scholarly journals Multi-omic approach provides insights into osmoregulation and osmoconformation of the crab Scylla paramamosain

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaojiao Niu ◽  
Xue Lei Hu ◽  
Jack C. H. Ip ◽  
Ka Yan Ma ◽  
Yuanyuan Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Scylla Paramamosain ◽  
Salinity Range ◽  
Salinity Adaptation ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Adaptation Mechanisms ◽  
Contrast Exposure

AbstractOsmoregulation and osmoconformation are two mechanisms through which aquatic animals adapt to salinity fluctuations. The euryhaline crab Scylla paramamosain, being both an osmoconformer and osmoregulator, is an excellent model organism to investigate salinity adaptation mechanisms in brachyurans. In the present study, we used transcriptomic and proteomic approaches to investigate the response of S. paramamosain to salinity stress. Crabs were transferred from a salinity of 25 ppt to salinities of 5 ppt or 33 ppt for 6 h and 10 days. Data from both approaches revealed that exposure to 5 ppt resulted in upregulation of ion transport and energy metabolism associated genes. Notably, acclimation to low salinity was associated with early changes in gene expression for signal transduction and stress response. In contrast, exposure to 33 ppt resulted in upregulation of genes related to amino acid metabolism, and amino acid transport genes were upregulated only at the early stage of acclimation to this salinity. Our study reveals contrasting mechanisms underlying osmoregulation and osmoconformation within the salinity range of 5–33 ppt in the mud crab, and provides novel candidate genes for osmotic signal transduction, thereby providing insights on understanding the salinity adaptation mechanisms of brachyuran crabs.

scholarly journals Impact of Short-term Artificial Low Salinity Stress on the Flavor Quality of Scylla Paramamosain

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-195
Author(s):  
Tu Chunfei ◽  
Li Xing ◽  
Wang Huan ◽  
Chen Yuhao ◽  
Liang Guoling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Scylla Paramamosain ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Salinity Control ◽  
Cumulative Amount

Scylla paramamosain is a kind of large euryhaline marine crab. As an important physicochemical parameter of seawater, salinity has a great impact on the survival, growth and quality of Scylla paramamosain. This research tested the content of non-volatile flavor substance, lactic acid and taurine on the 0, 1st, 3rd, 7th and 15th day in three salinity gradients (3, 13, 23) with HPLC (High-performance Liquid Chromatography) technology. Results have shown that in low salinity stress, the cumulative amount of free amino acids in muscle of Scylla paramamosain is more than that in hepatopancreas, while the cumulative amount of essential amino acids in hepatopancreas is more than that in muscle. In muscle, contents of three flavor amino acids are ranked as follows: sweet, bitter and delicious amino acid, and in hepatopancreas, it is bitter, sweet and delicious amino acid. The fluctuation rule of free amino acid, essential amino acid and lactic acid in Scylla paramamosain in the low salinity group is similar to that of other salinity control group, while the content of sweet amino acid, bitter amino acid, nucleotide, EUC, taurine is different from that of other salinity control groups.

scholarly journals Osmoadaptation Strategy of the Most Halophilic Fungus, Wallemia ichthyophaga, Growing Optimally at Salinities above 15% NaCl

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 247-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janja Zajc ◽  
Tina Kogej ◽  
Erwin A. Galinski ◽  
José Ramos ◽  
Nina Gunde-Cimerman
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Osmotic Shock ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Salinity Range ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Optimal Salinity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Batch Cultures ◽  
Specific Growth Rates ◽  
Optimum Salinity

