Proliferation of Bifidobacterium L80 under different proportions of milk protein hydrolysate

The intestinal microecological environment is critical to an infant's growth. For those infants consuming milk power, it is very important to improve the intestinal microecological environment to promote the healthy growth of infants. In this paper, Milk protein hydrolysate (MPH), consisting of different proportions of proteins and small molecule peptides (5:5, 4:6, 3:7, 2:8, 1:9) were added to infant formula powder (IFP). The effects of MFP-enriched IFP addition on proliferation and metabolism of Bifidobacterium L80 were studied. Compared with MPH-free IFP, MFP-enriched IFP with 1:9 of proteins to small molecule peptides significantly enhanced the proliferation of Bifidobacterium L80, resulting in higher cell density, greater viable counts and higher titratable acidity. MFP-enriched IFP increased the content of seven organic acids and H2O2 in the system, and improved the antibacterial activity to E. coli BL21. This study suggested that MPH could be an effective addition to infant formula powder to promote the growth of Bifidobacterium, so to improve the intestinal health of infants.

Head Circumference Profile of Infants Aged 9–15 Months Related to Intelligence in Sukabumi and Cirebon

Golden period is any child's period needing attention for their growth, and it would cause permanent damages if not utilized well. Early detection of an infant’s growth needs to be implemented with anthropometric measurements, Head Circumference (HC) as one of the nutritional status references. HC correlates with brain volume, and it indicates an infant's intelligence. This study aims to discover the HC measure of infants aged 9-15 months related to their intelligence in the Sukabumi City and Cirebon Regency. The design of this study was a non-experimental quantitative design with a descriptive study approach and cross- sectional method. The data were taken by measuring the infants’ HC directly and interviewing infants’ mothers. The results of the examination were confirmed and classified based on WHO charts, namely the z-score chart. The results showed that the HC status of most of the infants (86.36%) in Sukabumi City and Cirebon Regency could be categorized in the normal category. The results of the study were mostly in good HC status, but so me infants had growth problems, such as 13.64% of infants were included in microcephaly based on head circumference according to age that could have been caused by various factors such as nutrition, and this may be able to affect the intelligence of these children in the future.

AUTOMATED CRADLE WITH INCUBATOR FOR INFANTS

Cradle is a household appliance that carries the baby and aids in the comfortable sleep of the infants. In the current scenario, almost 80% of women are working. They find it tough to manage both the household work and office job. Hence, there is a real need for the design and development of a low-cost automatic oscillating cradle that could monitor the real-time parameters of the infants. Unlike adults, infants cannot regulate their body temperature easily. Children are more prone to develop hypothermia and hyperthermia under extreme temperature conditions. An incubator could maintain appropriate conditions for the infant. This study is focused on developing a low-cost automated baby cradle with an incubator that analyzes baby cry and oscillates automatically. The developed system can also maintain suitable environmental conditions for the infant’s growth. If in case attention of a premature baby were to be sought on a regular basis, the developed system can monitor the temperature and heartbeat along with the cabin temperature and humidity. The developed system has an inbuilt alarm that rings when there is an abnormality in the infant’s heartbeat and body temperature. The alarm also indicates when the mattress is wet. A Bluetooth-based mobile application is also designed which could monitor and control the cradle. The proposed prototype model can be employed both in hospitals and at home.

