scholarly journals Short-term exposure to air pollution (PM2.5) induces hypothalamic inflammation, and long-term leads to leptin resistance and obesity via Tlr4/Ikbke in mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Machado Campolim ◽  
Lais Weissmann ◽  
Clílton Kraüss de Oliveira Ferreira ◽  
Olivia Pizetta Zordão ◽  
Ana Paula Segantine Dornellas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Leptin Resistance ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Hypothalamic Inflammation

scholarly journals Exposure to Air Pollution and Renal Function - An Underestimated Threat?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Kuźma ◽  
Jolanta Małyszko ◽  
Hanna Bachórzewska- Gajewska ◽  
Sławomir Dobrzycki
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Number Of Patients

Abstract Introduction: Air pollution contributes to the premature death of approximately 428,000 citizens of Europe every year. The adverse effects of air pollution can be observed not only in respiratory, circulatory, and nervous systems but also in renal function.Aim: Our goal was to investigate the hypothesis indicating that we can observe the long-term and also short-term impact of air pollution on kidney function.Methods: We reviewed medical notes of patients hospitalized at Medical University of Bialystok, Poland between 2007-2016. We used linear, log-linear, and logistic regression models to assess the association between renal function and NO2, SO2, and PMs. Results are reported as beta (β) coefficients and odds ratios (OR) for an increase in interquartile range (IQR) concentration with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results: 3,554 patients were included into the final analysis. The median age was 66 (IQR 15) and men were in the majority (53.2%, N=1891). Chronic kidney disease (CKD) was diagnosed in 21.5% (N=764). The long-term increase in annual average concertation of PM2.5 (OR for IQR increase=1.07; 95% CI 1.01 – 1.15, P=0.037) and NO2 (OR for IQR increase=1.05;95% CI 1.01 – 1.10, P=0.047) resulted in an increased number of patients with CKD. In short-term observation the IQR increase in weekly PM2.5 concentration was associated with a 2% reduction in eGFR (OR=0.98, 95%CI 0.97 – 0.99, P=0.03)Conclusions: The effects of air pollution on renal function were observed. Long- and short–term exposure to elevated air pollution levels was associated with a decrease in eGFR. The main pollutant affecting the kidneys was PM2.5.

P–736 Elevated levels of ambient air pollutants increase the primary sex ratio in human embryos

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Maluf ◽  
M Malu. Perin ◽  
P O Malu. Perin ◽  
P Perin
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Exposure Risk ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Primary Sex Ratio ◽  
Short Term Exposure

Abstract Study question Are there any associations between ambient outdoor air pollution and the primary sex ratio (PSR)? Summary answer Short-term exposure to increased PM10, PM2.5 and NO2 levels were significantly associated with higher PSR. What is known already PSR estimates represent a backward extrapolation from data based on spontaneous or induced abortions, fetal deaths or live births and are usually male-biased. A recent study, analyzing 3- to 6-day-old embryos derived from assisted reproductive technology (ART) procedures, showed that the sex ratio at conception is unbiased (0.5). Epidemiologic studies of air pollution on secondary (birth) sex ratio showed that higher levels of particulate pollution were associated with increased rates of female birth. However, a direct association between urban levels of air pollutants and PSR has not been reported. Study design, size, duration A retrospective cohort study was carried out to assess the impact of long- or short-term exposure to six ambient outdoor air pollutants (particulate matter, PM10µm and PM2.5µm; SO2; CO; NO2; O3) on PSR (XY/XX) of couples undergoing their first IVF cycle for preimplantation genetic screening (N = 337). Data was from fixed air quality monitoring stations across the city between January 2014 and December 2018. Embryos with sex chromosome abnormalities were excluded from the analysis. Participants/materials, setting, methods Average concentrations of the pollutants for the 90 (long-term exposure) and 15 days (short-term exposure) predating oocyte retrieval represented the exposures of interest. Pollutant levels were categorized into quartiles (Q1 to Q4) and exposure risk was divided into two periods in which average concentrations and confidence intervals for the pollutants were in the upper quartile (Q4 period) or not (Q1-Q3 period). The strength association between exposure risk and PSR was performed through analysis of covariance. Main results and the role of chance The estimated means of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3 and CO for Q1-Q3/Q4 periods were 27.7/39.3, 16.7/23.7, 2.5/3.9, 37.0/46.4, 32.2/45.3 µg/m3 and 0.64/0.87 ppm and 26.3/43.0, 16.0/26.3, 2.4/4.2, 36.5/47.8, 31.7/50.4 µg/m3 and 0.62/0.90 ppm for long- and short-term exposures, respectively. PM10, PM2.5 and NO2 levels in the Q4 period had significantly higher PSR (138.1, 134.0 and 137.6) when compared to Q1-Q3 period (94.4, 98.1 and 96.4) for the short-term exposure (p = 0.0193; p = 0.0439; p = 0.0180, respectively). PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2 and CO levels in the Q4 and Q1-Q3 periods for the long-term exposure showed no significant effect on PSR. Contrastingly, O3 levels in the Q4 period had significantly lower PSR (82.6) when compared to Q1-Q3 (115.9) for the long-term exposure (p = 0.0202). A monotonic increase in PSR was observed with increased PM10 concentration in the Q4 period for the short-term exposure (F-ratio: 4.4476; p = 0.0352). Limitations, reasons for caution Some limitations of the study should be underlined, such as its retrospective nature, exposure assessment based on pollutant levels derived from a network average across city sites, and limited extrapolation of the results to the general population. Wider implications of the findings: Our data suggest that short-term exposure to environmental factors could affect the primary sex ratio in polluted seasons or cities. A monotonic effect on PSR in the case of exposure to increasing PM10 levels was identified. Trial registration number Not applicable

