scholarly journals The potential ameliorative impacts of cerium oxide nanoparticles against fipronil-induced hepatic steatosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lamiaa Wasef ◽  
Atef M. K. Nassar ◽  
Yasser S. El-Sayed ◽  
Dalia Samak ◽  
Ahmed Noreldin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerium Oxide ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractFipronil (FIP) is a phenylpyrazole insecticide that is commonly used in agricultural and veterinary fields for controlling a wide range of insects, but it is a strong environmentally toxic substance. Exposure to FIP has been reported to increase the hepatic fat accumulation through altered lipid metabolism, which ultimately can contribute to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) development. The present study aimed to examine the function of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeNPs) in protecting against hepatotoxicity and lipogenesis induced by FIP. Twenty-eight male albino rats were classified into four groups: FIP (5 mg/kg/day per os), CTR, CeNPs (35 mg/kg/day p.o.), and FIP + CeNPs (5 (FIP) + 35 (CeNPs) mg/kg/day p.o.) for 28 consecutive days. Serum lipid profiles, hepatic antioxidant parameters and pathology, and mRNA expression of adipocytokines were assessed. The results revealed that FIP increased cholesterol, height-density lipoprotein, triacylglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c), and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL-c) concentrations. It also increased nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) hepatic levels and reduced glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activities. Additionally, FIP up-regulated the fatty acid-binding protein (FABP), acetyl Co-A carboxylase (ACC1), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-α). Immunohistochemically, a strong proliferation of cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) reactions in the endothelial cells of the hepatic sinusoids, and increased expression of caspase3 were observed following FIP intoxication. FIP also caused histological changes in hepatic tissue. The CeNPs counteracted the hepatotoxic effect of FIP exposure. So, this study recorded an ameliorative effect of CeNPs against FIP-induced hepatotoxicity.

scholarly journals Ameliorative Role of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Against Fipronil Impact on Brain Function, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptotic Cascades in Albino Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norhan Elshony ◽  
Atef M. K. Nassar ◽  
Yasser S. El-Sayed ◽  
Dalia Samak ◽  
Ahmed Noreldin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerium Oxide ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Brain Tissues

Fipronil (FIP) is an N-phenylpyrazole insecticide that is used extensively in public health and agriculture against a wide range of pests. Exposure to FIP is linked to negative health outcomes in humans and animals including promoting neuronal cell injury, which results in apoptosis through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeNPs) on neuronal dysfunction induced by FIP in albino rats. Male rats were randomly classified into four groups: control, FIP (5 mg/kg bwt), CeNPs (35 mg/kg bwt), and FIP + CeNPs (5 (FIP) + 35 (CeNPs) mg/kg bwt), which were treated orally once daily for 28 consecutive days. Brain antioxidant parameters, histopathology, and mRNA expression of genes related to brain function were evaluated. The results revealed oxidative damage to brain tissues in FIP-treated rats indicated by the elevated levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels and reduced activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). On the other hand, the FIP’s group that was treated with CeNPs showed decrease in MDA and NO levels and increase in SOD and GPx enzymes activity. Besides, FIP-treated rats showed decreased butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activity in comparison to the FIP + CeNPs group. Moreover, FIP caused up-regulation of the expression of neuron-specific enolase (NSE), caspase-3, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) but down-regulation of B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) expression. But the FIP + CeNPs group significantly down-regulated the GFAP, NSE, and caspase-3 and up-regulated the gene expression of BCL-2. Additionally, the FIP-treated group of rats had clear degenerative lesions in brain tissue that was reversed to nearly normal cerebral architecture by the FIP + CeNPs treatment. Immunohistochemical examination of brain tissues of rats-treated with FIP showed abundant ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1) microglia and caspase-3 and apoptotic cells with nearly negative calbindin and synaptophysin reaction, which were countered by FIP + CeNPs treatment that revealed a critical decrease in caspase-3, Iba-1 reaction with a strong calbindin positive reaction in most of the Purkinje cells and strong synaptophysin reaction in the cerebrum and cerebellum tissues. Based on reported results herein, CeNPs treatment might counteract the neurotoxic effect of FIP pesticide via an antioxidant-mediated mechanism.

scholarly journals Effect of Some Strains of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Their Mixture on the Level of Fats and Cholesterol in Albino Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Male with Hypothyroidism Induced Using Carbimazole

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-146
Author(s):  
Elham K. Nasser ◽  
Kithar R. Majeed ◽  
Hayder I. Ali
Keyword(s):  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Very Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Fortified Milk

Fortified milk containing Lactobacillus plantarum, L. casei, and L. acidophilus isolates and their mixture were used in dosing the male albino rats at an age of 9-12 weeks at an average of 23 g with induced hypothyroidism at a concentration of 0.6 g.kg-1 of carbimazole. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) were estimated. The results showed a significant increase in the level of triglycerides (TG), cholesterol and triglycerides. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), with a significant decrease in the level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in infected male mice, compared to the control sample, and upon dosing with liquid milk fortified, it returned to its normal level without significant differences from the control group.

