scholarly journals Zika virus infection in pregnancy and infant growth, body composition in the first three months of life: a cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Soares ◽  
Andrea D. Abranches ◽  
Letícia Villela ◽  
Sarah Lara ◽  
Daniele Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Infant Growth ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Birth Mothers ◽  
Arm Circumference ◽  
Virus Exposure ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Maternal Bmi ◽  
In Pregnancy

AbstractThe implications of Zika Virus exposure in pregnancy for early infant growth remains poorly described. The main goal of this study is to compare the growth, body composition, and feeding modality of infants in the first three months of life by prenatal Zika Virus exposure status. We selected an analytical cohort of 115 infants born without microcephaly, comprising 56 infants with qRT-PCR confirmed exposure to ZIKV during gestation and 59 infants born to women with presumptively no evidence of ZIKV in pregnancy. Infants were evaluated at birth, 1 and 3 months of age in terms of anthropometrics, body composition All the results were adjusted by maternal age, maternal BMI and gestational age. We observe no differences between anthropometric measurements at birth. Mothers in exposed group showed higher BMI. At 1 month and 3 months of age there were differences in mid arm circumference, arm muscle circumference and fat free mass. Weight and length was less in the ZIKV exposed in pregnancy infants and statistically different at 3 month of age. The findings of this investigation provide new evidence that ZIKV exposure in pregnancy may be associated with differences in body composition.

scholarly journals No Association between Glucocorticoid Diurnal Rhythm in Breastmilk and Infant Body Composition at 3 Months

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonneke Hollanders ◽  
Lisette Dijkstra ◽  
Bibian van der Voorn ◽  
Stefanie Kouwenhoven ◽  
Alyssa Toorop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Diurnal Rhythm ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Infant Growth ◽  
Body Growth ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Growth Trajectories ◽  
Air Displacement Plethysmography ◽  
Healthy Mother ◽  
Infant’S Growth

Objective: Glucocorticoids (GCs) in breastmilk have previously been associated with infant body growth and body composition. However, the diurnal rhythm of breastmilk GCs was not taken into account, and we therefore aimed to assess the associations between breastmilk GC rhythmicity at 1 month and growth and body composition at 3 months in infants. Methods: At 1 month postpartum, breastmilk GCs were collected over a 24-h period and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Body composition was measured using air-displacement plethysmography at 3 months. Length and weight were collected at 1, 2, and 3 months. Results: In total, 42 healthy mother–infant pairs were included. No associations were found between breastmilk GC rhythmicity (area-under-the-curve increase and ground, maximum, and delta) and infant growth trajectories or body composition (fat and fat free mass index, fat%) at 3 months. Conclusions: This study did not find an association between breastmilk GC rhythmicity at 1 month and infant’s growth or body composition at 3 months. Therefore, this study suggests that previous observations linking breastmilk cortisol to changes in infant weight might be flawed by the lack of serial cortisol measurements and detailed information on body composition.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic, Dietary and Health Determinants of Body Composition in Haitian School Children Aged 3–13 Years (P11-130-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clive Musonza ◽  
Sherlie Jean-Louis Dulience ◽  
Jacques Raymond Delnatus ◽  
Patricia Wolff ◽  
Aishwarya Nagar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
School Children ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Health Determinants ◽  
Thin Body ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Health Factors ◽  
Maternal Bmi

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to characterize socioeconomic, dietary and health factors associated with body composition of school-aged children in Cap-Haïtien, Haiti. Methods Baseline data from a cluster randomized controlled trial of children aged 3–13 years (n = 1084) to test the effectiveness of lipid-based nutrient supplement on anemia and other nutrition outcomes was used for this analysis. Anthropometric measures of height and weight were collected from the children using standard WHO protocols. Parent surveys provided information on household-level socioeconomic and demographic information and frequency of dietary intakes and infectious disease morbidities of the children. Body composition was determined using bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA). Equations, validated using deuterium dilution method in Gambian school children, were then used to derive fat mass (FM) and fat free mass (FFM). Multiple linear regression modeling identified factors associated with body composition. Results There were 43.7% of children categorized as moderately thin (body mass index (BMI) z score < -1). Mean percentage of FM was 7.8% (SD ± 3.5) and 11.9% (SD ± 4.9) while mean FM (kg) was 1.7kg (SD ± 0.8) and 3.1kg (SD ± 3.5) for thin children and those not thin, respectively. Child's age, ear infection in the last month and bread consumption were negatively associated with FM (%), whereas child's sex, maternal BMI, and toilet type used showed a positive relationship. FM (kg) was positively associated with child's age, sex, height-for-age z score, maternal BMI, house ownership and toilet type used. Models 1, 2, and 3 with BMI z score, FM (%) and FM (kg) as dependent variables respectively showed: [F(6, 773) = 16.2, β = –1.5, P < .001, (Adj. R2 = .11)], [F(6, 747) = 42.2, β = 2.7, P < .001, (Adj. R2 = .25)] and [F(6, 746) = 36.0, β = -2.7, P < .001, (Adj. R2 = .22)]. Conclusions This study provides evidence of socioeconomic, dietary and health factors associated with body composition in Haitian school-aged children, however more research is required to identify additional factors mediating this relationship. Funding Sources Supported by the USDA Foreign Agricultural Service Micronutrient Fortified Food Aid Products program FFE-521-2012/034-00, the Masters Research Fellows Program of the Brown School and E3 Nutrition Lab.