Components of human breast milk: from macronutrient to microbiome and microRNA

Human breast milk (HBM) is essential for the infant’s growth and development right after birth and is an irreplaceable source of nutrition for early human survival. Various infant formulas have many similarities to HBM in many components, but there is no perfect substitute for HBM. Recently, various breast milk components and their roles have been studied according to the development of various analysis techniques. As is already well known, HBM contains about 87%–88% water, and 124- g/L solid components as macronutrients, including about 7% (60–70 g/L) carbohydrates, 1% (8–10 g/L) protein, and 3.8% (35–40 g/L) fat. The composition may vary depending on the environmental factors, including maternal diet. Colostrum is low in fat but high in protein and relatively rich in immuneprotective components. Although HBM contains enough vitamins to ensure normal growth of the infant, vitamins D and K may be insufficient, and the infant may require their supplementation. Growth factors in HBM also serve as various bioactive proteins and peptides on the intestinal tract, vasculature, nervous system, and endocrine system. In the past, HBM of a healthy mother was thought to be sterile. However, several subsequent studies have confirmed the presence of rich and diverse microbial communities in HBM. Some studies suggested that the genera <i>Staphylococcus</i> and <i>Streptococcus</i> may be universally predominant in HBM, but the origin of microbiota still remains controversial. Lastly, milk is the one of most abundant body fluid of microRNAs, which are known to play a role in various functions, such as immunoprotection and developmental programming, through delivering from HBM and absorption by intestinal epithelial cells. In conclusion, HBM is the most important source of nutrition for infants and includes microbiomes and miRNAs for growth, development, and immunity.

IMPLEMENTATION OF ICT BASED PEDIATRIC TELEHEALTH CARE POSYANDU AS AUTOMATIC MONITOR AND IDENTIFICATION OF INFANT’S GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

Background: Posyandu is one of the Indonesian government’s attempt in order to monitor and improve the health and life quality of the community, especially infant. However, the implementation of Posyandu is facing some issues such as low effectiveness and low accuracy during the data collecting process of the infant’s growth and development. Purpose: This study aims to develop an automatic telehealth care product in order to help to increase the effectivity and accuracy in the implementation of Posyandu. Methods: (1) Development of the Telehealth Care Posyandu Application, (2) Implementation of the application in the form of social service program. Result: (1) “Toddler” Telehealth Care Application based in Android and ICT was buith with artificial intelligence of Decision Tree and Random Forest method. Program testing was done with 97.89% accuration score from total 85 infant’s growth data. While from 47 questionnaire data of infant’s development, accuracy score of 83.33% was obtained. (2) Target’s respond on the Telehealth Care Posyandu Application shown the status of “Very Satistified” based on the score of 81% from the satisfaction survey. The satisfaction survey covered three aspects which are: System, User, and Interaction. Conclusion: “Toddler” Telehealth Care Posyandu Application was proven to has high accuracy, sensitivity, and sensitivity score and also resulted in “Very Satisfied” user respond.

No Association between Glucocorticoid Diurnal Rhythm in Breastmilk and Infant Body Composition at 3 Months

Objective: Glucocorticoids (GCs) in breastmilk have previously been associated with infant body growth and body composition. However, the diurnal rhythm of breastmilk GCs was not taken into account, and we therefore aimed to assess the associations between breastmilk GC rhythmicity at 1 month and growth and body composition at 3 months in infants. Methods: At 1 month postpartum, breastmilk GCs were collected over a 24-h period and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Body composition was measured using air-displacement plethysmography at 3 months. Length and weight were collected at 1, 2, and 3 months. Results: In total, 42 healthy mother–infant pairs were included. No associations were found between breastmilk GC rhythmicity (area-under-the-curve increase and ground, maximum, and delta) and infant growth trajectories or body composition (fat and fat free mass index, fat%) at 3 months. Conclusions: This study did not find an association between breastmilk GC rhythmicity at 1 month and infant’s growth or body composition at 3 months. Therefore, this study suggests that previous observations linking breastmilk cortisol to changes in infant weight might be flawed by the lack of serial cortisol measurements and detailed information on body composition.

