scholarly journals Socioeconomic, Dietary and Health Determinants of Body Composition in Haitian School Children Aged 3–13 Years (P11-130-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clive Musonza ◽  
Sherlie Jean-Louis Dulience ◽  
Jacques Raymond Delnatus ◽  
Patricia Wolff ◽  
Aishwarya Nagar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
School Children ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Health Determinants ◽  
Thin Body ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Health Factors ◽  
Maternal Bmi

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to characterize socioeconomic, dietary and health factors associated with body composition of school-aged children in Cap-Haïtien, Haiti. Methods Baseline data from a cluster randomized controlled trial of children aged 3–13 years (n = 1084) to test the effectiveness of lipid-based nutrient supplement on anemia and other nutrition outcomes was used for this analysis. Anthropometric measures of height and weight were collected from the children using standard WHO protocols. Parent surveys provided information on household-level socioeconomic and demographic information and frequency of dietary intakes and infectious disease morbidities of the children. Body composition was determined using bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA). Equations, validated using deuterium dilution method in Gambian school children, were then used to derive fat mass (FM) and fat free mass (FFM). Multiple linear regression modeling identified factors associated with body composition. Results There were 43.7% of children categorized as moderately thin (body mass index (BMI) z score < -1). Mean percentage of FM was 7.8% (SD ± 3.5) and 11.9% (SD ± 4.9) while mean FM (kg) was 1.7kg (SD ± 0.8) and 3.1kg (SD ± 3.5) for thin children and those not thin, respectively. Child's age, ear infection in the last month and bread consumption were negatively associated with FM (%), whereas child's sex, maternal BMI, and toilet type used showed a positive relationship. FM (kg) was positively associated with child's age, sex, height-for-age z score, maternal BMI, house ownership and toilet type used. Models 1, 2, and 3 with BMI z score, FM (%) and FM (kg) as dependent variables respectively showed: [F(6, 773) = 16.2, β = –1.5, P < .001, (Adj. R2 = .11)], [F(6, 747) = 42.2, β = 2.7, P < .001, (Adj. R2 = .25)] and [F(6, 746) = 36.0, β = -2.7, P < .001, (Adj. R2 = .22)]. Conclusions This study provides evidence of socioeconomic, dietary and health factors associated with body composition in Haitian school-aged children, however more research is required to identify additional factors mediating this relationship. Funding Sources Supported by the USDA Foreign Agricultural Service Micronutrient Fortified Food Aid Products program FFE-521-2012/034-00, the Masters Research Fellows Program of the Brown School and E3 Nutrition Lab.

scholarly journals Can Anthropometry and Body Composition Explain Physical Fitness Levels in School-Aged Children?

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 460
Author(s):  
Chih-Yu Hsu ◽  
Liang-Sien Chen ◽  
I-Jen Chang ◽  
Wei-Ching Fang ◽  
Sun-Weng Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Aged Children

Physical fitness (PF) is closely related to various health outcomes and quality of life among children. However, the associations between anthropometry, body composition (BC), and PF are not fully elucidated. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the associations between demographic metrics (age, sex), anthropometric measures (body mass index z-score (BMI z-score) waist/height ratio (WHtR)), BC parameters (body-fat percentage (BF%), muscle weight), and PF levels (800-m run, sit-and-reach, 1-min sit-ups, standing long jump) in school-aged children. Continuous variables were dichotomized by median splits. The results of 180 girls and 180 boys (mean age: 10.0 ± 0.7 years; mean BMI z-score: 0.366 ± 1.216) were analyzed. Multivariable linear regressions revealed that BF% (regression coefficient (B) = 3.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.5–4.3) was independently correlated with the 800-m run. Sex (B = 4.6, 95% CI = 3.0–6.3), age (B = 3.1, 95% CI = 1.9–4.3), and BMI z-score (B = −0.7, 95% CI = −1.4–−0.1) were independently related to sit-and-reach. Age (B = 3.3, 95% CI = 2.0–4.7), BF% (B = −0.3, 95% CI = −0.4–−0.2), and muscle weight (B = 0.7, 95% CI = 0.2–1.2) were independently associated with 1-min sit-ups. In addition to demography, anthropometry and BC provided additional information concerning some PF levels in school-aged children. Weight management and PF promotion should be addressed simultaneously in terms of preventive medicine and health promotion for children.