scholarly journals Exposure to air pollution and renal function - an underestimated threat?

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Kuzma ◽  
J Malyszko ◽  
A Kurasz ◽  
H Bachorzewska-Gajewska ◽  
S Dobrzycki
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Number Of Patients

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Introduction Air pollution contributes to the premature death of approximately 428,000 citizens of Europe every year. The adverse effects of air pollution can be observed not only in respiratory, circulatory, and nervous systems but also in renal function. Purpose Our goal was to investigate the hypothesis indicating that we can observe the long-term and also short-term impact of air pollution on kidney function. Methods We reviewed medical notes of patients hospitalized between 2007-2016. We used linear, log-linear, and logistic regression models to assess the association between renal function and NO2, SO2, and PMs. Results are reported as beta (β) coefficients and odds ratios (OR) for an increase in interquartile range (IQR) concentration with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results 3,554 patients were included into the final analysis. The median age was 66 (IQR 15) and men were in the majority (53.2%, N = 1891). Chronic kidney disease (CKD) was diagnosed in 21.5% (N = 764). The long-term increase in annual average concentration of PM2.5 (OR for IQR increase = 1.07; 95% CI 1.01 – 1.15, P = 0.037) and NO2 (OR for IQR increase = 1.05;95% CI 1.01 – 1.10, P = 0.047) resulted in an increased number of patients with CKD. In short-term observation the IQR increase in weekly PM2.5 concentration was associated with a 2% reduction in eGFR (OR = 0.98, 95%CI 0.97 – 0.99, P = 0.03) Conclusions The effects of air pollution on renal function were observed. Long- and short–term exposure to elevated air pollution levels was associated with a decrease in eGFR. The main pollutant affecting the kidneys was PM2.5.

scholarly journals Short and long term exposure to air pollution increases the risk of ischemic heart disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
So Young Kim ◽  
Sang Hoon Kim ◽  
Jee Hye Wee ◽  
Chanyang Min ◽  
Sang-Min Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Subgroup Analyses

AbstractPrevious studies have suggested an increased risk of ischemic heart disease related to air pollution. This study aimed to explore both the short-term and long-term effects of air pollutants on the risk of ischemic heart disease after adjusting for meteorological factors. The Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort from 2002 to 2013 was used. Overall, 2155 participants with ischemic heart disease and 8620 control participants were analyzed. The meteorological data and air pollution data, including SO2 (ppm), NO2 (ppm), O3 (ppm), CO (ppm), and particulate matter (PM)10 (μg/m3), were analyzed using conditional logistic regression. Subgroup analyses were performed according to age, sex, income, and region of residence. One-month exposure to SO2 was related to 1.36-fold higher odds for ischemic heart disease (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.06–1.75). One-year exposure to SO2, O3, and PM10 was associated with 1.58- (95% CI 1.01–2.47), 1.53- (95% CI 1.27–1.84), and 1.14 (95% CI 1.02–1.26)-fold higher odds for ischemic heart disease. In subgroup analyses, the ≥ 60-year-old group, men, individuals with low income, and urban groups demonstrated higher odds associated with 1-month exposure to SO2. Short-term exposure to SO2 and long-term exposure to SO2, O3, and PM10 were related to ischemic heart disease.