scholarly journals Anthropometry and body composition of south Indian babies at birth

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 896-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Muthayya ◽  
P Dwarkanath ◽  
T Thomas ◽  
M Vaz ◽  
A Mhaskar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Arm Circumference ◽  
Mid Upper Arm Circumference ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the consequences on body composition of increasing birth weight in Indian babies in relation to reported values in Western babies, and to assess the relationship between maternal and neonatal anthropometry and body composition.DesignProspective observational study.SettingBangalore City, India.SubjectsA total of 712 women were recruited at 12.5±3.1 weeks of gestation (mean±standard deviation, SD) and followed up until delivery; 14.5% were lost to follow-up. Maternal body weight, height, mid upper-arm circumference and skinfold thicknesses were measured at recruitment. Weight and body composition of the baby (skinfold thicknesses, mid upper-arm circumference, derived arm fat index and arm muscle index; AFI and AMI, respectively) were measured at birth in hospital.ResultsThe mean±SD birth weight of all newborns was 2.80±0.44 kg. Birth weight was significantly related to the triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness of the baby. In a small number of babies with large birth weight for gestational age, there was a relatively higher normalised AFI relative to AMI than for babies with lower or appropriate birth weight for gestational age. Maternal height and fat-free mass were significantly associated with the baby's length at birth.ConclusionsSkinfold thicknesses in Indian babies were similar to those reported in a Western population with comparable birth weights, and the relationship of AFI to birth weight appeared to be steeper in Indian babies. Thus, measures to increase birth weight in Indian babies should take into account possible adverse consequences on body composition. There were no significant relationships between maternal anthropometry and body composition at birth on multivariate analysis, except for sum of the baby's skinfold thicknesses and maternal fat-free mass (P<0.02).

scholarly journals Effect of birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding and growth in infancy on fat mass and fat free mass indices in early adolescence: an analysis of the Entebbe Mother and Baby Study (EMaBs) cohort

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Jonathan Nsamba ◽  
Swaib A. Lule ◽  
Benigna Namara ◽  
Christopher Zziwa ◽  
Hellen Akurut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Infant Growth ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Using Data

Background: There is limited data from Africa on the effect of pre- and post-natal growth and infant feeding on later body composition. This study's aim was to investigate the effect of birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding and infant growth on adolescent body composition, using data from a Ugandan birth cohort. Methods: Data was collected prenatally from pregnant women and prospectively from their resulting live offspring. Data on body composition (fat mass index [FMI] and fat free mass index [FFMI]) was collected from 10- and 11-year olds. Linear regression was used to assess the effect of birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding and infant growth on FMI and FFMI, adjusting for confounders. Results: 177 adolescents with a median age of 10.1 years were included in analysis, with mean FMI 2.9 kg/m2 (standard deviation (SD) 1.2), mean FFMI 12.8 kg/m2 (SD 1.4) and mean birth weight 3.2 kg (SD 0.5). 90 (50.9%) were male and 110 (63.2%) were exclusively breastfeeding at six weeks of age. Birth weight was associated with FMI in adolescence (regression coefficient β= 0.66 per kg increase in birth weight, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.04, 1.29), P=0.02), while exclusive breastfeeding (β= -0.43, 95% CI (-1.06, 0.19), P=0.12), growth 0-6 months (β= 0.24 95% CI (-0.43, 0.92), P=0.48) and growth 6-12 months (β= 0.61, 95% CI (-0.23, 1.46), P=0.11) were not associated with FMI among adolescents. Birth weight (β= 0.91, 95% CI (0.17, 1.65), P=0.01) was associated with FFMI in adolescence. Exclusive breastfeeding (β= 0.17, 95% CI (-0.60, 0.94), P=0.62), growth 0-6 months (β= 0.56, 95% CI (-0.20, 1.33), P= 0.10), and growth 6-12 months (β= -0.02, 95% CI (-1.02, 0.99), P=0.97) were not associated with FFMI. Conclusions: Birth weight predicted body composition parameters in Ugandan early adolescents, however, exclusive breastfeeding at six weeks of age and growth in infancy did not.