Variation in Human Erythrocyte Membrane Unsaturated Fatty Acids: Correlation With Cardiovascular Disease

2010 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
Jorge L. Sepulveda ◽  
Yvette C. Tanhehco ◽  
Monica Frey ◽  
Lida Guo ◽  
Lorna J. Cropcho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Fa Composition ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Trans Fa ◽  
Cis And Trans

Abstract Context.—Whether cell membrane fatty acid (FA) composition is a useful indicator of vascular disease is unclear. Objective.—To study variation of erythrocyte (RBC) membrane FA in samples from healthy volunteers, hospitalized patients, and cardiac troponin I–elevated patients with myocardial damage without a priori assumptions as to FA composition. Design.—We separated FAs extracted from RBCs by gas chromatography and identified them by mass spectrometry. Fatty acids with abundance greater than 1% of total were quantified and compared: hexadecanoic (C16:0), octadecadienoic (C18:2), cis- and trans-octadecenoic (C18:1), and eicosatetraenoic (C20:4) acids. Deuterated standards established proportionality of FA recovery. The cis- and trans-C18:1 identification was verified by comparison with standards. Results.—In troponin-positive samples, C18:2 to C18:1 ratios were increased 30% compared with healthy controls or with random patient samples. Erythrocyte trans-C18:1 had a wide variation, ∼10-fold, in all groups but without differences between groups. Replicates showed that the wide range of RBC trans-FA load is not due to analytic variation. In healthy subjects, the RBC content of lower– molecular weight FAs (C16-C18) correlated with serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, but despite the established relationship between dietary trans-FA and increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipid profiles had no correlation with RBC trans-FA content. Conclusions.—Erythrocyte accumulation of unsaturated FA may be a useful indicator of vascular disease, whereas the wide range in trans-FAs suggests that both diet and genetic variation affect RBC trans-FA accumulation. Unsaturated FAs increase membrane fluidity and may reflect a natural response to subclinical vascular changes, which may in turn reflect increased risk of clinical disease.

Surfactant-Free One-Pot Synthesis of Low-Density Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles for Adsorptive Removal of Arsenic Species

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashant Kumar Mishra ◽  
Amit Saxena ◽  
Ashok Singh Rawat ◽  
Pradeep Kumar Dixit ◽  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerium Oxide ◽  
Arsenic Species ◽  
Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Low Density ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Adsorptive Removal ◽  
One Pot Synthesis ◽  
Removal Of Arsenic

Immunoseparation method for measuring low-density lipoprotein cholesterol directly from serum evaluated

1995 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
J R McNamara ◽  
T G Cole ◽  
J H Contois ◽  
C A Ferguson ◽  
J M Ordovas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Fresh Serum ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Absolute Bias ◽  
Highly Correlated

Abstract Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol can not be calculated from other lipid measurements when samples are obtained from nonfasting individuals or when triglycerides are > or = 4.0 g/L. We have evaluated a direct LDL cholesterol assay for analyzing 115 fresh serum samples obtained from fasting and nonfasting dyslipidemic patients with triglycerides < or = 35.85 g/L, who were receiving diet and (or) drug treatments. Results were highly correlated with those by ultracentrifugation (r = 0.97), with a mean/median bias of -2.9%/0.7% (-0.001/0.010 g/L) and an absolute bias of 9.5%/6.4% (0.119/0.090 g/L). The assay correctly classified LDL cholesterol concentrations < 1.30 g/L 81% of the time, 1.30-1.60 g/L 76% of the time, and > or = 1.60 g/L 94% of the time. Precision studies provided within- and between-run CVs in the range of 1.2-3.8% and 2.0-5.1%, respectively. Our data indicate that this assay is an accurate method for measuring LDLC directly from fresh serum obtained from fasting or nonfasting subjects with a wide range of triglyceride values.

scholarly journals Regulation of hepatic very-low-density lipoprotein secretion in rats fed on a diet high in unsaturated fat

1987 ◽  
Vol 243 (2) ◽  
pp. 487-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
G F Gibbons ◽  
C R Pullinger
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Dark Phase ◽  
Very Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Unsaturated Fat ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cholesterol Secretion