PROGRAM PEMBERIAN MAKANAN TAMBAHAN:STUDI KASUS PADA IBU HAMIL DENGAN KURANG ENERGI KRONIS DI PUSKESMAS CEBONGAN SALATIGA

Ibu hamil adalah kelompok yang rentan mengalami masalah kesehatan diantaranya kekurangan gizi. Kekurangan gizi pada ibu hamil banyak terjadi di negara-negara berkembang yang meliputi kurang energi kronis (KEK) maupun kekurangan zat gizi mikro. Ibu hamil dengan KEK dapat berpengaruh terhadap proses pertumbuhan janin serta dapat menyebabkan keguguran, bayi berat lahir rendah (BBLR), kematian neonatal, anemia pada bayi dan asfiksia intra partum. Bayi yang lahir dalam kondisi BBLR mempunyai risiko gangguan pada pertumbuhan dan perkembangannya serta mengalami kekurangan gizi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis program pemberian makanan tambahan pada ibu hamil dengan KEK di Puskesmas Cebongan Salatiga. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan sasaran program pemberian makanan tambahan ditujukan bagi ibu hamil yang terdeteksi memiliki lingkar lengan atas (LILA) < 23,5 cm dan diprioritaskan bagi ibu dengan kondisi ekonomi rendah . Ibu hamil yang memiliki ukuran LILA dibawah 23.5 cm (KEK) berjumlah 17 orang dan ibu hamil yang mendapatkan makanan tambahan (MT) berupa biskuit sejumlah 20 orang. Evaluasi program PMT adalah pendistribusian PMT belum optimal, kurangnya kesadaran ibu hamil untuk melakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan dan makanan tambahan tidak dihabiskan oleh ibu hamil. Kata Kunci: Ibu Hamil, Kurang Energi Kronik, Pemberian Makanan Tambahan AbstractPregnant women are vulnerable groups that is susceptible to have health problems including malnutrition. Nutritional deficiencies in pregnant women occur in many developing countries which include chronic energi deficiency (CED) and micronutrients deficiency. Pregnant women with CED can affect the growth of the fetus and can cause miscarriages, low birth weight (LBW), neonatal mortality, anemia in infants and intrapartum asphyxia. LBW has a risk to inhibit infant’s growth and development and to have malnutrition. The aim of this study was to analyze complementary foods giving program for pregnant women with CED at Cebongan Health Center in Salatiga. The result of this study showed that target of complementary foods giving program are pregnant woman who have mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) <23.5 cm and prioritized for woman with low economic conditions. There are 17 pregnant woman have MUAC <23.5 cm and 20 pregnant woman get the complementary food. The evaluation of the complementary foods giving program were the distribution is not optimal, lack of awareness of pregnant women to do medical examination, and complementary foods did not finish by pregnant woman. Keywords: Chronic Energi Deficiency, Complementary Foods Giving Program,Pregnant woman

Infant’s Growth and Development at the Age of 6-12 Months Based on Breasfeeding

<span lang="EN-US">Infancy is a golden and critical period in the cycle of life. In this period, an infant that is not provided with exclusive breastfeeding has 14 times higher risk to death compared with an infant that is provided with exclusive breastfeeding. Malnutrition in the first year causes reduced brain cells up to 15-20% which leads to impaired growth and development of infant. Exclusive breastfeeding can fulfill the need for nutrients within the first 6 months of life. The objective of this study was to analyze the difference in growth and development of infants at the age of 6-12 months based on breastfeeding in the working area of Puskesmas Perawatan Ngkeran, Aceh Tenggara Regency. This is used comparative analytical resaerch with cross sectional design. The sample was 124 infants consisting of 62 infants with exclusive breastfeeding and 62 non exclusive breastfeeding, taken by purposive sampling. The data were collected by using questionnaires through interviews, measurement and observation. They were analyzed using chi square and logistic regression testing for confounding check. The results showed that there was a significant difference in growth and development of infants based on breastfeeding (p value=0.000) with prevalence ratio (PR)=4.167 (95%CI: 1.867-9.301), which indicated that the infant who did not get exclusive breastfeeding had 4.167 times higher risk to experience bad growth and development. Based on the examination of confounding variable found that food supplementation was the variable with the risk that influences infant’s growth and development. Mothers are expected to practice exclusive breastfeeding, health practitioners are suggested to conduct more counseling of exclusive breastfeeding for pregnant mothers, to have early breastfeeding initiation, to create supporting groups of exclusive breastfeeding and to issue health policy of exclusive breastfeeding.</span>