scholarly journals Experience has a limited effect on humans’ ability to predict the outcome of social interactions in children, dogs and macaques

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasha Donnier ◽  
Gyula Kovács ◽  
Linda S. Oña ◽  
Juliane Bräuer ◽  
Federica Amici
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Limited Effect ◽  
Specific Experience ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractThe ability to predict others’ behaviour represents a crucial mechanism which allows individuals to react faster and more appropriately. To date, several studies have investigated humans’ ability to predict conspecifics’ behaviour, but little is known on our ability to predict behaviour in other species. Here, we aimed to test humans’ ability to predict social behaviour in dogs, macaques and humans, and assess the role played by experience and evolution on the emergence of this ability. For this purpose, we presented participants with short videoclips of real-life social interactions in dog, child and macaque dyads, and then asked them to predict the outcome of the observed interactions (i.e. aggressive, neutral or playful). Participants were selected according to their previous species-specific experience with dogs, children and non-human primates. Our results showed a limited effect of experience on the ability to predict the outcome of social interactions, which was mainly restricted to macaques. Moreover, we found no support to the co-domestication hypothesis, in that participants were not especially skilled at predicting dog behaviour. Finally, aggressive outcomes in dogs were predicted significantly worse than playful or neutral ones. Based on our findings, we suggest possible lines for future research, like the inclusion of other primate species and the assessment of cultural factors on the ability to predict behaviour across species.

scholarly journals What Makes for a Pleasant Social Experience? The Role of Perceived Social Interaction Behavior in Associations Between Personality and Momentary Social Satisfaction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Lucia Wieczorek ◽  
Swantje Mueller ◽  
Oliver Lüdtke ◽  
Jenny Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Perceptions ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Communal Behavior ◽  
Interaction Behavior ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses ◽  
Two Factors

Whereas theory and research agree that social interactions are central mediators of the associations between personality and relationship outcomes, less is known about the mechanisms involved. This is particularly evident when looking at adolescence, when social networks restructure and expand. Drawing on experience sampling data from two adolescent samples (overall N > 200), we examined which self and other perceptions of real-life social interaction behaviors contribute to the links between personality (i.e., extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism) and momentary satisfaction with social interactions. Multilevel exploratory factor analyses revealed that most social perceptions could be represented by two factors, labeled expressive and communal behavior. As hypothesized, we found that higher extraversion and agreeableness, and lower neuroticism predicted greater satisfaction with social interactions. These associations were mediated by higher perceptions of expressive and communal behavior in the case of agreeableness and extraversion and by lower perceptions of expressive behavior in the case of neuroticism. Contrary to our expectations, the results were the same no matter whether self or other perceptions were used as mediators. We discuss how our results inform about the co-development of personality and social relationships from a microlevel perspective and outline directions for future research on perceived social interaction behavior.

scholarly journals What makes for a pleasant social experience in adolescence? The role of perceived social interaction behavior in associations between personality traits and momentary social satisfaction

2021 ◽  
pp. 089020702110177
Author(s):  
Larissa L Wieczorek ◽  
Swantje Mueller ◽  
Oliver Lüdtke ◽  
Jenny Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Perceptions ◽  
Social Satisfaction ◽  
Interaction Behavior ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses ◽  
Two Factors

Whereas theory and research agree that social interactions are central mediators of the associations between personality traits and relationship outcomes, less is known about the mechanisms involved. This is particularly evident when looking at adolescence, when social networks restructure and expand. Drawing on experience sampling data from two adolescent samples (overall N > 200), we examined which self- and other-perceptions of real-life social interaction behaviors contribute to the links between personality traits (i.e., extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism) and momentary satisfaction with social interactions. Multilevel exploratory factor analyses revealed that most social perceptions could be represented by two factors, labeled expressive and communal behavior. As hypothesized, we found that higher extraversion and agreeableness and lower neuroticism predicted greater social satisfaction. These associations were mediated by perceptions of more expressive and communal behaviors in the case of agreeableness and extraversion and perceptions of less expressive behavior in the case of neuroticism. Contrary to our expectations, the results were the same no matter whether self- or other-perceptions were used as mediators. We discuss how our results provide information about the co-development of personality traits and social relationships from a microlevel perspective and outline directions for future research on perceived social interaction behavior.

scholarly journals How does agonistic behaviour differ in albino and pigmented fish?