scholarly journals Zika virus exposure in pregnancy and its association with newborn visual anomalies and hearing loss

2018 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Peloggia ◽  
Moazzam Ali ◽  
Kavita Nanda ◽  
Luis Bahamondes
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Virus Exposure ◽  
In Pregnancy

scholarly journals Effect of birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding and growth in infancy on fat mass and fat free mass indices in early adolescence: an analysis of the Entebbe Mother and Baby Study (EMaBs) cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Jonathan Nsamba ◽  
Swaib A. Lule ◽  
Benigna Namara ◽  
Christopher Zziwa ◽  
Hellen Akurut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Infant Growth ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Using Data

Background: There is limited data from Africa on the effect of pre- and post-natal growth and infant feeding on later body composition. This study's aim was to investigate the effect of birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding and infant growth on adolescent body composition, using data from a Ugandan birth cohort. Methods: Data was collected prenatally from pregnant women and prospectively from their resulting live offspring. Data on body composition (fat mass index [FMI] and fat free mass index [FFMI]) was collected from 10- and 11-year olds. Linear regression was used to assess the effect of birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding and infant growth on FMI and FFMI, adjusting for confounders. Results: 177 adolescents with a median age of 10.1 years were included in analysis, with mean FMI 2.9 kg/m2 (standard deviation (SD) 1.2), mean FFMI 12.8 kg/m2 (SD 1.4) and mean birth weight 3.2 kg (SD 0.5). 90 (50.9%) were male and 110 (63.2%) were exclusively breastfeeding at six weeks of age. Birth weight was associated with FMI in adolescence (regression coefficient β= 0.66 per kg increase in birth weight, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.04, 1.29), P=0.02), while exclusive breastfeeding (β= -0.43, 95% CI (-1.06, 0.19), P=0.12), growth 0-6 months (β= 0.24 95% CI (-0.43, 0.92), P=0.48) and growth 6-12 months (β= 0.61, 95% CI (-0.23, 1.46), P=0.11) were not associated with FMI among adolescents. Birth weight (β= 0.91, 95% CI (0.17, 1.65), P=0.01) was associated with FFMI in adolescence. Exclusive breastfeeding (β= 0.17, 95% CI (-0.60, 0.94), P=0.62), growth 0-6 months (β= 0.56, 95% CI (-0.20, 1.33), P= 0.10), and growth 6-12 months (β= -0.02, 95% CI (-1.02, 0.99), P=0.97) were not associated with FFMI. Conclusions: Birth weight predicted body composition parameters in Ugandan early adolescents, however, exclusive breastfeeding at six weeks of age and growth in infancy did not.

scholarly journals Human Milk Composition Differs by Maternal BMI in the First 9 Months Postpartum

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1080-1080
Author(s):  
Clark Sims ◽  
Melissa Lipsmeyer ◽  
Donald Turner ◽  
Aline Andres
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Infant Growth ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Daily Intakes ◽  
Maternal Bmi