scholarly journals MON-104 The Relationship Between Metabolic Syndrome Indicators and Body Composition Measured by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Methods in Obese Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seulki Kim ◽  
Yoonji Lee ◽  
Na-yeong Lee ◽  
Seonhwa Lee ◽  
Yujung Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Good Tool ◽  
Prepubertal Children ◽  
Composition Data ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Purpose: This study aimed to compare obesity indices with impedance analyzed body composition data, and to investigate the association between impedance analyzed body composition data and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Methods: 123 prepubertal children (49% girls 3-to-8- year-old, 51% boys 3-to-9-year-old) who are below or equal to body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) 85th percentile were retrospectively reviewed. Height, weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, serum lipid profiles, fasting plasma glucose and serum insulin were measured. Body fat percentile (BFP), fat-free mass (FFM) were measured by BIA and fat mass index (FMI), fat-free mass index (FFMI) were calculated. We investigated the relationship between metabolic syndrome indicators and body composition measured by BIA. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) was defined as including more than or equal to three of the metabolic abnormalities according to the modified National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. Results: The overall prevalence of MetS was found to be 15.4%(19/123). The prevalence of MetS, MetS indicators, and body composition measured by BIA were not significantly different between males and females. BMI z-score was positively correlated with BFP, FMI and FFMI (r=0.51, P=0.001; r=0.63, P=0.001; r=0.29, P=0.001, respectively), so was waist-to-height ratio (WHR) (r=0.57, P=0.001; r=0.70, P=0.001; r=0.33, P=0.001). Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index was associated to BFP, FFM, FMI, and FFMI (r=0.305, P=0.003; r=0.359, P=0.001; r=0.331, P=0.001; r=0.24, P=0.018, respectively). Regression analysis showed chronological age (CA) and BMI z-score affect HOMA-IR (β=0.61, P=0.001; β=0.93, P=0.002, respectively) and CA was considered as a potential risk factor of MetS (Odd ratio of 3.09 and 95 % confidence interval of 1.25–7.65). Conclusion: BIA seems to be a good tools for measuring obesity but not a good tool for predicting complications of obesity in prepubertal children. Further study is needed on the risk factors for complications of obesity in prepubertal children.

scholarly journals Are Body Composition Parameters Better than Conventional Anthropometric Measures in Predicting Pediatric Hypertension?

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (16) ◽  
pp. 5771
Author(s):  
Chih-Yu Hsu ◽  
Rong-Ho Lin ◽  
Yu-Ching Lin ◽  
Jau-Yuan Chen ◽  
Wen-Cheng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Pediatric Hypertension ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Operating Characteristic Curve ◽  
Better Than

Body composition (BC) parameters are associated with cardiometabolic diseases in children; however, the importance of BC parameters for predicting pediatric hypertension is inconclusive. This cross-sectional study aimed to compare the difference in predictive values of BC parameters and conventional anthropometric measures for pediatric hypertension in school-aged children. A total of 340 children (177 girls and 163 boys) with a mean age of 8.8 ± 1.7 years and mean body mass index (BMI) z-score of 0.50 ± 1.24 were enrolled (102 hypertensive children and 238 normotensive children). Significantly higher values of anthropometric measures (BMI, BMI z-score, BMI percentile, waist-to-height ratio) and BC parameters (body-fat percentage, muscle weight, fat mass, fat-free mass) were observed among the hypertensive subgroup compared to their normotensive counterparts. A prediction model combining fat mass ≥ 3.65 kg and fat-free mass ≥ 34.65 kg (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.688; sensitivity = 66.7%; specificity = 89.9%) performed better than BMI alone (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.649; sensitivity = 55.9%; specificity = 73.9%) in predicting hypertension. In conclusion, BC parameters are better than anthropometric measures in predicting pediatric hypertension. BC measuring is a reasonable approach for risk stratification in pediatric hypertension.

scholarly journals Associations of Growth Impairment and Body Composition among South African School-Aged Children Enrolled in the KaziAfya Project

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2735
Author(s):  
Kurt Z. Long ◽  
Johanna Beckmann ◽  
Christin Lang ◽  
Harald Seelig ◽  
Siphesihle Nqweniso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
South African ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
School Aged Children

(1) Background: Early childhood malnutrition may result in increased fat mass (FM) among school-aged children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We explored whether South African children with shorter stature have greater overall and abdominal FM compared to normal stature children. (2) Methods: Baseline assessments of body composition and weight were determined among school-aged children enrolled in a randomized controlled trial in Port Elizabeth, South Africa, using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Multiple linear regression models tested associations of children’s height and degree of stunting with FM, fat free mass (FFM), truncal fat mass (TrFM), and truncal fat free mass (TrFFM) overall and by sex. (3) Results: A total of 1287 children (619 girls, 668 boys) were assessed at baseline. Reduced child height was associated with higher FM and lower FFM and TrFFM, but these associations were reversed with increases in height. Girls classified as mildly or moderately/severely stunted had higher FM and TrFM but lower FFM and TrFFM, while no association was found for boys. (4) Conclusions: Our study suggests that efforts to reduce the non-communicable disease burden in LMICs should target growth-impaired children who may have greater overall FM and greater abdominal FM.

scholarly journals Bone mineral density and body composition in adolescents with failure to thrive