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e1937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ondřej Slavík ◽  
Pavel Horký ◽  
Marie Wackermannová
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Agonistic Behaviour ◽  
Cave Fish ◽  
Silurus Glanis ◽  
Aggressive Interactions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Shoaling Behaviour ◽  
Species Specific

In addition to hypopigmentation of the skin and red iris colouration, albino animals also display distinct physiological and behavioural alterations. However, information on the social interactions of albino animals is rare and has mostly been limited to specially bred strains of albino rodents and animals from unique environments in caves. Differentiating between the effects of albinism and domestication on behaviour in rodents can be difficult, and social behaviour in cave fish changes according to species-specific adaptations to conditions of permanent darkness. The agonistic behaviours of albino offspring of pigmented parents have yet to be described. In this study, we observed agonistic behaviour in albino and pigmented juvenileSilurus glaniscatfish. We found that the total number of aggressive interactions was lower in albinos than in pigmented catfish. The distance between conspecifics was also analysed, and albinos showed a tendency towards greater separation from their same-coloured conspecifics compared with pigmented catfish. These results demonstrate that albinism can be associated with lower aggressiveness and with reduced shoaling behaviour preference, as demonstrated by a tendency towards greater separation of albinos from conspecifics.

Developing Management from Islamic Perspectives (MIP) as a Formal Academic Discipline

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-69
Author(s):  
Shamas-Ur-Rehman Toor
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
International Consortium ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Scholarly Attention

Management from Islamic Perspectives (MIP) is an emerging field that has begun to attract scholarly attention. However, the research undertaken so far has been rather fragmented and lack a clear agenda. This paper presents a literature review of the field and the areas of current focus. Although the field has a huge growth potential, I argue that it faces several challenges and problems as it develops further. I outline these potential pitfalls, suggest how to develop MIP as a formal discipline, and explain how to integrate it within real-life business practices. The article closes with a call for research to be conducted in a more organized fashion through an international consortium of researchers as well as recommendations for future research directions.

Social ethology of the wolverine

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey P. Copeland ◽  
Arild Landa ◽  
Kimberly Heinemeyer ◽  
Keith B. Aubry ◽  
Jiska van Dijk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Resource Availability ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Social System ◽  
Group Living ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Ecological Framework ◽  
The Social ◽  
Living Species

Social behaviour in solitary carnivores has long been an active area of investigation but for many species remains largely founded in conjecture compared to our understanding of sociality in group-living species. The social organization of the wolverine has, until now, received little attention beyond its portrayal as a typical mustelid social system. In this chapter the authors compile observations of social interactions from multiple wolverine field studies, which are integrated into an ecological framework. An ethological model for the wolverine is proposed that reveals an intricate social organization, which is driven by variable resource availability within extremely large territories and supports social behaviour that underpins offspring development.

scholarly journals Robust neutrosophic programming approach for solving intuitionistic fuzzy multiobjective optimization problems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Firoz Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Multiobjective Optimization ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Practical Implication ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Programming Approach ◽  
Solution Approach ◽  
Intuitionistic Fuzzy Numbers ◽  
Intuitionistic Fuzzy ◽  
Multiobjective Optimization Problems

AbstractThis study presents the modeling of the multiobjective optimization problem in an intuitionistic fuzzy environment. The uncertain parameters are depicted as intuitionistic fuzzy numbers, and the crisp version is obtained using the ranking function method. Also, we have developed a novel interactive neutrosophic programming approach to solve multiobjective optimization problems. The proposed method involves neutral thoughts while making decisions. Furthermore, various sorts of membership functions are also depicted for the marginal evaluation of each objective simultaneously. The different numerical examples are presented to show the performances of the proposed solution approach. A case study of the cloud computing pricing problem is also addressed to reveal the real-life applications. The practical implication of the current study is also discussed efficiently. Finally, conclusions and future research scope are suggested based on the proposed work.

scholarly journals Music Connects Us: Development of a Music-Based Group Activity Intervention to Engage People Living with Dementia and Address Loneliness

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 570
Author(s):  
Hannah M. O’Rourke ◽  
Tammy Hopper ◽  
Lee Bartel ◽  
Mandy Archibald ◽  
Matthias Hoben ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Care Home ◽  
Intervention Mapping ◽  
Group Activity ◽  
Relationship Building ◽  
Care Staff ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Engaged Scholarship ◽  
Severe Dementia