P-736 Elevated levels of ambient air pollutants increase the primary sex ratio in human embryos

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Maluf ◽  
M Maluf Perin ◽  
P O Maluf Perin ◽  
P Perin
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Exposure Risk ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Primary Sex Ratio ◽  
Short Term Exposure

Abstract Study question Are there any associations between ambient outdoor air pollution and the primary sex ratio (PSR)? Summary answer Short-term exposure to increased PM10, PM2.5 and NO2 levels were significantly associated with higher PSR. What is known already PSR estimates represent a backward extrapolation from data based on spontaneous or induced abortions, fetal deaths or live births and are usually male-biased. A recent study, analyzing 3- to 6-day-old embryos derived from assisted reproductive technology (ART) procedures, showed that the sex ratio at conception is unbiased (0.5). Epidemiologic studies of air pollution on secondary (birth) sex ratio showed that higher levels of particulate pollution were associated with increased rates of female birth. However, a direct association between urban levels of air pollutants and PSR has not been reported. Study design, size, duration A retrospective cohort study was carried out to assess the impact of long- or short-term exposure to six ambient outdoor air pollutants (particulate matter, PM10µm and PM2.5µm; SO2; CO; NO2; O3) on PSR (XY/XX) of couples undergoing their first IVF cycle for preimplantation genetic screening (N = 337). Data was from fixed air quality monitoring stations across the city between January 2014 and December 2018. Embryos with sex chromosome abnormalities were excluded from the analysis. Participants/materials, setting, methods Average concentrations of the pollutants for the 90 (long-term exposure) and 15 days (short-term exposure) predating oocyte retrieval represented the exposures of interest. Pollutant levels were categorized into quartiles (Q1 to Q4) and exposure risk was divided into two periods in which average concentrations and confidence intervals for the pollutants were in the upper quartile (Q4 period) or not (Q1-Q3 period). The strength association between exposure risk and PSR was performed through analysis of covariance. Main results and the role of chance The estimated means of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3 and CO for Q1-Q3/Q4 periods were 27.7/39.3, 16.7/23.7, 2.5/3.9, 37.0/46.4, 32.2/45.3 µg/m3 and 0.64/0.87 ppm and 26.3/43.0, 16.0/26.3, 2.4/4.2, 36.5/47.8, 31.7/50.4 µg/m3 and 0.62/0.90 ppm for long- and short-term exposures, respectively. PM10, PM2.5 and NO2 levels in the Q4 period had significantly higher PSR (138.1, 134.0 and 137.6) when compared to Q1-Q3 period (94.4, 98.1 and 96.4) for the short-term exposure (p = 0.0193; p = 0.0439; p = 0.0180, respectively). PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2 and CO levels in the Q4 and Q1-Q3 periods for the long-term exposure showed no significant effect on PSR. Contrastingly, O3 levels in the Q4 period had significantly lower PSR (82.6) when compared to Q1-Q3 (115.9) for the long-term exposure (p = 0.0202). A monotonic increase in PSR was observed with increased PM10 concentration in the Q4 period for the short-term exposure (F-ratio: 4.4476; p = 0.0352). Limitations, reasons for caution Some limitations of the study should be underlined, such as its retrospective nature, exposure assessment based on pollutant levels derived from a network average across city sites, and limited extrapolation of the results to the general population. Wider implications of the findings Our data suggest that short-term exposure to environmental factors could affect the primary sex ratio in polluted seasons or cities. A monotonic effect on PSR in the case of exposure to increasing PM10 levels was identified. Trial registration number Not applicable

scholarly journals Acute and chronic exposure to air pollution in relation with incidence, prevalence, severity and mortality of COVID-19: a rapid systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick D. M. C. Katoto ◽  
Amanda S. Brand ◽  
Buket Bakan ◽  
Paul Musa Obadia ◽  
Carsi Kuhangana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Acute And Chronic Exposure ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollutant ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
Incidence Prevalence

Abstract Background Air pollution is one of the world’s leading mortality risk factors contributing to seven million deaths annually. COVID-19 pandemic has claimed about one million deaths in less than a year. However, it is unclear whether exposure to acute and chronic air pollution influences the COVID-19 epidemiologic curve. Methods We searched for relevant studies listed in six electronic databases between December 2019 and September 2020. We applied no language or publication status limits. Studies presented as original articles, studies that assessed risk, incidence, prevalence, or lethality of COVID-19 in relation with exposure to either short-term or long-term exposure to ambient air pollution were included. All patients regardless of age, sex and location diagnosed as having COVID-19 of any severity were taken into consideration. We synthesised results using harvest plots based on effect direction. Results Included studies were cross-sectional (n = 10), retrospective cohorts (n = 9), ecological (n = 6 of which two were time-series) and hypothesis (n = 1). Of these studies, 52 and 48% assessed the effect of short-term and long-term pollutant exposure, respectively and one evaluated both. Pollutants mostly studied were PM2.5 (64%), NO2 (50%), PM10 (43%) and O3 (29%) for acute effects and PM2.5 (85%), NO2 (39%) and O3 (23%) then PM10 (15%) for chronic effects. Most assessed COVID-19 outcomes were incidence and mortality rate. Acutely, pollutants independently associated with COVID-19 incidence and mortality were first PM2.5 then PM10, NO2 and O3 (only for incident cases). Chronically, similar relationships were found for PM2.5 and NO2. High overall risk of bias judgments (86 and 39% in short-term and long-term exposure studies, respectively) was predominantly due to a failure to adjust aggregated data for important confounders, and to a lesser extent because of a lack of comparative analysis. Conclusion The body of evidence indicates that both acute and chronic exposure to air pollution can affect COVID-19 epidemiology. The evidence is unclear for acute exposure due to a higher level of bias in existing studies as compared to moderate evidence with chronic exposure. Public health interventions that help minimize anthropogenic pollutant source and socio-economic injustice/disparities may reduce the planetary threat posed by both COVID-19 and air pollution pandemics.