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-174
Author(s):  
Thiago Sacchetto de Andrade ◽  
Luiz Anderson Lopes ◽  
Marcelo de Medeiros Pinheiro ◽  
Vera Lucia Szejnfeld ◽  
José Augusto de Aguiar Carrazedo Taddei
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Failure To Thrive ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Total Fat

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate bone mineral mass in adolescents with failure to thrive in relation to body composition. Methods A case control study involving 126 adolescents (15 to 19 years), in final puberty maturation being 76 eutrophic and 50 with failure to thrive (genetic or constitutional delay of growth), of matching ages, gender and pubertal maturation. The weight, height and calculated Z score for height/age and body mass index; bone mineral content, bone mineral density and adjusted bone mineral density were established for total body, lower back and femur; total fat-free mass and height-adjusted fat-free mass index, total fat mass and height-adjusted. The statistical analyses were performed using the Student's t-test (weight, height and body composition); Mann-Whitney test (bone mass) and multiple linear regression (bone mass determinants). Results weight, height and height/age Z-score were significantly higher among eutrophic subjects. Both groups did not show statistically significant differences for fat mass, percentage of fat mass, total fat mass height adjusted and fat-free mass index height sadjusted. However, total free fat maass was smaller for the failure to thrive group. Conclusions There was no statistically significant difference for bone mass measurements among adolescents with failure to thrive; however, the factors that determine bone mass formation should be better studied due to the positive correlation with free fat mass detected in these individuals.

scholarly journals Association between Body Composition, Physical Activity, Food Intake and Bone Status in German Children and Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 7294
Author(s):  
Juliane Heydenreich ◽  
Antje Schweter ◽  
Petra Lührmann
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
School Children ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Bone Status

Achieving a high bone mass during childhood and adolescence is important for the prevention of osteoporosis in later life. Herein, the purpose was to assess the relationship of various lifestyle factors and bone outcomes in school children. In 248 girls (13.4 ± 1.9 years, BMI: 20.2 ± 4.8 kg m−2) and 231 boys (13.6 ± 1.7 years, BMI: 19.3 ± 3.3 kg m−2), bone mass (stiffness index, SI; calcaneal quantitative ultrasonometry), body composition (bioelectrical impedance analysis), food intake (food frequency questionnaire), and physical activity level (PAL; standardized questionnaire) were assessed. The individual food intake of eight food groups was related to the German recommendations (Bone Healthy Eating Index, BoneHEI; 0–100 points). Relationships between SI and lifestyle factors (Spearman´s rank correlation) and the influence of the factors on the variance of SI (multiple linear regression) were tested (α = 0.05). SI correlated with age, BMI, absolute fat-free mass, relative fat mass, PAL, and puberty category score in both girls and boys (r = 0.18–0.56, p < 0.01), but not with BoneHEI (p > 0.05). Age, absolute fat-free mass, sex, and PAL explained 35% of the variance of SI (p < 0.0001): SI = −0.60 + 2.97∙age (years) + 0.65∙fat-free mass (kg) + 6.21∙sex (0 = male, 1 = female) + 17.55∙PAL. Besides age and sex, PAL and fat-free mass are important factors relating to bone health. School children should perform regular physical activity to improve their bone status.

Fat-Free Mass Index Controlled for Age and Sex and Malnutrition Are Predictors of Survival in Interstitial Lung Disease

Respiration ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 369-376
Author(s):  
Sylvia Rinaldi ◽  
Jason Gilliland ◽  
Colleen O’Connor ◽  
Jamie A. Seabrook ◽  
Marco Mura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Interstitial Lung Disease ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Severe Malnutrition ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Age And Sex

Background: Literature focusing on nutritional variables and survival in interstitial lung disease (ILD) is limited by its focus on weight and BMI and has not considered body composition. Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to examine whether body composition measures, specifically fat-free mass index z-score (z-FFMI) and body fat mass index z-score (z-BFMI), were predictors of survival in fibrotic ILD patients. The second objective was to examine if nutrition status was a predictor of survival. Method: Seventy-eight outpatients diagnosed with fibrotic ILD were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Body composition data using dual frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BodyStat 1500MD; UK) and nutrition status using the subjective global assessment (SGA) were determined. To control for age and sex, z-FFMI and z-BFMI were calculated using population means. Participant charts were reviewed for diagnosis, age, disease severity, and exercise capacity. Results: Age (HR 1.08, 95% CI [1.03–1.13], p < 0.01), BMI (HR 0.90, 95% CI [0.84–0.97], p < 0.01]), z-FFMI (HR 0.70, 95% CI [0.56–0.87], p = 0.02), z-BFMI (HR 0.74, 95% CI [0.57–0.96], p < 0.01), 6-min walk distance (6MWD) (HR 0.99, 95% CI [0.99–1.00], p < 0.01), percent predicted diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (%DLco) (HR 0.93, 95% CI [0.89–0.97], p < 0.01), and severe malnutrition (SGA-C) (HR 6.98, 95% CI [2.00–24.27], p < 0.01) were significant predictors of survival. When controlled for exercise capacity and disease severity, z-FFMI and severe malnutrition were significant predictors of survival independent of %DLco. Conclusion: z-FFMI and severe malnutrition were significant predictors of survival in fibrotic ILD patients independent of disease severity.