Rats were fed ad libitum on either a standard, high-carbohydrate, chow diet or a similar diet supplemented with 15% unsaturated fat (corn oil). Hepatocytes were prepared either during the dark phase (D6-hepatocytes) or during the light phase (L2-hepatocytes) of the diurnal cycle. In hepatocytes from rats fed on the unsaturated-fat-containing diet, secretion of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) triacylglycerol was inhibited to a greater extent in the D6- than in the L2-hepatocytes. Plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentrations were elevated to the same extent at both D6 and L2 in the unsaturated-fat-fed animals. The secretion of VLDL esterified and non-esterified cholesterol was relatively insensitive to changes in the unsaturated-fat content of the diet. This resulted in proportionate increases in the content of these lipid constituents compared with that of triacylglycerol in the nascent VLDL. There was also an increase in the ratio of esterified to non-esterified cholesterol in the nascent VLDL produced by hepatocytes of the unsaturated-fat-fed animals. In the D6-hepatocytes from the unsaturated-fat-fed animals, the decrease in the secretion of VLDL triacylglycerol could not be reversed by addition of exogenous oleate (0.7 mM) to the incubation medium. In contrast, addition of a mixture of lactate (10 mM) and pyruvate (1 mM) stimulated both fatty acid synthesis de novo and the rate of VLDL triacylglycerol secretion. Secretion of esterified and non-esterified cholesterol also increased under these conditions. Insulin suppressed the secretion of VLDL triacylglycerol and cholesteryl ester under a wide range of conditions in all types of hepatocyte preparations. Non-esterified cholesterol secretion was unaffected. In hepatocytes prepared from the fat-fed animals, these effects of insulin were more pronounced at D6 than at L2. Glucagon also inhibited VLDL lipid secretion in all types of hepatocyte preparations. The decrease in cholesterol secretion was due equally to decreases in the rates of secretion of both esterified and non-esterified cholesterol.

scholarly journals Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein: Complex Particles in Cardiac Energy Metabolism

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
You-Guo Niu ◽  
Rhys D. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Very Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cardiac Energy Metabolism ◽  
Cardiac Energy

The heart is a major consumer of energy and is able to utilise a wide range of substrates including lipids. Nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) were thought to be a favoured carbon source, but their quantitative contribution is limited because of their relative histotoxicity. Circulating triacylglycerols (TAGs) in the form of chylomicrons (CMs) and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) are an alternative source of fatty acids and are now believed to be important in cardiac metabolism. However, few studies on cardiac utilisation of VLDL have been performed and the role of VLDL in cardiac energy metabolism remains unclear. Hearts utilise VLDL to generate ATP, but the oxidation rate of VLDL-TAG is relatively low under physiological conditions; however, in certain pathological states switching of energy substrates occurs and VLDL may become a major energy source for hearts. We review research regarding myocardial utilisation of VLDL and suggest possible roles of VLDL in cardiac energy metabolism: metabolic regulator and extracardiac energy storage for hearts.

scholarly journals Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Properties ofTriticum aestivumin Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yogesha Mohan ◽  
Grace Nirmala Jesuthankaraj ◽  
Narendhirakannan Ramasamy Thangavelu
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Marker Enzyme

The antidiabetic and antioxidant potential ofTriticum aestivumwere evaluated by usingin vivomethods in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in the Wistar strain albino rats by injecting streptozotocin at a dose of 55 mg/kg body weight. Ethanolic extracts ofTriticum aestivumat doses of 100 mg/kg body weight were administered orally for 30 days. Various parameters were studied and the treatment group with the extract showed a significant increase in the liver glycogen and a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin levels, and serum marker enzyme levels. The total cholesterol and serum triglycerides levels, low density lipoprotein, and very low density lipoprotein were also significantly reduced and the high density lipoprotein level was significantly increased upon treatment with theTriticum aestivumethanol extract. A significant decrease in the levels of lipid peroxides, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidise and increase in the levels of vitamin E, catalase, and reduced glutathione were observed inTriticum aestivumtreated diabetic rats. Thus, from this study we conclude that ethanolic extract ofTriticum aestivumexhibited significant antihyperglycemic, hypolipidemic, and antioxidant activities in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles are Nontoxic for Mouse Embryogenesis In Vitro and In Vivo

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 248-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander S. Chernov ◽  
Dmitry A. Reshetnikov ◽  
Anton L. Popov ◽  
Nelly R. Popova ◽  
Irina V. Savintseva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerium Oxide ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Wide Range

Cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria) are considered as one of the most promising nanomaterials for biomedical applications. Complex analysis of cytotoxicity, including the assessment of effects on the reproductive system, is required for development of new biomedical materials. In this study, we investigated the effects of ultra-small citrate-stabilized cerium oxide nanoparticles on the development of mouse embryos in vitro and embryogenesis process in vivo. We have shown that nanoceria in a wide range of concentrations do not exert a toxic effect on the development of 2-cell embryos and embryogenesis.

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