Abstract Objectives Recent studies indicate that human milk composition is modulated by maternal weight status; however, results are conflicting. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between maternal body composition and human milk macronutrients and bioactive components, as well as the association between infant daily intakes and infant body composition. Methods Human milk samples (N = 990) were obtained from a longitudinal study (NCT#0,113,1117) in normal weight (NW: 18.5–24.9 kg/m,2 N = 88) and overweight/obese (OW: 25–35 kg/m,2 N = 86) women between 0.5 and 9 months postpartum. Macronutrient content was estimated using mid-infrared spectroscopy (MIRIS AB). Leptin, insulin, C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α were measured using electrochemiluminescence immunoassays (Meso Scale Diagnostics). Infant body composition was obtained using quantitative magnetic resonance (Echo-MRI-AH). Linear mixed models adjusted for postpartum age and infant sex. Results Human milk was higher in fat and protein, and lower in carbohydrate content at only a few time points in OW compared to NW mothers. Human milk leptin and insulin concentrations were higher in OW mothers throughout lactation and CRP content differed at most time points compared to NW mothers. Similar results were observed when concentrations were normalized to infant daily intake and body weight. The effect sizes of infant daily intakes associated with infant growth parameters were small for macronutrients (0.005 to 0.05 Z-score units and 0.02 to 0.45 fat mass index (FMI)/fat free mass index (FFMI) units per unit of change in composition). Larger effect sizes were seen with human milk insulin and leptin, with infants of OW mothers exposed to 1.5 to 2.5 times higher concentrations compared to infants of NW mothers. Conclusions This study allows for a more comprehensive understanding of maternal BMI effects on human milk composition and its association with infant growth. Of note, the concentrations of leptin and insulin in human milk from OW mothers were higher than those in milk from NW mothers, resulting in higher daily intakes by their infants and modulation of FMI from 0.5 to 9 months postpartum. This study demonstrates the value of considering both human milk composition and infant daily intake when assessing infant growth. Funding Sources USDA/ARS Project # 6026–51,000-012–06S, NIH R01 DK107516.

scholarly journals Effects of Time-Restricted Feeding on Supramaximal Exercise Performance and Body Composition: A Randomized and Counterbalanced Crossover Study in Healthy Men

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7227
Author(s):  
Joana M. Correia ◽  
Inês Santos ◽  
Pedro Pezarat-Correia ◽  
Cláudia Minderico ◽  
Brad J. Schoenfeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Supramaximal Exercise ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Dietary Record

Using a crossover design, we explored the effects of both short- and long-term time-restricted feeding (TRF) vs. regular diet on Wingate (WnT) performance and body composition in well-trained young men. Twelve healthy male physical education students were included (age: 22.4 ± 2.8 years, height: 174.0 ± 7.1 cm, body mass: 73.6 ± 9.5 kg, body mass index: 24.2 ± 2.0 kg/m2). The order of dieting was randomized and counterbalanced, and all participants served as their own controls. TRF was limited to an 8-h eating window and non-TRF involved a customary meal pattern. Participants performed WnT tests and body composition scans at baseline, post-one and post-four weeks of the assigned diet. Before testing, participants were asked to fill out a dietary record over four consecutive days and were instructed to continue their habitual training throughout the study. Energy intake and macronutrient distribution were similar at baseline in both conditions. WnT mean power and total work output increased post-four weeks of TRF. Both conditions were similarly effective in increasing fat-free mass after four weeks of intervention. However, there was no correlation between change in fat-free mass and WnT mean power after TRF. TRF did not elicit any changes in WnT performance or body composition one week post-intervention. Thus, long-term TRF can be used in combination with regular training to improve supramaximal exercise performance in well-trained men.

scholarly journals Low serum TSH levels are associated with low values of fat-free mass and body cell mass in the elderly

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Till Ittermann ◽  
Marcello R. P. Markus ◽  
Martin Bahls ◽  
Stephan B. Felix ◽  
Antje Steveling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Body Cell Mass ◽  
Body Cell ◽  
Independent Population ◽  
Serum Tsh ◽  
Tsh Levels

AbstractPrevious studies on the association between thyroid function and body composition are conflicting and showed strong differences across age groups. Our aim was to clarify age-specific associations of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels with markers of body composition including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM) and body cell mass (BCM). We used data from two independent population-based cohorts within the framework of the Study of Health in Pomerania. The study population included 5656 individuals aged 20 to 90 years. Markers of body composition were measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Serum TSH levels were significantly positively associated with BMI (β = 0.16; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.06 to 0.27), waist circumference (β = 0.35; 95% CI: 0.08 to 0.62) and FM (β = 0.32; 95% CI: 0.12 to 0.52), but not with FFM and BCM. Interaction analysis revealed positive associations of serum TSH levels with BMI, waist circumference, FM, FFM and BCM in individuals older than 60 years, while no such associations were observed in younger individuals. We demonstrated that lower serum TSH levels were accompanied with lower values of BMI, waist circumference, FM, FFM, and BCM in the elderly, while no such associations were observed in younger individuals.

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