Short-term exposure and long-term consequences of neonatal exposure to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and ibuprofen in mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 307 ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaëtan Philippot ◽  
Fred Nyberg ◽  
Torsten Gordh ◽  
Anders Fredriksson ◽  
Henrik Viberg
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Exposure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Long Term Consequences

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal associations of air pollutant concentrations, GP respiratory consultations and respiratory inhaler prescriptions: a 5-year study of primary care in the borough of Lambeth, South London

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Ashworth ◽  
◽  
Antonis Analitis ◽  
David Whitney ◽  
Evangelia Samoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Respiratory Morbidity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Abstract Background Although the associations of outdoor air pollution exposure with mortality and hospital admissions are well established, few previous studies have reported on primary care clinical and prescribing data. We assessed the associations of short and long-term pollutant exposures with General Practitioner respiratory consultations and inhaler prescriptions. Methods Daily primary care data, for 2009–2013, were obtained from Lambeth DataNet (LDN), an anonymised dataset containing coded data from all patients (1.2 million) registered at general practices in Lambeth, an inner-city south London borough. Counts of respiratory consultations and inhaler prescriptions by day and Lower Super Output Area (LSOA) of residence were constructed. We developed models for predicting daily PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and O3 per LSOA. We used spatio-temporal mixed effects zero inflated negative binomial models to investigate the simultaneous short- and long-term effects of exposure to pollutants on the number of events. Results The mean concentrations of NO2, PM10, PM2.5 and O3 over the study period were 50.7, 21.2, 15.6, and 49.9 μg/m3 respectively, with all pollutants except NO2 having much larger temporal rather than spatial variability. Following short-term exposure increases to PM10, NO2 and PM2.5 the number of consultations and inhaler prescriptions were found to increase, especially for PM10 exposure in children which was associated with increases in daily respiratory consultations of 3.4% and inhaler prescriptions of 0.8%, per PM10 interquartile range (IQR) increase. Associations further increased after adjustment for weekly average exposures, rising to 6.1 and 1.2%, respectively, for weekly average PM10 exposure. In contrast, a short-term increase in O3 exposure was associated with decreased number of respiratory consultations. No association was found between long-term exposures to PM10, PM2.5 and NO2 and number of respiratory consultations. Long-term exposure to NO2 was associated with an increase (8%) in preventer inhaler prescriptions only. Conclusions We found increases in the daily number of GP respiratory consultations and inhaler prescriptions following short-term increases in exposure to NO2, PM10 and PM2.5. These associations are more pronounced in children and persist for at least a week. The association with long term exposure to NO2 and preventer inhaler prescriptions indicates likely increased chronic respiratory morbidity.

scholarly journals The Impact of Short-Term Exposure to Air Pollution on the Exhaled Breath of Healthy Adults

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2518
Author(s):  
Ariana Lammers ◽  
Anne H. Neerincx ◽  
Susanne J. H. Vijverberg ◽  
Cristina Longo ◽  
Nicole A. H. Janssen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Validation Set ◽  
The Impact

Environmental factors, such as air pollution, can affect the composition of exhaled breath, and should be well understood before biomarkers in exhaled breath can be used in clinical practice. Our objective was to investigate whether short-term exposures to air pollution can be detected in the exhaled breath profile of healthy adults. In this study, 20 healthy young adults were exposed 2–4 times to the ambient air near a major airport and two highways. Before and after each 5 h exposure, exhaled breath was analyzed using an electronic nose (eNose) consisting of seven different cross-reactive metal-oxide sensors. The discrimination between pre and post-exposure was investigated with multilevel partial least square discriminant analysis (PLSDA), followed by linear discriminant and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, for all data (71 visits), and for a training (51 visits) and validation set (20 visits). Using all eNose measurements and the training set, discrimination between pre and post-exposure resulted in an area under the ROC curve of 0.83 (95% CI = 0.76–0.89) and 0.84 (95% CI = 0.75–0.92), whereas it decreased to 0.66 (95% CI = 0.48–0.84) in the validation set. Short-term exposure to high levels of air pollution potentially influences the exhaled breath profiles of healthy adults, however, the effects may be minimal for regular daily exposures.

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