There is a need for intervention research to understand how music-based group activities foster engagement in social interactions and relationship-building among care home residents living with moderate to severe dementia. The purpose of this conceptual paper is to describe the design of ‘Music Connects Us’, a music-based group activity intervention. Music Connects Us primarily aims to promote social connectedness and quality of life among care home residents living with moderate to severe dementia through engagement in music-making, supporting positive social interactions to develop intimate connections with others. To develop Music Connects Us, we adapted the ‘Music for Life’ program offered by Wigmore Hall in the United Kingdom, applying an intervention mapping framework and principles of engaged scholarship. This paper describes in detail the Music Connects Us program, our adaptation approach, and key adaptations made, which included: framing the project to focus on the engagement of the person living with dementia to ameliorate loneliness; inclusion of student and other community-based musicians; reduced requirements for care staff participation; and the development of a detailed musician training approach to prepare musicians to deliver the program in Canada. Description of the development, features, and rationale for Music Connects Us will support its replication in future research aimed to tests its effects and its use in clinical practice.

Designing an Emergency Management Simulation Testbed to Investigate Incident Management Team Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1881-1885
Author(s):  
Changwon Son ◽  
Farzan Sasangohar ◽  
S. Camille Peres ◽  
Jukrin Moon
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Management ◽  
Team Performance ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Management Team ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Incident Management ◽  
Emergency Operations ◽  
Management Domain ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
Complex Phenomena

Investigating real-life disasters and crises has been challenging due to accompanying difficulties and risks posed by these complex phenomena. Previous research in the emergency management domain has largely relied on qualitative approaches to describe the event after it occurred. To facilitate investigations for more generalizable findings, this paper documents ongoing efforts to design an emergency management simulation testbed called Team Emergency Operations Simulation (TEOS) in which an incident management team (IMT) is situated. First, we describe the design process based on our previous work. Next, we present the overall description of TEOS including representative roles, tasks, and team environments. We also propose measures of team performance of the IMT and propose future research that can be realized through TEOS.

scholarly journals Implications of multiple mating for offspring relatedness and shoaling behaviour in juvenile guppies

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 623-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan P Evans ◽  
Jennifer L Kelley
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Multiple Mating ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Shoaling Behaviour

Polyandry (female multiple mating) can confer important benefits to females, but few studies have considered its potential costs. One such cost may arise through differences in the relatedness of offspring born to females with different mating histories; offspring born to monandrous females are always full siblings, while those produced by polyandrous females may be full or half siblings. These differences may have important consequences for social interactions among offspring. We used artificial insemination in the guppy ( Poecilia reticulata ), a promiscuous live-bearing fish, to evaluate shoaling behaviour in polyandrous and monandrous broods. We combined this information with known parentage data for the polyandrous broods to determine whether sibling relatedness influenced offspring shoaling behaviour. While we detected no effect of mating treatment (polyandry/monandry) on shoaling behaviour, we found that pairs of full siblings spent significantly more time shoaling (and in close proximity) than pairs of half siblings. This latter finding confirms the ability of newborn guppies to distinguish brood mates on the basis of kinship, but also suggests an important and hitherto unrealized potential cost of polyandry: a reduction in within-brood relatedness with potentially important implications for offspring social behaviour.

Learning Real-Life Lessons From Online Games

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia G. Lange
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Online Games ◽  
Technical Knowledge ◽  
Life Lessons ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Scholarly Attention

Games have received increased scholarly attention due to the economic value they generate. Yet, some studies still conceptualize games as ‘‘virtual’’ realms that are theoretically distinct from ‘‘real world’’ experiences. Based on an ethnographic investigation of two online, text-based gaming environments, this study analyzes dynamics such as technical acculturation, access to technical knowledge, and opportunities for self-expression by studying social interaction that occurred in non-revenue-generating games. Frameworks that focus on dynamics such as in-game conversation in broader game-centric domains or ecologies should be considered to accommodate a wider variety of gaming forms and related interdisciplinary research questions. Different games have different consequences, and it is important to understand the varying consequential contexts that games afford. Whether or not the consequences may be measured economically, it is nevertheless important to consider how social interactions may complicate forms of self-expression in ways that impact the human spirit.

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