Preparation, characterisation and biological evaluation of biopolymer-coated multi-walled carbon nanotubes for sustained-delivery of silibinin

Abstract This research work represents the first major step towards constructing an effective therapeutic silibinin (SB) in cancer treatment using oxidised multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT-COOH) functionalised with biocompatible polymers as the potential drug carrier. In an attempt to increase the solubility and dispersibility of SB-loaded nanotubes (MWSB), four water-soluble polymers were adopted in the preparation process, namely polysorbate 20 (T20), polysorbate 80 (T80), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and chitosan (CHI). From the geometry point of view, the hydrophobic regions of the nanotubes were loaded with water-insoluble SB while the hydrophilic polymers functionalised on the outer surfaces of the nanotubes serve as a protective shell to the external environment. The chemical interaction between MWSB nanocomposites and polymer molecules was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. Besides, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and UV–visible spectrophotometry were also employed to characterise the synthesised nanocomposites. The morphological study indicated that the polymers were deposited on the external surfaces of MWSB and the nanocomposites were seen to preserve their tubular structures even after the coating process was applied. The TGA results revealed that the incorporation of biopolymers practically improved the overall thermal stability of the coated MWSB nanocomposites. Evaluation of the in vitro effect on drug release rate by the nanocomposites was found to follow a biphasic release manner, showing a fast release at an initial stage and then a sustained-release over 2500 min. Besides, the drug release mechanisms of the nanocomposites demonstrated that the amount of SB released in the simulated environment was governed by pseudo-second order in which, the rate-limiting step mainly depends on diffusion of drug through chemisorption reaction. Finally, MTT assay showed that the coated MWSB nanocomposites on 3T3 cells were very much biocompatible at a concentration up to 100 g/mL, which is an evidence of MWSB reduced cytotoxicity.

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Biocompatibility Characteristics of Titanium Coated with Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes—Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposites

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma12020224 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 224 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jung-Eun Park ◽

Yong-Seok Jang ◽

Tae-Sung Bae ◽

Min-Ho Lee

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Pure Titanium ◽

Cell Proliferation And Differentiation ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Proliferation And Differentiation ◽

Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Multi walled carbon nanotubes-hydroxyapatite (MWCNTs-HA) with various contents of MWCNTs was synthesized using the sol-gel method. MWCNTs-HA composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). HA particles were generated on the surface of MWCNT. Produced MWCNTs-HA nanocomposites were coated on pure titanium (PT). Characteristic of the titanium coated MWCNTs-HA was evaluated by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and XRD. The results show that the titanium surface was covered with MWCNTs-HA nanoparticles and MWCNTs help form the crystalized hydroxyapatite. Furthermore, the MWCNTs-HA coated titanium was investigated for in vitro cellular responses. Cell proliferation and differentiation were improved on the surface of MWCNT-HA coated titanium.

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Thermal stability of catalytically grown multi-walled carbon nanotubes observed in transmission electron microscopy

Applied Physics A ◽

10.1007/s00339-008-4765-y ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 94 (2) ◽

pp. 247-251 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Cheng-Yu Wang ◽

Chuan-Pu Liu ◽

C. B. Boothroyd

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Thermal Stability ◽

Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Thermal Stability Of

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Continuous Fixed-Bed Column Studies of Textile Effluent Treatment using Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Originated from Rosmarinus officinalis Oil

Journal of Environmental Nanotechnology ◽

10.13074/jent.2021.12.214444 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 22-30

Author(s):

S. Valliammai ◽

K. Gopal ◽

R. Nithya ◽

L. Rama Priya ◽

D. Kavitha

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Service Time ◽

Fixed Bed ◽

Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽

Time Model ◽

Fixed Bed Column ◽

Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Bed Depth Service Time

A continuous adsorption study in a fixed-bed column was carried out using Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes derived from Rosmarinus officinalis oil as an adsorbent for removing the textile dye Acid blue 40 from an aqueous solution. The adsorbent, MWNTs were prepared from Rosmarinus officinalis oil as a precursor to Fe/Mo catalyst supported on silica at 650 ºC under N2 atmosphere by spray pyrolysis process characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Transmission Electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The effects of adsorbent bed height (2–6 cm), initial ion concentration (20– 60 mg/L), and flow rate (10–30 mL/min) on the column performance were analyzed. The breakthrough curve was analyzed using the mathematical models of Thomas, Yoon-Nelson, and bed depth service time. The Thomas model at different conditions defined the behaviors of the breakthrough curves. The bed depth service time model showed good agreement with the experimental data. The high values of correlation coefficients (R2 0.9875) obtained indicate the validity of the bed depth service time model for the present column system.