ABSTRACTWallemia ichthyophagais a fungus from the ancient basidiomycetous genusWallemia(Wallemiales, Wallemiomycetes) that grows only at salinities between 10% (wt/vol) NaCl and saturated NaCl solution. This obligate halophily is unique among fungi. The main goal of this study was to determine the optimal salinity range for growth of the halophilicW. ichthyophagaand to unravel its osmoadaptation strategy. Our results showed that growth on solid growth media was extremely slow and resulted in small colonies. On the other hand, in the liquid batch cultures, the specific growth rates ofW. ichthyophagawere higher, and the biomass production increased with increasing salinities. The optimum salinity range for growth ofW. ichthyophagawas between 15 and 20% (wt/vol) NaCl. At 10% NaCl, the biomass production and the growth rate were by far the lowest among all tested salinities. Furthermore, the cell wall content in the dry biomass was extremely high at salinities above 10%. Our results also showed that glycerol was the major osmotically regulated solute, since its accumulation increased with salinity and was diminished by hypo-osmotic shock. Besides glycerol, smaller amounts of arabitol and trace amounts of mannitol were also detected. In addition,W. ichthyophagamaintained relatively small intracellular amounts of potassium and sodium at constant salinities, but during hyperosmotic shock, the amounts of both cations increased significantly. Given our results and the recent availability of the genome sequence,W. ichthyophagashould become well established as a novel model organism for studies of halophily in eukaryotes.

Characterization of the Low-Salinity Stress in Vibrio vulnificus

2008 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 416-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
HIN-CHUNG WONG ◽  
SHU-HUI LIU
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Vibrio Vulnificus ◽  
Exponential Phase ◽  
Salinity Adaptation ◽  
Significant Protection ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Nonculturable State

Vibrio vulnificus is a marine pathogenic bacterium commonly found in seawater or seafood. This organism encounters low-salinity stress in its natural environment and during food processing. This study was designed to investigate the response of V. vulnificus YJ03 to lethal low salinity (0.04% NaCl) and its adaptation to sublethal salinity (0.12% NaCl with 20 amino acids added). A short period in the nonculturable state was induced by lethal low-salinity stress followed by cell death after 30 min of stress. Addition of 1 mM glycine betaine or 0.5 mM sucrose reduced the damage. Low-salinity adaptation was achieved in the exponential-phase cells but not in the stationary-phase cells. Significant protection against lethal low-salinity stress was attained when the cells were adapted for as little as 1.5 min. The adapted cells were significantly protected against lethal low salinity and 2.4% sodium sorbate but sensitized to the challenge of heat (52°C) and acid (pH 3.2). Nonlethal lowsalinity treatment of seafood should be avoided to prevent stress adaptation of V. vulnificus.

scholarly journals The medaka fish Tol2 transposable element is in an early stage of decay: identification of a nonautonomous copy

Genome ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakura Hayashi ◽  
Takuji Tsukiyama ◽  
Atsuo Iida ◽  
Masato Kinoshita ◽  
Akihiko Koga
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Stop Codon ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Single Amino Acid ◽  
Base Substitution ◽  
Unique Element ◽  
Medaka Fish ◽  
Medaka Genome ◽  
Single Amino Acid Change ◽  
Local Sequence

The majority of DNA-based transposable elements comprise autonomous and nonautonomous copies, or only nonautonomous copies, where the autonomous copy contains an intact gene for a transposase protein and the nonautonomous copy does not. Even if autonomous copies coexist, they are generally less frequent. The <i>Tol2</i> element of medaka fish is one of the few elements for which a nonautonomous copy has not yet been found. Here we report the presence of a nonautonomous <i>Tol2</i> copy that was identified by surveying the medaka genome sequence database. This copy contained 3 local sequence alterations that affected the deduced amino acid sequence of the transposase: a deletion of 15 nucleotides resulting in a deletion of 5 amino acids, a base substitution causing a single amino acid change, and another base substitution giving rise to a stop codon. Transposition assays using cultured human cells revealed that the transposase activity was reduced by the 15-nucleotide deletion and abolished by the nonsense mutation. This is the first example of a nonautonomous <i>Tol2</i> copy. Thus, <i>Tol2</i> is in an early stage of decay in the medaka genome, and is therefore a unique element to observe an almost whole decay process that progresses in natural populations.

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