preschool Children With ADHD

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Peskin ◽  
Eliane Sommerfeld ◽  
Yael Basford ◽  
Shlomit Rozen ◽  
Gil Zalsman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scales ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
Omission Errors

Objective: There is a lack of evidence-based diagnostic paradigms and personalized interventions for preschoolers with ADHD. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of preschoolers diagnosed with ADHD on a continuous performance test (CPT) before and after a single methylphenidate (MPH) challenge. Method: The Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA)—a CPT—was administered to 61 preschoolers (5.64 ± 0.69 years; 74% boys) with ADHD before and after a single MPH challenge (0.3 or 0.5 mg/kg). Baseline TOVA performance was correlated with Conners’ Rating Scales (CRS) and compared with post-MPH TOVA performance. Results: A high rate of omission errors and several significant correlations between TOVA values and CRS scores were found at baseline. A single MPH administration improved TOVA performance significantly and was well tolerated. Conclusion: TOVA assessment may assist in the evaluation of the effect of MPH in preschoolers with ADHD and may help in planning interventions for them.

The FTO rs17817449 Polymorphism is Not Associated With Sedentary Time, Physical Activity, or Cardiorespiratory Fitness: Findings From the GENADIO Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Miquel Martorell ◽  
Lorena Mardones ◽  
Fanny Petermann-Rocha ◽  
Maria Adela Martinez-Sanguinetti ◽  
Ana Maria Leiva-Ordoñez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Risk Allele ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Single Nucleotide

Background: Genetic variants within the FTO gene have been associated with increased adiposity and metabolic markers; however, there is limited evidence regarding the association of FTO gene variants with physical activity-related variables. The authors aimed to investigate the association of the rs17817449 single-nucleotide polymorphism of FTO with physical activity, sedentary time, and cardiorespiratory fitness in Chilean adults. Methods: A total of 409 participants from the GENADIO study were included and genotyped for the rs17817449 single-nucleotide polymorphism of FTO in this cross-sectional study. Physical activity and sedentary time were measured with ActiGraph accelerometers. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed using the Chester step test. The associations were assessed by using multivariate regression analyses. Results: No associations were found for FTO variant with physical activity levels and cardiorespiratory fitness. The risk allele (G) of the FTO was found to be associated with sedentary time in the minimally adjusted model (β = 19.7 min/d; 95% confidence interval, 4.0 to 35.5, per each copy of the risk allele; P = .006), but the association was no longer significant when body mass index was included as a confounder (P = .211). Conclusion: The rs17817449 single-nucleotide polymorphism of the FTO gene was not associated with the level of physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and sedentary behaviors in Chilean adults.

scholarly journals SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM OF TNFSF4 (RS2205960) OF SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS PATIENTS IN BANDUNG, INDONESIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
ANGELA APRILIA KARYADI ◽  
ERICA WILLY ◽  
GABRIEL BAGUS KENNARDI ◽  
MUHAMMAD SYAWAL PRATAMA ◽  
DESI RESKI FAJAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Objective: This study aimed to determine the genotype distribution of the TNFSF4 (Tumor Necrosis Factor Superfamily 4) gene rs2205960 in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) patients in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study; 84 genomic DNA samples were amplified, electrophoresed, then analyzed by DNA sequencing. Results: The genotype distribution of the TNFSF4 gene rs2205960 in SLE patients showed that from 84 DNA samples, 55 patients are GG (65.48%), 25 patients are GT (29.76%), and 4 patients are TT (4.76%). Conclusion: Results indicate that SLE patients in Bandung have a genotype distribution of the TNFSF4 rs2205960 gene that fulfills the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

A-26 ADHD and Neurocognitive Functioning Following Late or Moderate Preterm Birth

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1067-1067
Author(s):  
Heather Hennrick ◽  
Maggie Gindlesperger ◽  
Nora Coultis
Keyword(s):  
Performance Test ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Neurocognitive Functioning ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patients Âgés ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Neurocognitive Outcomes ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objective This study sought to broaden the findings of the current research on the relationship between late and moderate preterm (LAMP) birth and long-term neurocognitive outcomes, specifically those related to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). LAMP children were compared to term-born children on rates of ADHD prevalence and neurocognitive functioning. Method This cross-sectional study included 169 patients, ages 8–12 years, who completed neuropsychological evaluation; 30.2% were female, 37.87% identified with a non-White racial group, 36.7% were Medicaid, 18.34% had in-utero exposure to substances, 40.8% were LAMP, 9.47% were born following pre-eclampsia, 21.3% required intensive care at birth, and 51.5% had ADHD family history. Measures of intellectual functioning (IQ), attention, working memory (WM), executive functioning (EF), and processing speed were derived from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fifth Edition, Conners Continuous Performance Test, Second and Third Editions (CPT-2/CPT-3), Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System, and NEPSY, Second Edition. Results ADHD prevalence was similar between LAMP (79.7%) and term-born children (75%), as were neurocognitive outcomes. Interestingly, no significant differences in performance-based WM or EF were observed between those with and without ADHD; inattention (CPT-2/CPT-3 Omissions) was the only performance-based measure that was significantly higher among those with ADHD (M = 61.93, SD = 15.35) than those without (M = 54.31, SD = 11.27), t(165) = −3.38, p &lt; 0.01, 95% CI [−12.11, −3.13]. Conclusion(s) Prevalence of ADHD and measured neurocognitive outcomes were not significantly different between LAMP and term-born children. This affirms the multifactorial etiological pathways to ADHD and supports ADHD as a heterogenous neurocognitive presentation.

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