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Electron Microscopy Characterization of Platinum Catalysts Supported on Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes

Microscopy and Microanalysis ◽

10.1017/s1431927612008434 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 18 (S2) ◽

pp. 1316-1317

Author(s):

M.J. Guinel ◽

N. Brodusch ◽

R. Gauvin ◽

Y. Verde-Gomez ◽

B. Escobar-Morales

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Platinum Catalysts ◽

Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Microscopy Characterization ◽

Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.

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Polymeric Composites Based on Polyurea Matrix Reinforced with Carbon Nanotubes

Materiale Plastice ◽

10.37358/mp.17.1.4781 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 54 (1) ◽

pp. 41-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maria Adina Vulcan ◽

Celina Damian ◽

Paul Octavian Stanescu ◽

Eugeniu Vasile ◽

Razvan Petre ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Mechanical Properties ◽

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Thermal Stability ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Tensile Tests ◽

Mechanical Analysis ◽

Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Scanning Electron

This paper deals with the synthesis of polyurea and its use as polymer matrix for nanocomposites reinforced with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). Two types of materials were obtained during this research, the first cathegory uses the polyurea as matrix and the second one uses a mixture between epoxy resin and polyurea. The nanocomposites were characterized by Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Tensile Tests .The elastomeric features of nanocomposites were highlighted by the results which showed low value of Tg. Also higher thermal stability with ~40oC compared with commercial products (M20) were observed, but lower mechanical properties compared to neat polyurea.

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Carbon Nanofibers from Carbon Nanotubes by 1.2 keVAr+Sputtering at Room Temperature

Journal of Nanomaterials ◽

10.1155/2014/313095 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Shuang-Xi Xue ◽

Qin-Tao Li ◽

Xian-Rui Zhao ◽

Qin-Yi Shi ◽

Zhi-Gang Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Carbon Nanofibers ◽

Carbon Nanoparticles ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Ion Irradiation ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Carbon Nanowires

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were irradiated by 1.2 keV Ar ion beams for 15–60 min at room temperature with current density of 60 µA/cm2. The morphology and microstructure are investigated by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The results show that carbon nanofibers are achieved after 60 min ion irradiation and the formation of carbon nanofibers proceeds through four periods, carbon nanotubes—amorphous carbon nanowires—carbon nanoparticles along the tube axis—conical protrusions on the nanoparticles surface—carbon nanofibers from the conical protrusions.

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Composite material based on hydroxyapatite and multi-walled carbon nanotubes filled by iron: Preparation, properties and drug release ability

Materials Science and Engineering C ◽

10.1016/j.msec.2018.08.019 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 93 ◽

pp. 606-614 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

L.B. Sukhodub ◽

L.F. Sukhodub ◽

Yu.I. Prylutskyy ◽

N.Yu. Strutynska ◽

L.L. Vovchenko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Composite Material ◽

Drug Release ◽

Iron Preparation ◽

Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Walled Carbon Nanotubes

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Measurement of Flexural Rigidity of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Dynamic Scanning Electron Microscopy

Fibers ◽

10.3390/fib8050031 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 31 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Renata Fortini ◽

Asmus Meyer-Plath ◽

Dominic Kehren ◽

Ulrich Gernert ◽

Leonardo Agudo Jácome ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Flexural Rigidity ◽

Toxicological Studies ◽

Resonance Frequencies ◽

Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Dynamic Scanning ◽

Scanning Electron

In this work the flexural rigidity of individual large diameter multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was investigated. The bending modulus were obtained by detecting the resonance frequencies of mechanically excited cantilevered carbon nanotubes using the so-called dynamic scanning electron microscopy technique, and applying the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory. For the nanotubes studied, we determined a modulus of up to 160 GPa. This agrees with values reported by other authors for MWCNTs produced by catalytic chemical vapor deposition, however, it is 6-8 times smaller than values reported for single and multi-walled carbon nanotubes produced by arc-discharge synthesis. Toxicological studies with carbon nanotubes have been showing that inhaled airborne nanofibers that reach the deep airways of the respiratory system may lead to serious, asbestos-like lung diseases. These studies suggested that their toxicity critically depends on the fiber flexural rigidity, with high rigidity causing cell lesions. To complement the correlation between observed toxicological effects and fiber rigidities, reliable and routinely applicable measurement techniques for the flexural rigidity of nanofibers are required.

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