In Nonobese Children, Fitness and BMI Are Independent Predictors of Fasting Insulin

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-207
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Watson ◽  
Jens Eickhoff ◽  
Blaise A. Nemeth ◽  
Aaron L. Carrel
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
School Children ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Middle School Children

Objective:Although fitness and obesity have been shown to be independent predictors of cardiometabolic disease risk in obese children, this interaction is not well defined in nonobese children. The purpose of this study was to define the relationships between peak aerobic capacity, body composition, and fasting insulin levels in nonobese middle school children.Study Design:148 middle school children (mean age 11.0 ± 2.1 years, 49% male) underwent determination of body mass index (BMI) z-score, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, body composition by DXA scan (lean body mass and body fat percentage), and peak oxygen uptake per kg of lean body mass (VO2peak). Univariate correlations and multivariate regression analysis were used to identify independent predictors of fasting insulin using age, sex, percent body fat, body mass index z-score, and VO2peak.Results:fasting insulin was significantly related to VO2peak (r =−0.37, p < .001), percent body fat (r = .27, p < .001), and BMI z-score (r = .33, p = .002). After inclusion in the multivariate model, VO2peak (p = .018) and body mass index z-score (p = .043) remained significant predictors of fasting insulin, while age (p = .39), sex (p = .49), and percent body fat (p = .72) did not.Conclusions:Among nonobese middle school children, fasting insulin is independently related to aerobic fitness after accounting for age, sex, and body composition. Public health efforts to reduce cardiometabolic disease risk among all adolescents should include exercise programs to increase cardiovascular fitness.

scholarly journals Prematurity and body composition at 6, 18, and 30 years of age: Pelotas (Brazil) 2004, 1993, and 1982 birth cohorts

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Cardozo Bortolotto ◽  
Iná S. Santos ◽  
Juliana dos Santos Vaz ◽  
Alicia Matijasevich ◽  
Aluísio J. D. Barros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Air Displacement Plethysmography ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Background We aimed to investigate the association between preterm birth and body composition at 6, 18, and 30 years of age using data from three population-based birth cohort studies. Methods Gestational age (GA), defined by the date of the last menstrual period (categorized in ≤33, 34–36, and ≥ 37 weeks), was gathered in the first 24-h after delivery for all live births occurring in the city of Pelotas, Brazil, in 2004, 1993 and 1982. Body composition was assessed by air-displacement plethysmography. Outcomes included fat mass (FM, kg), percent FM (%FM), FM index (FMI, kg/m2), fat-free mass (FFM, kg); percent FFM (%FFM), FFM index (FFMI, kg/m2), body mass index (BMI, kg/m2 at 18 years in the 1993 cohort and 30 years in the 1982 cohort), and BMI Z-score (at 6 years in the 2004 cohort). We further explored the association of birth weight for GA with body composition indicators and BMI. Crude and adjusted linear regressions provided beta coefficients with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results A total of 3036, 3027, and 3369 participants, respectively, from the 2004, 1993, and 1982 cohorts were analyzed. At 6 years, preterm boys (born at 34–36 weeks) presented lower adjusted mean of FM (β = − 0.80 kg, − 1.45;-0.16, p = 0.046), %FM (β = − 2.39%, − 3.90;-0.88, p = 0.008), FMI (β = − 0.70 kg/m2, − 1.13;-0.27, p = 0.004) as well as lower FFM (β = − 0.4 kg, − 0.77; − 0.12, p = 0.010) and FFMI (β = − 0.3 kg/m2, − 0.46;-0.10, p < 0.001), and BMI Z-score (β = − 0.69,; − 0.99;-0.40, p < 0.001); but higher %FFM (β = 2.4%, 0.87;-3.90, p = 0.008), when compared to boys born at term (≥37). At 30 years, FM (15.7 kg, 0.25;31.1, p = 0.102) was higher among males born at ≤33 weeks. No association was observed for females from the three cohorts and for 18-year-old males. The association of birth weight for GA with body composition and BMI was not significant in any cohort. At 6 years, SGA boys had lower FFMI than boys AGA. Conclusions Our results suggest that preterm birth is associated with decreased body fat and fat-free mass in childhood but higher fat mass in adulthood. Nevertheless, results were only significant for males. SGA boys also showed lower FFMI.

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